{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:18:35Z","timestamp":1790381915732,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,1]],"date-time":"2018-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1535760000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006933","name":"Albright College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI110542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI110542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006933","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009139","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,15]],"date-time":"2017-07-15T09:36:14Z","timestamp":1500111374000},"page":"98-111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ectromelia virus accumulates less double-stranded RNA compared to vaccinia virus in BS-C-1 cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"509","author":[{"given":"Tiffany R.","family":"Frey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael H.","family":"Lehmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colton M.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie C.","family":"Pizzorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Sutter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Hersperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100335","article-title":"Bleach gel: a simple agarose gel for analyzing RNA quality","volume":"33","author":"Aranda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.07.016","article-title":"Monkeypox virus induces the synthesis of less dsRNA than vaccinia virus, and is more resistant to the anti-poxvirus drug, IBT, than vaccinia virus","volume":"497","author":"Arndt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1256","article-title":"Temperature-sensitive mutants in the vaccinia virus A18R gene increase double-stranded RNA synthesis as a result of aberrant viral transcription","volume":"194","author":"Bayliss","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370005","article-title":"Host-range restriction of vaccinia virus E3L-specific deletion mutants","volume":"12","author":"Beattie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90158-8","article-title":"Vaccinia virus-encoded eIF-2 alpha homolog abrogates the antiviral effect of interferon","volume":"183","author":"Beattie","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355838200992318","article-title":"Determination of preferential binding sites for anti-dsRNA antibodies on double-stranded RNA by scanning force microscopy","volume":"6","author":"Bonin","year":"2000","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.30.1.365-374.1979","article-title":"Intermolecular duplexes formed from polyadenylated vaccinia virus RNA","volume":"30","author":"Boone","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.2.850-856.2001","article-title":"Both carboxy- and amino-terminal domains of the vaccinia virus interferon resistance gene, E3L, are required for pathogenesis in a mouse model","volume":"75","author":"Brandt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.12.002","article-title":"A survey of host range genes in poxvirus genomes","volume":"14","author":"Bratke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra020025","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of smallpox","volume":"346","author":"Breman","year":"2002","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004002","article-title":"Adaptive gene amplification as an intermediate step in the expansion of virus host range","volume":"10","author":"Brennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18942-0","article-title":"Vaccinia virus transcription","volume":"84","author":"Broyles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.55.1.80-122.1991","article-title":"Poxvirus pathogenesis","volume":"55","author":"Buller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.02.003","article-title":"Cellular 5\u201c\u20133\u2033 mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses","volume":"17","author":"Burgess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)31463-7","article-title":"Recombinant vaccinia virus K3L gene product prevents activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent, initiation factor 2 alpha-specific protein kinase","volume":"268","author":"Carroll","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1292","article-title":"Identification of a conserved motif that is necessary for binding of the vaccinia virus E3L gene products to double-stranded RNA","volume":"194","author":"Chang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.11.4825","article-title":"The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"89","author":"Chang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00520-8","article-title":"The genomic sequence of ectromelia virus, the causative agent of mousepox","volume":"317","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90445-U","article-title":"Restricted replication of ectromelia virus in cell culture correlates with mutations in virus-encoded host range gene","volume":"187","author":"Chen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/222940a0","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA in vaccinia virus infected cells","volume":"222","author":"Colby","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.7.1.71-76.1971","article-title":"Mechanism of synthesis of vaccinia virus double-stranded ribonucleic acid in vivo and in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Colby","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(81)90150-1","article-title":"Isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of vaccinia virus","volume":"113","author":"Condit","year":"1981","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.02.016","article-title":"A targeted approach to identification of vaccinia virus postreplicative transcription elongation factors: genetic evidence for a role of the H5R gene in vaccinia transcription","volume":"363","author":"Cresawn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.02.005","article-title":"Mapping and phenotypic analysis of spontaneous isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone resistant mutants of vaccinia virus","volume":"363","author":"Cresawn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.4.1943-1950.1992","article-title":"The vaccinia virus K3L gene product potentiates translation by inhibiting double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2","volume":"66","author":"Davies","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.64.1.396","article-title":"On the biosynthesis and structure of double-stranded RNA in vaccinia virus-infected cells","volume":"64","author":"Duesberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib27","article-title":"Preparation of cell cultures and vaccinia virus stocks","author":"Earl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr. Protoc. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81090-0","article-title":"Ectromelia virus: the causative agent of mousepox","volume":"86","author":"Esteban","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040030","article-title":"A role for NKG2D in NK cell-mediated resistance to poxvirus disease","volume":"4","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1947.39","article-title":"Studies in infectious ectromelia in mice; natural transmission; the portal of entry of the virus","volume":"25","author":"Fenner","year":"1947","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.506","article-title":"Classic paper: Fenner on the exanthemata","volume":"16","author":"Fenner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19565-0","article-title":"Poxvirus genomes: a phylogenetic analysis","volume":"85","author":"Gubser","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.10.014","article-title":"Poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence","volume":"21","author":"Haller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0119189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119189","article-title":"Ectopic expression of vaccinia virus E3 and K3 cannot rescue ectromelia virus replication in rabbit RK13 cells","volume":"10","author":"Hand","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6974","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0431131100","article-title":"A role for Z-DNA binding in vaccinia virus pathogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.10.014","article-title":"Inhibition of PKR by RNA