{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T18:12:45Z","timestamp":1778350365022,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006933","name":"Albright College","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006933","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI110542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI110542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T13:23:38Z","timestamp":1522157018000},"page":"335-348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Ectromelia virus lacking the E3L ortholog is replication-defective and nonpathogenic but does induce protective immunity in a mouse strain susceptible to lethal mousepox"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"518","author":[{"given":"Tiffany R.","family":"Frey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine S.","family":"Forsyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maura M.","family":"Sheehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian C.","family":"De Haven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia G.","family":"Pevarnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin S.","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie C.","family":"Pizzorno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurence C.","family":"Eisenlohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam R.","family":"Hersperger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201100335","article-title":"Bleach gel: a simple agarose gel for analyzing RNA quality","volume":"33","author":"Aranda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2016.07.016","article-title":"Monkeypox virus induces the synthesis of less dsRNA than vaccinia virus, and is more resistant to the anti-poxvirus drug, IBT, than vaccinia virus","volume":"497","author":"Arndt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711573105","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of a complete poxvirus transcriptome reveals an immediate-early class of genes","volume":"105","author":"Assarsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.1.499-505.1995","article-title":"Reversal of the interferon-sensitive phenotype of a vaccinia virus lacking E3L by expression of the reovirus S4 gene","volume":"69","author":"Beattie","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00370005","article-title":"Host-range restriction of vaccinia virus E3L-specific deletion mutants","volume":"12","author":"Beattie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.30.1.365-374.1979","article-title":"Intermolecular duplexes formed from polyadenylylated vaccinia virus RNA","volume":"30","author":"Boone","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.2.850-856.2001","article-title":"Both carboxy- and amino-terminal domains of the vaccinia virus interferon resistance gene, E3L, are required for pathogenesis in a mouse model","volume":"75","author":"Brandt","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.12.002","article-title":"A survey of host range genes in poxvirus genomes","volume":"14","author":"Bratke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00542","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00542-17","article-title":"Deletion of the K1L gene results in a vaccinia virus that is less pathogenic due to muted innate immune responses, yet still elicits protective immunity","volume":"91","author":"Bravo Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004002","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004002","article-title":"Adaptive gene amplification as an intermediate step in the expansion of virus host range","volume":"10","author":"Brennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18942-0","article-title":"Vaccinia virus transcription","volume":"84","author":"Broyles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib12","first-page":"319","article-title":"Variable resistance to ectromelia (mousepox) virus among genera of Mus","volume":"127","author":"Buller","year":"1986","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.02.003","article-title":"Cellular 5'\u22123' mRNA exonuclease Xrn1 controls double-stranded RNA accumulation and anti-viral responses","volume":"17","author":"Burgess","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2010.0120","article-title":"New insights into the role of RNase L in innate immunity","volume":"31","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Interferon Cytokine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1292","article-title":"Identification of a conserved motif that is necessary for binding of the vaccinia virus E3L gene products to double-stranded RNA","volume":"194","author":"Chang","year":"1993","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6605","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.10.6605-6608.1995","article-title":"Rescue of vaccinia virus lacking the E3L gene by mutants of E3L","volume":"69","author":"Chang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.11.4825","article-title":"The E3L gene of vaccinia virus encodes an inhibitor of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"89","author":"Chang","year":"1992","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00520-8","article-title":"The genomic sequence of ectromelia virus, the causative agent of mousepox","volume":"317","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/222940a0","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA in vaccinia virus infected cells","volume":"222","author":"Colby","year":"1969","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.7.1.71-76.1971","article-title":"Mechanism of synthesis of vaccinia virus double-stranded ribonucleic acid in vivo and in vitro","volume":"7","author":"Colby","year":"1971","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.4.1943-1950.1992","article-title":"The vaccinia virus K3L gene product potentiates translation by inhibiting double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase and phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2","volume":"66","author":"Davies","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.09.108","article-title":"The attenuated NYCBH vaccinia virus deleted for the immune evasion gene, E3L, completely protects mice against heterologous challenge with ectromelia virus","volume":"29","author":"Denzler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.64.1.396","article-title":"On the biosynthesis and structure of double-stranded RNA in vaccinia