{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T07:11:43Z","timestamp":1789024303326,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T07:43:46Z","timestamp":1742543026000},"page":"110506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Domestic cat hepadnavirus is detected infrequently in feline blood and liver samples submitted for diagnostic testing in Texas, USA"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"607","author":[{"given":"Min Chun","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joao P.","family":"Cavasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Van Brussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Nekouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Piccione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randi","family":"Gold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Lidbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg M.","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6520-7801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia A.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib1","series-title":"AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook","author":"American Veterinary Medical Association","year":"2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1217","article-title":"The detection and full genomic characterization of domestic cat Orthohepadnaviruses from T\u00fcrkiye","volume":"9","author":"Ad\u0131g\u00fczel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050269","article-title":"A novel hepadnavirus identified in an immunocompromised domestic cat in Australia","volume":"10","author":"Aghazadeh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2","article-title":"Basic local alignment search tool","volume":"215","author":"Altschul","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02700-0","article-title":"Molecular detection and characterisation of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus (DCH) from blood and liver tissues of cats in Malaysia","volume":"17","author":"Anpuanandam","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC. Vet. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.3390\/v16020167","article-title":"Epidemiology of pathogenic retroviruses and domestic cat hepadnavirus in community and client-owned cats in Hong Kong","volume":"16","author":"Beatty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9350","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.12.9350-9357.1997","article-title":"A short linear sequence in the pre-S domain of the large hepatitis B virus envelope protein required for virion formation","volume":"71","author":"Bruss","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.251.2.187","article-title":"Seroprevalences of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection in cats in the United States and Canada and risk factors for seropositivity","volume":"251","author":"Burling","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib9","first-page":"668","article-title":"Hepadnavirus infection in a cat with chronic liver disease: a multi-disciplinary diagnostic approach","volume":"10","author":"Capozza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/v15010150","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus: molecular epidemiology and phylogeny in cats in Hong Kong","volume":"15","author":"Capozza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib11","series-title":"European Society of Veterinary Pathology and European College of Veterinary Pathologists (ESVP\/ECVP\/ESTP) Congress","article-title":"Association between domestic cat hepadnavirus and feline hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/v16010046","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus and pathogenic retroviruses; A sero-molecular survey of cats in santiago, Chile","volume":"16","author":"Choi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840190629","article-title":"Classification of chronic hepatitis: diagnosis, grading and staging","volume":"19","author":"Desmet","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3101.240568","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus infection in iberian lynxes","volume":"31","author":"Diakoudi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W216","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab225","article-title":"Expasy, the Swiss bioinformatics resource portal, as designed by its users","volume":"49","author":"Duvaud","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2980","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14461","article-title":"Detection of antibodies against domestic cat hepadnavirus using baculovirus-expressed core protein","volume":"69","author":"Fruci","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib17","series-title":"ISCAID\/IFRRS Symposium, VIN: Portland OR","article-title":"Molecular prevalence of a novel hepadnavirus in liver samples from cats in Australia and New Zealand","author":"Hampson","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msx281","article-title":"UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast bootstrap approximation","volume":"35","author":"Hoang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12956","article-title":"Comparison of the prevalence of Domestic Cat Hepadnavirus in a population of cats with uveitis and in a healthy blood donor cat population in the United Kingdom","volume":"25","author":"Jeanes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Ophthalmol."},{"issue":"10381","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01468-4","article-title":"Hepatitis B","volume":"401","author":"Jeng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4285","article-title":"ModelFinder: fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates","volume":"14","author":"Kalyaanamoorthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/mst010","article-title":"MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability","volume":"30","author":"Katoh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47175-8","article-title":"Identification of hepadnavirus in the sera of cats","volume":"9","author":"Lanave","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W521","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae241","article-title":"The EMBL-EBI Job Dispatcher sequence analysis tools framework in 2024","volume":"52","author":"Madeira","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.001415","article-title":"ICTV virus taxonomy profile: Hepadnaviridae","volume":"101","author":"Magnius","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib26","series-title":"American College of Veterinary Pathologists and American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology","article-title":"Association of domestic cat hepadnavirus with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma","author":"Pesavento","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.3390\/v11100969","article-title":"A novel hepadnavirus is associated with chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma in cats","volume":"11","author":"Pesavento","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0241212","article-title":"Insights into the genetic diversity, recombination, and systemic infections with evidence of intracellular maturation of hepadnavirus in cats","volume":"15","author":"Piewbang","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16525","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus associated with hepatopathy in cats: a retrospective study","volume":"36","author":"Piewbang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.22-0439","article-title":"Detection of domestic cat hepadnavirus by next-generation sequencing and epidemiological survey in Japan","volume":"85","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"D1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D20","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1112","article-title":"Database resources of the national center for biotechnology information","volume":"50","author":"Sayers","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v15102128","article-title":"Genetic diversity of domestic cat hepadnavirus in southern taiwan","volume":"15","author":"Silva","year":"2023","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib33","article-title":"Prevalence of and exposure factors for infectious diseases in free-roaming cats from two Florida counties","volume":"2","author":"Stern","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Shelter. med. Community Anim. Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102091","article-title":"Prevalence and genomic sequence analysis of domestic cat hepadnavirus in the United States","volume":"14","author":"Stone","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.22-0010","article-title":"Identification of domestic cat hepadnavirus from a cat blood sample in Japan","volume":"84","author":"Takahashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar.42.2.89","article-title":"The woodchuck model of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"42","author":"Tennant","year":"2001","journal-title":"ILAR J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib37","article-title":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus genotype B is present in Southern Brazil","author":"Tessmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"issue":"W1","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W232","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw256","article-title":"W-IQ-TREE: a fast online phylogenetic tool for maximum likelihood analysis","volume":"44","author":"Trifinopoulos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp033","article-title":"Jalview Version 2\u2014a multiple sequence alignment editor and analysis workbench","volume":"25","author":"Waterhouse","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506_bib40","series-title":"Global Hepatitis Report 2024: Action for Access in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682225001199?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042682225001199?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T04:20:48Z","timestamp":1777868448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042682225001199"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0042682225001199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6822"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6822","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Domestic cat hepadnavirus is detected infrequently in feline blood and liver samples submitted for diagnostic testing in Texas, USA","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2025.110506","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110506"}}