and DNA viruses","volume":"119","author":"Langland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2004.03.012","article-title":"Inhibition of PKR by vaccinia virus: role of the N- and C-terminal domains of E3L","volume":"324","author":"Langland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(01)00178-X","article-title":"Constitutive expression of MCP-1 and RANTES in the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937","volume":"76","author":"Lehmann","year":"2001","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib39","article-title":"Opposing roles of double-stranded RNA effector pathways and viral defense proteins revealed with CRISPR\/Cas9 knock-out cell lines and vaccinia virus mutants","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81623-0","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-binding protein E3 controls translation of viral intermediate RNA, marking an essential step in the life cycle of modified vaccinia virus Ankara","volume":"87","author":"Ludwig","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06636-11","article-title":"Loss of cytoskeletal transport during egress critically attenuates ectromelia virus infection in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Lynn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12280","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05505-11","article-title":"Comparative analysis of poxvirus orthologues of the vaccinia virus E3 protein: modulation of protein kinase R activity, cytokine responses, and virus pathogenicity","volume":"85","author":"Myskiw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12921","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505180102","article-title":"Interferon function is not required for recovery from a secondary poxvirus infection","volume":"102","author":"Panchanathan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.015","article-title":"Mousepox in the C57BL\/6 strain provides an improved model for evaluating anti-poxvirus therapies","volume":"385","author":"Parker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10840","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01524-14","article-title":"Chemokine (C-C Motif) receptor 1 is required for efficient recruitment of neutrophils during respiratory infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara","volume":"88","author":"Price","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44858","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408167200","article-title":"An isatin-beta-thiosemicarbazone-resistant vaccinia virus containing a mutation in the second largest subunit of the viral RNA polymerase is defective in transcription elongation","volume":"279","author":"Prins","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2144\/97233st02","article-title":"Design and testing of beta-actin primers for RT-PCR that do not co-amplify processed pseudogenes","author":"Raff","year":"1997","journal-title":"BioTechniques"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003465","article-title":"Myxoma virus protein M029 is a dual function immunomodulator that inhibits PKR and also conscripts RHA\/DHX9 to promote expanded host tropism and viral replication","volume":"9","author":"Rahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.47.3.529-539.1983","article-title":"Vaccinia virus induces cellular mRNA degradation","volume":"47","author":"Rice","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9072","article-title":"Vaccinia virus E3L protein is an inhibitor of the interferon (i.f.n.)-induced 2-5A synthetase enzyme","volume":"243","author":"Rivas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.1.306-313.2006","article-title":"Characterization of the vaccinia virus A35R protein and its role in virulence","volume":"80","author":"Roper","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1529","article-title":"Rapid evolution of protein kinase PKR alters sensitivity to viral inhibitors","volume":"16","author":"Rothenburg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/19.11.2993","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded RNA as probes of RNA structure in crude nucleic acid extracts","volume":"19","author":"Sch\u00f6nborn","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141049","article-title":"Poxviruses and immune evasion","volume":"21","author":"Seet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3553","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.7.3553-3560.2004","article-title":"The vaccinia virus K1L gene product inhibits host NF-kappaB activation by preventing IkappaBalpha degradation","volume":"78","author":"Shisler","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10078","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01150-14","article-title":"Impact of distinct poxvirus infections on the specificities and functionalities of CD4 + T cell responses","volume":"88","author":"Siciliano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.46.3.1051-1055.1983","article-title":"rRNA cleavage as an index of ppp(A2'p)nA activity in interferon-treated encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells","volume":"46","author":"Silverman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.3.1124-1134.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of Interferons by ectromelia virus","volume":"76","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.3.1124-1134.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of interferons by ectromelia virus","volume":"76","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90768-7","article-title":"Characterization of a vaccinia virus-encoded double-stranded RNA-binding protein that may be involved in inhibition of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"185","author":"Watson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.10.5059-5064.2006","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses","volume":"80","author":"Weber","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7765","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.194704","article-title":"Viral double-stranded RNAs from vaccinia virus early or intermediate gene transcripts possess PKR activating function, resulting in NF-kappaB activation, when the K1 protein is absent or mutated","volume":"286","author":"Willis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.7.1571","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA cleavage, nuclease activation and 2-5A(ppp(A2'p)nA) in interferon-treated cells","volume":"9","author":"Wreschner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.5251-5259.2002","article-title":"Blockade of interferon induction and action by the E3L double-stranded RNA binding proteins of vaccinia virus","volume":"76","author":"Xiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0242","article-title":"Transcription elongation activity of the vaccinia virus J3 protein in vivo is independent of poly(A) polymerase stimulation","volume":"269","author":"Xiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7012","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7012-7023.1998","article-title":"The vaccinia virus A18R DNA helicase is a postreplicative negative transcription elongation factor","volume":"72","author":"Xiang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071854","article-title":"The orthopoxvirus type I IFN binding protein is essential for virulence and an effective target for vaccination","volume":"205","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9899","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05446-11","article-title":"Expression profiling of the intermediate and late stages of poxvirus replication","volume":"85","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01891-07","article-title":"Loss of protein kinase PKR expression in human HeLa cells complements the vaccinia virus E3L deletion mutant phenotype by restoration of viral protein synthesis","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682217301873?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682217301873?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:43:12Z","timestamp":1758588192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682217301873"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["S0042682217301873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ectromelia virus accumulates less double-stranded RNA compared to vaccinia virus in BS-C-1 cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}