virus-infected cells","volume":"64","author":"Duesberg","year":"1969","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2645","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81090-0","article-title":"Ectromelia virus: the causative agent of mousepox","volume":"86","author":"Esteban","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040030","article-title":"A role for NKG2D in NK cell-mediated resistance to poxvirus disease","volume":"4","author":"Fang","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8027","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.11.8027","article-title":"Direct CD28 costimulation is required for CD8+ T cell-mediated resistance to an acute viral disease in a natural host","volume":"177","author":"Fang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.1947.39","article-title":"Studies in infectious ectromelia in mice; natural transmission; the portal of entry of the virus","volume":"25","author":"Fenner","year":"1947","journal-title":"Aust. J. Exp. Biol. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.506","article-title":"Classic paper: fenner on the exanthemata","volume":"16","author":"Fenner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.3.4.S75","article-title":"Poxvirus-based vaccine candidates for HIV: two decades of experience with special emphasis on canarypox vectors","volume":"3","author":"Franchini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.06.010","article-title":"Ectromelia virus accumulates less double-stranded RNA compared to vaccinia virus in BS-C-1 cells","volume":"509","author":"Frey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.10.014","article-title":"Poxviruses and the evolution of host range and virulence","volume":"21","author":"Haller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0119189","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0119189","article-title":"Ectopic expression of vaccinia virus E3 and K3 cannot rescue ectromelia virus replication in rabbit RK13 cells","volume":"10","author":"Hand","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9472","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01464-14","article-title":"Epithelial immunization induces polyfunctional CD8+ T cells and optimal mousepox protection","volume":"88","author":"Hersperger","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7298","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00038-12","article-title":"Comparable polyfunctionality of ectromelia virus- and vaccinia virus-specific murine T cells despite markedly different in vivo replication and pathogenicity","volume":"86","author":"Hersperger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8394","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.15.8394-8407.2003","article-title":"Replication of modified vaccinia virus ankara in primary chicken embryo fibroblasts requires expression of the interferon resistance gene E3L","volume":"77","author":"Hornemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.06.006","article-title":"Vaccinia virus vaccines: past, present and future","volume":"84","author":"Jacobs","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.03.044","article-title":"Vaccinia viruses with mutations in the E3L gene as potential replication-competent, attenuated vaccines: scarification vaccination","volume":"26","author":"Jentarra","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26319","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.253443","article-title":"Inhibition of RNase L and RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) by sunitinib impairs antiviral innate immunity","volume":"286","author":"Jha","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2004.00423.x","article-title":"Technical knockout: understanding poxvirus pathogenesis by selectively deleting viral immunomodulatory genes","volume":"6","author":"Johnston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6974","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0431131100","article-title":"A role for Z-DNA binding in vaccinia virus pathogenesis","volume":"100","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.10.014","article-title":"Inhibition of PKR by RNA and DNA viruses","volume":"119","author":"Langland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2002.1479","article-title":"The role of the PKR-inhibitory genes, E3L and K3L, in determining vaccinia virus host range","volume":"299","author":"Langland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7864","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00869-16","article-title":"Opposing roles of double-stranded RNA effector pathways and viral defense proteins revealed with CRISPR-Cas9 knockout cell lines and vaccinia virus mutants","volume":"90","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81623-0","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA-binding protein E3 controls translation of viral intermediate RNA, marking an essential step in the life cycle of modified vaccinia virus Ankara","volume":"87","author":"Ludwig","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7427","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06636-11","article-title":"Loss of cytoskeletal transport during egress critically attenuates ectromelia virus infection in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Lynn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3958","article-title":"Endogenous antigen processing drives the primary CD4+ T cell response to influenza","volume":"21","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12280","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.05505-11","article-title":"Comparative analysis of poxvirus orthologues of the vaccinia virus E3 protein: modulation of protein kinase R activity, cytokine responses, and virus pathogenicity","volume":"85","author":"Myskiw","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib48","first-page":"65","article-title":"Safe and effective poxvirus vectors--NYVAC and ALVAC","volume":"82","author":"Paoletti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Dev. Biol. Stand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2004.11.004","article-title":"eIF2 and the control of cell physiology","volume":"16","author":"Proud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003465","article-title":"Myxoma virus Protein M029 is a dual function immunomodulator that inhibits PKR and also conscripts RHA\/DHX9 to promote expanded host tropism and viral replication","volume":"9","author":"Rahman","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9072","article-title":"Vaccinia virus E3L protein is an inhibitor of the interferon (i.f.n.)