{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T08:26:15Z","timestamp":1789806375341,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,29]],"date-time":"2016-06-29T00:33:11Z","timestamp":1467160391000},"page":"237-243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Virus fitness differences observed between two naturally occurring isolates of Ebola virus Makona variant using a reverse genetics approach"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"496","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9sar G.","family":"Albari\u00f1o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa Wiggleton","family":"Guerrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayan K.","family":"Chakrabarti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus H.","family":"Kainulainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon L.M.","family":"Whitmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Welch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart T.","family":"Nichol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.06.013","article-title":"Development of a reverse genetics system to generate a recombinant Ebola virus Makona expressing a green fluorescent protein","volume":"484","author":"Albari\u00f1o","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.02.002","article-title":"Sequence variability in viral genome non-coding regions likely contribute to observed differences in viral replication amongst MARV strains","volume":"440","author":"Alonso","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1404505","article-title":"Emergence of Zaire Ebola virus disease in Guinea","volume":"371","author":"Baize","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172705","article-title":"Discovery of swine as a host for the Reston Ebolavirus","volume":"325","author":"Barrette","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11165","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.461285","article-title":"Phosphorylation of Ebola virus VP30 influences the composition of the viral nucleocapsid complex: impact on viral transcription and replication","volume":"288","author":"Biedenkopf","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1898","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02341-15","article-title":"Transcriptional regulation in Ebola virus: effects of gene border structure and regulatory elements on gene expression and polymerase scanning behavior","volume":"90","author":"Brauburger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14594","article-title":"Temporal and spatial analysis of the 2014\u20132015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa","volume":"524","author":"Carroll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015. Update: Ebola virus disease epidemic - West Africa, February 2015. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 64, pp. 186\u2013187."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016. 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa - case counts (March 24, 2016). Available at \u3008http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/outbreaks\/2014-west-africa\/case-counts.html\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib10","unstructured":"Chevalier, M.S., Chung, W., Smith, J., Weil, L.M., Hughes, S.M., Joyner, S.N., Hall, E., Srinath, D., Ritch, J., Thathiah, P., Threadgill, H., Cervantes, D., Lakey, D.L., 2014. Ebola virus disease cluster in the United States \u2013 Dallas County, Texas, 2014. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 63, pp. 1087\u20131088."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8000","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9000","article-title":"Assessing the contribution of interferon antagonism to the virulence of West African Ebola viruses","volume":"6","author":"Dunham","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib12","series-title":"Fields Virology","first-page":"923","article-title":"Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola viruses","author":"Feldmann","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.067199-0","article-title":"The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa","volume":"95","author":"Gatherer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1259657","article-title":"Genomic surveillance elucidates Ebola virus origin and transmission during the 2014 outbreak","volume":"345","author":"Gire","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606730104","article-title":"Crystal structure of the C-terminal domain of Ebola virus VP30 reveals a role in transcription and nucleocapsid association","volume":"104","author":"Hartlieb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa5646","article-title":"Mutation rate and genotype variation of Ebola virus from Mali case sequences","volume":"348","author":"Hoenen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6108","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.100133697","article-title":"A DNA transfection system for generation of influenza A virus eight plasmids","volume":"97","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139001","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139001","article-title":"Structural analysis of monomeric RNA-dependent polymerases: evolutionary and therapeutic implications","volume":"10","author":"Jacome","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)90737-P","article-title":"Preliminary report: isolation of Ebola virus from monkeys imported to USA","volume":"335","author":"Jahrling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02227-14","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential impact of Ebola virus genomic drift on the efficacy of sequence-based candidate therapeutics","volume":"6","author":"Kugelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2107.150522","article-title":"Monitoring of Ebola virus Makona evolution through establishment of advanced genomic capability in Liberia","volume":"21","author":"Kugelman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhn, J.H., Andersen, K.G., Baize, S., Bao, Y., Bavari, S., Berthet, N., Blinkova, O., Brister, J.R., Clawson, A.N., Fair, J., Gabriel, M., Garry, R.F., Gire, S.K., Goba, A., Gonzalez, J.P., Gunther, S., Happi, C.T., Jahrling, P.B., Kapetshi, J., Kobinger, G., Kugelman, J.R., Leroy, E.M., Maganga, G.D., Mbala, P.K., Moses, L.M., Muyembe-Tamfum, J.J., N'Faly, M., Nichol, S.T., Omilabu, S.A., Palacios, G., Park, D.J., Paweska, J.T., Radoshitzky, S.R., Rossi, C.A., Sabeti, P.C., Schieffelin, J.S., Schoepp, R.J., Sealfon, R., Swanepoel, R., Towner, J.S., Wada, J., Wauquier, N., Yozwiak, N.L., Formenty, P., 2014. Nomenclature- and database-compatible names for the two Ebola virus variants that emerged in Guinea and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2014. Viruses 6, pp. 4760\u20134799.","DOI":"10.3390\/v6114760"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.11.008","article-title":"Evolution and spread of Ebola virus in Liberia, 2014\u20132015","volume":"18","author":"Ladner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03535.x","article-title":"Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fever viruses: major scientific advances, but a relatively minor public health threat for Africa","volume":"17","author":"Leroy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0530","article-title":"Characteristics and clinical management of a cluster of 3 patients with Ebola virus disease, including the first domestically acquired cases in the United States","volume":"163","author":"Liddell","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Intern Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409838","article-title":"Clinical care of two patients with Ebola virus disease in the United States","volume":"371","author":"Lyon","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12569","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01395-08","article-title":"Role of Ebola virus VP30 in transcription reinitiation","volume":"82","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S934","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir320","article-title":"Role of VP30 phosphorylation in the Ebola virus replication cycle","volume":"204","author":"Martinez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S115","DOI":"10.1086\/514314","article-title":"Epidemiology of Ebola (subtype Reston) virus in the Philippines, 1996","volume":"179","author":"Miranda","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.2217\/17460794.2.2.205","article-title":"Filovirus replication and transcription","volume":"2","author":"M\u00fchlberger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Future Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.06.007","article-title":"Ebola virus epidemiology, transmission, and evolution during seven months in Sierra Leone","volume":"161","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S108","DOI":"10.1086\/514303","article-title":"Ebola (subtype Reston) virus among quarantined nonhuman primates recently imported from the Philippines to the United States","volume":"179","author":"Rollin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2015.01.014","article-title":"Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fever","volume":"64","author":"Rougeron","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14490","article-title":"Genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of Ebola virus in Sierra Leone","volume":"524","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.03.018","article-title":"High-throughput, luciferase-based reverse genetics systems for identifying inhibitors of Marburg and Ebola viruses","volume":"106","author":"Uebelhoer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-2-355","article-title":"Characterization of the L gene and 5\u2032 trailer region of Ebola virus","volume":"80","author":"Volchkov","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011_bib38","unstructured":"WHO, 2016. Ebola Situation Report \u221216 March 2016. Avaliable at \u3008http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-16-march-2016\u3009."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682216301520?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682216301520?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:38:41Z","timestamp":1758587921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682216301520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0042682216301520"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Virus fitness differences observed between two naturally occurring isolates of Ebola virus Makona variant using a reverse genetics approach","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2016.06.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}