{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:50:34Z","timestamp":1790895034181,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,17]],"date-time":"2013-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":869,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["AI009484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI009484"]}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["AI045927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI045927"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,24]],"date-time":"2010-12-24T04:19:37Z","timestamp":1293164377000},"page":"170-179","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Decoding arenavirus pathogenesis: Essential roles for alpha-dystroglycan-virus interactions and the immune response"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"411","author":[{"given":"Michael B.A.","family":"Oldstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin P.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.167.5.1719","article-title":"Organ-specific selection of viral variants during chronic infection","volume":"167","author":"Ahmed","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.2307\/4581290","article-title":"Experimental lymphocytic choriomeningitis of monkeys in mice produced by a virus encountered in studies of the 1933 St. Louis encephalitis epidemic","volume":"49","author":"Armstrong","year":"1934","journal-title":"Public Health Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04444","article-title":"Restoring function in exhausted CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection","volume":"439","author":"Barber","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02814","article-title":"Dystroglycan: from biosynthesis to pathogenesis of human disease","volume":"119","author":"Barresi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1679","article-title":"Coregulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion by multiple inhibitory receptors during chronic viral infection","volume":"10","author":"Blackburn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01579-09","article-title":"Tissue-specific differences in PD-1 and PD-L1 expression during chronic viral infection: implications for CD8 T-cell exhaustion","volume":"84","author":"Blackburn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.2.1059-1070.1995","article-title":"Virus-induced immunosuppression: immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune suppression","volume":"69","author":"Borrow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-12-191296","article-title":"IL-10 is up-regulated in multiple cell types during viremic HIV infection and reversibly inhibits virus-specific T cells","volume":"114","author":"Brockman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1492","article-title":"Interleukin-10 determines viral clearance or persistence in vivo","volume":"12","author":"Brooks","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20428","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0811139106","article-title":"IL-10 and PD-L1 operate through distinct pathways to suppress T-cell activity during persistent viral infection","volume":"105","author":"Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071948","article-title":"IL-10 blockade facilitates DNA vaccine-induced T cell responses and enhances clearance of persistent virus infection","volume":"205","author":"Brooks","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1126\/science.282.5396.2079","article-title":"Identification of alpha-dystroglycan as a receptor for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Lassa fever virus","volume":"282","author":"Cao","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2004.11.005","article-title":"Dystroglycan: important player in skeletal muscle and beyond","volume":"15","author":"Cohn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450160063030","article-title":"Acute sensorineural deafness in Lassa fever","volume":"264","author":"Cummins","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061462","article-title":"Resolution of a chronic viral infection after interleukin-10 receptor blockade","volume":"203","author":"Ejrnaes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174182","article-title":"IL-21 is required to control chronic viral infection","volume":"324","author":"Elsaesser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90035-W","article-title":"Membrane organization of the dystrophin\u2013glycoprotein complex","volume":"66","author":"Ervasti","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e388","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000388","article-title":"Risk maps of Lassa fever in West Africa","volume":"3","author":"Fichet-Calvet","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071949","article-title":"Enhancing therapeutic vaccination by blocking PD-1-mediated inhibitory signals during chronic infection","volume":"205","author":"Ha","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12573","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906545106","article-title":"Basal lamina strengthens cell membrane integrity via the laminin G domain-binding motif of alpha-dystroglycan","volume":"106","author":"Han","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0105","first-page":"13","article-title":"The genetic and molecular basis of muscular dystrophy: roles of cell\u2013matrix linkage in the pathogenesis","volume":"13","author":"Kanagawa","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.06.003","article-title":"Molecular recognition by LARGE is essential for expression of functional dystroglycan","volume":"117","author":"Kanagawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e3282f9ae8b","article-title":"Programmed death-1 as a factor in immune exhaustion and activation in HIV infection","volume":"3","author":"Kaufmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. HIV AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07591","article-title":"Myelomonocytic cell recruitment causes fatal CNS vascular injury during acute viral meningitis","volume":"457","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.02.042","article-title":"Receptor binding and cell entry of Old World arenaviruses reveal novel aspects of virus\u2013host interaction","volume":"387","author":"Kunz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200104103","article-title":"Molecular