-induced 2-5A synthetase enzyme","volume":"243","author":"Rivas","year":"1998","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.07.009","article-title":"Vaccinia virus morphogenesis and dissemination","volume":"16","author":"Roberts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.56.3.830-838.1985","article-title":"Transcriptional and translational mapping and nucleotide sequence analysis of a vaccinia virus gene encoding the precursor of the major core polypeptide 4b","volume":"56","author":"Rosel","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141049","article-title":"Poxviruses and immune evasion","volume":"21","author":"Seet","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10078","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01150-14","article-title":"Impact of distinct poxvirus infections on the specificities and functionalities of CD4+ T cell responses","volume":"88","author":"Siciliano","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.46.3.1051-1055.1983","article-title":"rRNA cleavage as an index of ppp(A2'p)nA activity in interferon-treated encephalomyocarditis virus-infected cells","volume":"46","author":"Silverman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.3.1124-1134.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of interferons by ectromelia virus","volume":"76","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-8-1953","article-title":"A study of the vaccinia virus interferon-gamma receptor and its contribution to virus virulence","volume":"83","author":"Symons","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041912","article-title":"Identification of poxvirus CD8+ T cell determinants to enable rational design and characterization of smallpox vaccines","volume":"201","author":"Tscharke","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/v10010021","article-title":"E3L and F1L gene functions modulate the protective capacity of modified vaccinia virus ankara immunization in murine model of human smallpox","volume":"10","author":"Volz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3487","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03224.x","article-title":"Derepression of a novel class of vaccinia virus genes upon DNA replication","volume":"7","author":"Vos","year":"1988","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(91)90768-7","article-title":"Characterization of a vaccinia virus-encoded double-stranded RNA-binding protein that may be involved in inhibition of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase","volume":"185","author":"Watson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.05.012","article-title":"The identification and characterization of a monoclonal antibody to the vaccinia virus E3 protein","volume":"130","author":"Weaver","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5059","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.10.5059-5064.2006","article-title":"Double-stranded RNA is produced by positive-strand RNA viruses and DNA viruses but not in detectable amounts by negative-strand RNA viruses","volume":"80","author":"Weber","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7765","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.194704","article-title":"Viral double-stranded RNAs from vaccinia virus early or intermediate gene transcripts possess PKR activating function, resulting in NF-kappaB activation, when the K1 protein is absent or mutated","volume":"286","author":"Willis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/9.7.1571","article-title":"Ribosomal RNA cleavage, nuclease activation and 2-5A(ppp(A2'p)nA) in interferon-treated cells","volume":"9","author":"Wreschner","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5251","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.5251-5259.2002","article-title":"Blockade of interferon induction and action by the E3L double-stranded RNA binding proteins of vaccinia virus","volume":"76","author":"Xiang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0242","article-title":"Transcription elongation activity of the vaccinia virus J3 protein in vivo is independent of poly(A) polymerase stimulation","volume":"269","author":"Xiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7012","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.9.7012-7023.1998","article-title":"The vaccinia virus A18R DNA helicase is a postreplicative negative transcription elongation factor","volume":"72","author":"Xiang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071854","article-title":"The orthopoxvirus type I IFN binding protein is essential for virulence and an effective target for vaccination","volume":"205","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.09.007","article-title":"Cascade regulation of vaccinia virus gene expression is modulated by multistage promoters","volume":"447","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01891-07","article-title":"Loss of protein kinase PKR expression in human HeLa cells complements the vaccinia virus E3L deletion mutant phenotype by restoration of viral protein synthesis","volume":"82","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8192","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00426-07","article-title":"Protein kinase PKR plays a stimulus- and virus-dependent role in apoptotic death and virus multiplication in human cells","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.9738","article-title":"Interferon action in triply deficient mice reveals the existence of alternative antiviral pathways","volume":"258","author":"Zhou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Virology"}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682218300965?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682218300965?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:49:29Z","timestamp":1758588569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682218300965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["S0042682218300965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Ectromelia virus lacking the E3L ortholog is replication-defective and nonpathogenic but does induce protective immunity in a mouse strain susceptible to lethal mousepox","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2018.03.016","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}