{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:03:35Z","timestamp":1769115815874,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,10]],"date-time":"2015-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1436486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI55607"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI55607"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI067380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI067380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN272200900018C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN272200900018C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"APHL\/CDC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,25]],"date-time":"2015-07-25T01:00:14Z","timestamp":1437786014000},"page":"79-85","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Genotype-specific variation in West Nile virus dispersal in California"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"485","author":[{"given":"Nisha K.","family":"Duggal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William K.","family":"Reisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruchi M.","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gregory D.","family":"Ebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron C.","family":"Brault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.032318-0","article-title":"North American West Nile virus genotype isolates demonstrate differential replicative capacities in response to temperature","volume":"92","author":"Andrade","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1089\/153036604773083013","article-title":"Host feeding patterns of established and potential mosquito vectors of West Nile virus in the eastern United States","volume":"4","author":"Apperson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2910","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr481","article-title":"SPREAD: spatial phylogenetic reconstruction of evolutionary dynamics","volume":"27","author":"Bielejec","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121309","article-title":"Identification of two South American strains of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from migrant birds captured on the Mississippi delta","volume":"94","author":"Calisher","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib34","first-page":"845","article-title":"Outbreak of West Nile-like viral encephalitis\u2014New York, 1999","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease C Prevention","year":"1999","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2109","article-title":"jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing","volume":"9","author":"Darriba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.07.022","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of North American West Nile virus isolates, 2001\u20132004: evidence for the emergence of a dominant genotype","volume":"342","author":"Davis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/161.3.1307","article-title":"Estimating mutation parameters, population history and genealogy simultaneously from temporally spaced sequence data","volume":"161","author":"Drummond","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mss075","article-title":"Bayesian phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7","volume":"29","author":"Drummond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3262","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003262","article-title":"Evidence for co-evolution of West Nile Virus and house sparrows in North America","volume":"8","author":"Duggal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0106","article-title":"Prevalence of West Nile virus in migratory birds during spring and fall migration","volume":"81","author":"Dusek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.493","article-title":"Genetic and phenotypic variation of West Nile virus in New York, 2000-2003","volume":"71","author":"Ebel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1109.040443","article-title":"West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes, Louisiana, 2002","volume":"11","author":"Godsey","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/syq010","article-title":"New algorithms and methods to estimate maximum-likelihood phylogenies: assessing the performance of PhyML 3.0","volume":"59","author":"Guindon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib7","unstructured":"Hom A.M.L., Kramer V.L., Cahoon B., Glaser C., Cossen C., Baylis E., Jean C., Tu E., Eldridge B.F., Carney R., Padgett K., Sun B., Reisen W.K., Woods L., Husted S. 2005. Surveillance for mosquito-borne encephalitis virus activity and human disease, including West Nile virus, in California, 2004. In: Proceedings of the Mosquito and Vector Control Association of California 73, pp. 66\u201377."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000092","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000092","article-title":"Temperature, viral genetics, and the transmission of West Nile virus by Culex pipiens mosquitoes","volume":"4","author":"Kilpatrick","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82299-0","article-title":"Avian virulence and thermostable replication of the North American strain of West Nile virus","volume":"87","author":"Kinney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0903.020628","article-title":"Experimental infection of North American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus","volume":"9","author":"Komar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1154","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0040","article-title":"Population genetic and admixture analyses of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) populations in California, United States","volume":"89","author":"Kothera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121181","article-title":"Further evidence of southward transport of arboviruses by migratory birds","volume":"92","author":"Lord","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks794","article-title":"Complete viral RNA genome sequencing of ultra-low copy samples by sequence-independent amplification","volume":"41","author":"Malboeuf","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101707","article-title":"Evolution of new genotype of West Nile virus in North America","volume":"17","author":"McMullen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib33","unstructured":"Miller M.A., Pfeiffer, W., Schwartz, T. 2010, Proceedings of the Gateway Computing Environments Workshop (GCE), New Orleans, LA. pp. 1\u20138."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msn090","article-title":"Smooth skyride through a rough skyline: Bayesian coalescent-based inference of population dynamics","volume":"25","author":"Minin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.365","article-title":"A newly emergent genotype of West Nile virus is transmitted earlier and more efficiently by Culex mosquitoes","volume":"77","author":"Moudy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1603\/ME12280","article-title":"Overwintering biology of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes in the Sacramento Valley of California","volume":"50","author":"Nelms","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1206598109","article-title":"Unifying the spatial epidemiology and molecular evolution of emerging epidemics","volume":"109","author":"Pybus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rappole J.H., Hubalek Z. 2003. Migratory birds and West Nile virus. J. Appl. Microbiol. 94 Suppl:47S-58S.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.94.s1.6.x"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.128","article-title":"Modeling movement of West Nile virus in the Western hemisphere","volume":"6","author":"Rappole","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1008.040077","article-title":"West Nile virus in California","volume":"10","author":"Reisen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2005)042[0367:AHAMDC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Avian host and mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) vector competence determine the efficiency of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis virus transmission","volume":"42","author":"Reisen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/43.2.344","article-title":"Overwintering of West Nile virus in Southern California","volume":"43","author":"Reisen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0200","article-title":"Migratory birds and the dispersal of arboviruses in California","volume":"83","author":"Reisen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1097","article-title":"Chronic infections of West Nile virus detected in California dead birds","volume":"13","author":"Reisen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75","article-title":"Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using clustal omega","volume":"7","author":"Sievers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.413","article-title":"Potential for New York mosquitoes to transmit West Nile virus","volume":"62","author":"Turell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-294X.2010.04577.x","article-title":"Population genetic data suggest a role for mosquito-mediated dispersal of West Nile virus across the western United States","volume":"19","author":"Venkatesan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-475","article-title":"De novo assembly of highly diverse viral populations","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Genom."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004268221500313X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S004268221500313X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:31:23Z","timestamp":1758587483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S004268221500313X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S004268221500313X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Genotype-specific variation in West Nile virus dispersal in California","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}