{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T01:17:01Z","timestamp":1791422221015,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1574899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014189","name":"Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014189","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008771","name":"Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008771","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,15]],"date-time":"2019-11-15T07:58:52Z","timestamp":1573804732000},"page":"172-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Field porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) attenuated by codon pair deoptimization (CPD) in NSP1 protected pigs from heterologous challenge"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"540","author":[{"given":"Changhoon","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Hyuk","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun Hee","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chanhee","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Su-Hwa","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang-Ho","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.669","article-title":"2000 Report of the AVMA panel on euthanasia","volume":"218","author":"Beaver","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1297-9686-46-18","article-title":"Genome-wide association and genomic prediction for host response to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection","volume":"46","author":"Boddicker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genet. Sel. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.000104","article-title":"Evolutionary diversification of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"96","author":"Brar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1135(94)90122-8","article-title":"Isolation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus in a Danish swine herd and experimental infection of pregnant gilts with the virus","volume":"40","author":"B\u00f8tner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.05.007","article-title":"Molecular characterization of recent Korean porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) viruses and comparison to other Asian PRRS viruses","volume":"117","author":"Cha","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4750","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.10.4750-4763.2002","article-title":"Evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during sequential passages in pigs","volume":"76","author":"Chang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib7","series-title":"Pigs that recover from porcine reproduction and respiratory syndrome virus infection develop cytotoxic CD4+CD8+ and CD4+CD8- T-cells that kill virus infected cells. PloS one 13, e0203482","author":"Chung","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2004.10.003","article-title":"Real-time PCR for quantitation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2 in naturally-infected and challenged pigs","volume":"124","author":"Chung","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155761","article-title":"Virus attenuation by genome-scale changes in codon pair bias","volume":"320","author":"Coleman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400201","article-title":"Isolation of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North American and experimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pigs","volume":"4","author":"Collins","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2005.01.005","article-title":"Use of ELISPOT and ELISA to evaluate IFN-gamma, IL-10 and IL-4 responses in conventional pigs","volume":"106","author":"Diaz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.09.049","article-title":"A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus candidate vaccine based on the synthetic attenuated virus engineering approach is attenuated and effective in protecting against homologous virus challenge","volume":"34","author":"Evenson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2015.07.012","article-title":"HP-PRRSV is attenuated by de-optimization of codon pair bias in its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp9 gene","volume":"485","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1177\/030098589503200606","article-title":"Comparison of the pathogenicity of two US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates with that of the Lelystad virus","volume":"32","author":"Halbur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879600800103","article-title":"Comparative pathogenicity of nine US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in a five-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrums-deprived pig model","volume":"8","author":"Halbur","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712446507","volume":"24","author":"Han","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.12.012","article-title":"Degradation of CREB-binding protein and modulation of type I interferon induction by the zinc finger motif of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1\u03b1 subunit","volume":"172","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi089","article-title":"The origin and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses","volume":"22","author":"Hanada","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01911","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01911-16","article-title":"Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus nsp1\u03b1 inhibits NF-\u03baB activation by targeting the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex","volume":"91","author":"Jing","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-018-1480-6","article-title":"Geographic distribution and molecular analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses circulating in swine farms in the Republic of Korea between 2013 and 2016","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.07.030","article-title":"Identification of virulence determinants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus through construction of chimeric clones","volume":"380","author":"Kwon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13169","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1411290111","article-title":"Attenuation of human respiratory syncytial virus by genome-scale codon-pair deoptimization","volume":"111","author":"Le Nouen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3584","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03069-15","article-title":"Mutations in a highly conserved Motif of nsp1\u03b2 protein attenuate the innate immune suppression function of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"90","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-10-78","article-title":"Changes in codon-pair bias of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 have profound effects on virus replication in cell culture","volume":"10","author":"Martrus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00009-6","article-title":"Gradual development of the interferon-gamma response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection or vaccination","volume":"309","author":"Meier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1636","article-title":"Live attenuated influenza virus vaccines by computer-aided rational design","volume":"28","author":"Mueller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600402","article-title":"Serum immune responses to the proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus","volume":"6","author":"Nelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.06.027","article-title":"Establishment of a DNA-launched infectious clone for a highly pneumovirulent strain of type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: identification and in vitro and in vivo characterization of a large spontaneous deletion in the nsp2 region","volume":"160","author":"Ni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01789-12","article-title":"Attenuation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by molecular breeding of virus envelope genes from genetically divergent strains","volume":"87","author":"Ni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.12.009","article-title":"Computer-aided codon-pairs deoptimization of the major envelope GP5 gene attenuates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus","volume":"450\u2013451","author":"Ni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-6-1263","article-title":"Reversion of a live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine investigated by parallel mutations","volume":"82","author":"Nielsen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11837","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.23.11837-11844.2002","volume":"76","author":"Opriessnig","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.05.030","article-title":"Efficacy of a new modified live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine (Fostera PRRS) against heterologous PRRSV challenge","volume":"172","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2010.08.014","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of PRRSV: a phylogenetic perspective","volume":"154","author":"Shi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-50","article-title":"SSE: a nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis platform","volume":"5","author":"Simmonds","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7040","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.12.7040-7048.1992","article-title":"The 5' end of the equine arteritis virus replicase gene encodes a papainlike cysteine protease","volume":"66","author":"Snijder","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.02.029","article-title":"Molecular evolution of PRRSV in Europe: current state of play","volume":"165","author":"Stadejek","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.4.1889","article-title":"A zinc finger-containing papain-like protease couples subgenomic mRNA synthesis to genome translation in a positive-stranded RNA virus","volume":"98","author":"Tijms","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4453","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4453-4461.2004","article-title":"Detection of U.S., Lelystad, and European-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses and relative quantitation in boar semen and serum samples by real-time PCR","volume":"42","author":"Wasilk","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1991.9694296","article-title":"Mystery swine disease in The Netherlands: the isolation of Lelystad virus","volume":"13","author":"Wensvoort","year":"1991","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050070022","article-title":"Full-length sequence of a Canadian porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolate","volume":"145","author":"Wootton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879400600326","article-title":"A modified serum neutralization test for the detection of antibody to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in swine sera","volume":"6","author":"Yoon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2007.02.009","article-title":"Assessment of the efficacy of commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines based on measurement of serologic response, frequency of gamma-IFN-producing cells and virological parameters of protection upon challenge","volume":"123","author":"Zuckermann","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019_bib44","series-title":"Whole Genome Analysis of Two Novel Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Viruses with Complex Genome Recombination between Lineage 8, 3, and 1 Strains Identified in Southwestern China. Viruses 10, 151","author":"Zhou","year":"2018"}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682219303083?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682219303083?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:51:57Z","timestamp":1758588717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682219303083"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0042682219303083"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Field porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV) attenuated by codon pair deoptimization (CPD) in NSP1 protected pigs from heterologous challenge","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2019.10.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}