analysis of the interaction of LCMV with its cellular receptor [alpha]-dystroglycan","volume":"155","author":"Kunz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2003.07.002","article-title":"Alpha-dystroglycan can mediate arenavirus infection in the absence of beta-dystroglycan","volume":"316","author":"Kunz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14282","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14282-14296.2005","article-title":"Posttranslational modification of alpha-dystroglycan, the cellular receptor for arenaviruses, by the glycosyltransferase LARGE is critical for virus binding","volume":"79","author":"Kunz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5979","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.5979-5987.2005","article-title":"Characterization of the interaction of Lassa fever virus with its cellular receptor alpha-dystroglycan","volume":"79","author":"Kunz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2009.01094.x","article-title":"Low interleukin-10 production by monocytes of patients with a self-limiting hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"16","author":"Martin-Blondel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15430","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702579104","article-title":"Viral targeting of fibroblastic reticular cells contributes to immunosuppression and persistence during chronic infection","volume":"104","author":"Mueller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0160","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lassa fever in West African sub-region: an overview","volume":"44","author":"Ogbu","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Vector Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0165","first-page":"83","article-title":"Biology and pathogenesis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection","volume":"263","author":"Oldstone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05539","article-title":"Transferrin receptor 1 is a cellular receptor for New World haemorrhagic fever arenaviruses","volume":"446","author":"Radoshitzky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16071","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2232366100","article-title":"Targeting Schwann cells by nonlytic arenaviral infection selectively inhibits myelination","volume":"100","author":"Rambukkana","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8215","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.12.8215","article-title":"High-programmed death-1 levels on hepatitis C virus-specific T cells during acute infection are associated with viral persistence and require preservation of cognate antigen during chronic infection","volume":"181","author":"Rutebemberwa","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06250","article-title":"Genome-wide detection and characterization of positive selection in human populations","volume":"449","author":"Sabeti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(88)90566-1","article-title":"Virus-lymphocyte interactions. IV. Molecular characterization of LCMV Armstrong (CTL+) small genomic segment and that of its variant, Clone 13 (CTL-)","volume":"164","author":"Salvato","year":"1988","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90163-3","article-title":"The primary structure of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus L gene encodes a putative RNA polymerase","volume":"169","author":"Salvato","year":"1989","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1863","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.4.1863-1869.1991","article-title":"Molecular basis of viral persistence: a single amino acid change in the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is associated with suppression of the antiviral cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response and establishment of persistence","volume":"65","author":"Salvato","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.192.9.1249","article-title":"Immunosuppression and resultant viral persistence by specific viral targeting of dendritic cells","volume":"192","author":"Sevilla","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI20243","article-title":"Viral targeting of hematopoietic progenitors and inhibition of DC maturation as a dual strategy for immune subversion","volume":"113","author":"Sevilla","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.1.448-457.2001","article-title":"Differences in affinity of binding of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strains to the cellular receptor alpha-dystroglycan correlate with viral tropism and disease kinetics","volume":"75","author":"Smelt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.5140-5146.2002","article-title":"New World arenavirus clade C, but not clade A and B viruses, utilizes alpha-dystroglycan as its major receptor","volume":"76","author":"Spiropoulou","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.06.015","article-title":"Cell-intrinsic transforming growth factor-beta signaling mediates virus-specific CD8+ T cell deletion and viral persistence in vivo","volume":"31","author":"Tinoco","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.81.2099.298","article-title":"A filterable virus recovered from white mice","volume":"81","author":"Traub","year":"1935","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07662","article-title":"Enhancing SIV-specific immunity in vivo by PD-1 blockade","volume":"458","author":"Velu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1180512","article-title":"O-mannosyl phosphorylation of alpha-dystroglycan is required for laminin binding","volume":"327","author":"Yoshida-Moriguchi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682210007415?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682210007415?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:09:29Z","timestamp":1758586169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682210007415"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0042682210007415"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Decoding arenavirus pathogenesis: Essential roles for alpha-dystroglycan-virus interactions and the immune response","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2010.11.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}