{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:42:04Z","timestamp":1790728924134,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,1]],"date-time":"2008-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222819200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1750,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,18]],"date-time":"2008-09-18T12:52:56Z","timestamp":1221742376000},"page":"170-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Western Equine Encephalitis submergence: Lack of evidence for a decline in virus virulence"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"380","author":[{"given":"Naomi L.","family":"Forrester","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan L.","family":"Kenney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleanor","family":"Deardorff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eryu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott C.","family":"Weaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib1","unstructured":"CDC, 2005. Arboviral encephalitides. Fact Sheet: Western Equine Encephalitis. Department of Vector-Borne Infectious Disease."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib2","series-title":"Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections","first-page":"797","article-title":"Arboviruses","author":"Beaty","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.322","article-title":"Western equine encephalomyelitis: virulence markers and their epidemiologic significance","volume":"49","author":"Bianchi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib4","first-page":"13","article-title":"Biological characteristics of an enzootic subtype of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from Argentina","volume":"41","author":"Bianchi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.956","volume":"34","author":"Calisher","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib6","first-page":"641","article-title":"Arboviral disease\u2014United States, 1994","volume":"44","author":"CDC","year":"1995","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.75.480","article-title":"Previous infection with West Nile or St Louis encephalitis viruses provides cross-protection during reinfection in house finches","volume":"75","author":"Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1086\/319235","article-title":"Infectious diseases: considerations for the 21st Century","volume":"32","author":"Fauci","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.601","article-title":"Air conditioning and television as protective factors in arboviral encephalitis risk","volume":"35","author":"Gahlinger","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.285","article-title":"Human eastern equine encephalitis in Massachusetts: predictive indicators from mosquitoes collected at 10 long-term trap sites, 1979\u20132004","volume":"76","author":"Hachiya","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Journal of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18S","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.18S","article-title":"The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Central Valley of California, 1945\u20131985","volume":"37","author":"Hardy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.240","article-title":"Mouse and baby chicken virulence of enzootic strains of western equine encephalomyelitis virus from California","volume":"57","author":"Hardy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Trends in U.S. climate during the twentieth century","volume":"1","author":"Karl","year":"1995","journal-title":"Consequences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2353","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81815-0","article-title":"Infectivity variation and genetic diversity among strains of western equine encephalitis virus","volume":"87","author":"Nagata","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiology of the arthropod-borne viral encephalitides in Kern County, California","volume":"4","author":"Reeves","year":"1958","journal-title":"Univ. Calif. Berkeley Publ. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib16","series-title":"The Arboviruses: Epidemiology and Ecology, Vol. V","first-page":"89","article-title":"Western equine encephalomyelitis","author":"Reisen","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.681","article-title":"Limited interdecadal variation in mosquito (diptera: culicidae) and avian host competence for western equine encephalomyelitis virus (Togaviridae: alphavirus)","volume":"78","author":"Reisen","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01590-06","article-title":"Differential induction of type I interferon responses in myeloid dendritic cells by mosquito and mammalian-cell-derived alphaviruses","volume":"81","author":"Shabman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.1.613-623.1997","article-title":"Recombinational history and molecular evolution of western equine encephalomyelitis complex alphaviruses","volume":"71","author":"Weaver","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682208005278?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682208005278?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T23:55:31Z","timestamp":1758585331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682208005278"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0042682208005278"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1126984.584109","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Western Equine Encephalitis submergence: Lack of evidence for a decline in virus virulence","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}