{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T12:47:56Z","timestamp":1790858876038,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2695,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,10]],"date-time":"2006-01-10T07:08:03Z","timestamp":1136876883000},"page":"175-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["West Nile virus infection of the placenta"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"347","author":[{"given":"Justin G.","family":"Julander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quinton A.","family":"Winger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee F.","family":"Rickords","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Yong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Tilgner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iwona","family":"Binduga-Gajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert W.","family":"Sidwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Morrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib1","first-page":"315","article-title":"Clinical West Nile virus infection in 2 horses in western Canada","volume":"45","author":"Abutarbush","year":"2004","journal-title":"Can. Vet. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(03)00452-5","article-title":"Intrauterine West Nile virus: ocular and systemic findings","volume":"136","author":"Alpert","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.05.031","article-title":"Punctate exanthem of West Nile Virus infection: report of 3 cases","volume":"51","author":"Anderson","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1001.020616","article-title":"Experimental infection of cats and dogs with West Nile virus","volume":"10","author":"Austgen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/0307945031000154080","article-title":"Direct (non-vector) transmission of West Nile virus in geese","volume":"32","author":"Banet-Noach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib6","first-page":"204","article-title":"West Nile virus meningoencephalitis during pregnancy","volume":"156","author":"Bruno","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. La. State Med. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsle.2004.01.035","article-title":"New insights on the neuropathology of West Nile virus","volume":"233","author":"Ceccaldi","year":"2004","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.028118","article-title":"Human cytomegalovirus-induced upregulation of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 on villous syncytiotrophoblasts","volume":"71","author":"Chan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"issue":"52","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54533","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410208200","article-title":"Interaction of West Nile virus with alpha v beta 3 integrin mediates virus entry into cells","volume":"279","author":"Chu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"5190","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7985020","article-title":"Implantation and the placenta: key pieces of the development puzzle","volume":"266","author":"Cross","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.8.4599-4609.2005","article-title":"Inhibition of flavivirus infections by antisense oligomers specifically suppressing viral translation and RNA replication","volume":"79","author":"Deas","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2004.01.014","article-title":"Implantation: embryonic signals and the modulation of the uterine environment\u2014A review","volume":"25","author":"Fazleabas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2001.0738","article-title":"Comparative developmental anatomy of the murine and human definitive placentae","volume":"23","author":"Georgiades","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590900454","article-title":"Characterization of West Nile viral replication and maturation in peripheral neurons in culture","volume":"11","author":"Hunsperger","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. NeuroVirol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib15","first-page":"154","article-title":"Interim guidelines for the evaluation of infants born to mothers infected with West Nile virus during pregnancy","volume":"53","year":"2004","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib16","first-page":"1135","article-title":"Intrauterine West Nile virus infection\u2014New York","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0843","article-title":"Apoptotic activity in villous trophoblast cells during B19 infection correlates with clinical outcome: assessment by the caspase-related M30 Cytodeath antibody","volume":"23","author":"Jordan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2004.10.005","article-title":"Treatment of West Nile virus-infected mice with reactive immunoglobulin reduces fetal titers and increases dam survival","volume":"65","author":"Julander","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antiviral. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib19","first-page":"232","article-title":"The placenta and viral infections","volume":"10","author":"Kaplan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Semin. Diagn. Pathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod64.3.1001","article-title":"Differential expression of the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor regulates adenovirus infection of the placenta","volume":"64","author":"Koi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03798.x","article-title":"The mechanisms of placental viral infection","volume":"943","author":"Koi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.004325","article-title":"Syncytiotrophoblast is a barrier to maternal\u2013fetal transmission of herpes simplex virus","volume":"67","author":"Koi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kutzler, M.A., Bildfell, R.J., Gardner-Graff, K.K., Baker, R.J., Delay, J.P., Mattson, D.E., 2004. West Nile virus infection in two alpacas. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 225 (6), 921\u20134, 880.","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2004.225.921"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib24","first-page":"1133","article-title":"Laboratory-acquired West Nile virus infections\u2014United States","volume":"51","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0041-1132.2004.04130.x","article-title":"West Nile virus blood transfusion-related infection despite nucleic acid testing","volume":"44","author":"Macedo de Oliveira","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0907.030085","article-title":"West Nile virus in farmed alligators","volume":"9","author":"Miller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-3542(02)00013-X","article-title":"Identification of active antiviral compounds against a New York isolate of West Nile virus","volume":"55","author":"Morrey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antiviral. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01314791","article-title":"West Nile virus infection of adult mice by oral route","volume":"54","author":"Odelola","year":"1977","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0378(97)00071-5","article-title":"Mechanisms of trophoblast\u2013virus interaction","volume":"37","author":"Parry","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib30","first-page":"493","article-title":"A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoint","volume":"27","author":"Reed","year":"1938","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0706.010617","article-title":"Vector competence of selected North American Culex and Coquillettidia mosquitoes for West Nile virus","volume":"7","author":"Sardelis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerging Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1453","article-title":"Construction and characterization of subgenomic replicons of New York strain of West Nile virus","volume":"296","author":"Shi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5847","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.5847-5856.2002","article-title":"Infectious cDNA clone of the epidemic West Nile virus from New York City","volume":"76","author":"Shi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1128\/am.22.5.797-801.1971","article-title":"Use of disposable micro tissue culture plates for antiviral and interferon induction studies","volume":"22","author":"Sidwell","year":"1971","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"5396","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2072","article-title":"Promotion of trophoblast stem cell proliferation by FGF4","volume":"282","author":"Tanaka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb02707.x","article-title":"Potential North American vectors of West Nile virus","volume":"951","author":"Turell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0012.2004.00283.x","article-title":"West Nile virus encephalitis: an emerging disease in renal transplant recipients","volume":"18","author":"Wadei","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870401600111","article-title":"West Nile virus meningoencephalitis in a Suri alpaca and Suffolk ewe","volume":"16","author":"Yaeger","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Invest."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682205007762?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682205007762?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T23:39:14Z","timestamp":1758584354000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682205007762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0042682205007762"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"West Nile virus infection of the placenta","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2005.11.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}