{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:44:07Z","timestamp":1791431047414,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778630400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017958","name":"Health Commission of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WJ2021M262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WJ2021M262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023AFB221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023AFB221"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003819","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021CFA012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021CFA012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003819","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32500045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32500045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82550120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82550120"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virologica Sinica"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T03:51:33Z","timestamp":1778817093000},"page":"574-585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Age-related pharyngeal microbiome and host transcriptomic signatures underlying fever responses in RSV bronchiolitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Noman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arif","family":"Rizwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismaila Damilare","family":"Isiaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hebin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yamin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2749-3947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3693-2726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Di","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8195-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858418760481","article-title":"Neural mechanisms of inflammation-induced fever","volume":"24","author":"Blomqvist","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131927","article-title":"Olfactomedin 4 serves as a marker for disease severity in pediatric respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection","volume":"10","author":"Brand","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i884","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560","article-title":"fastp: an ultra-fast all-in-one FASTQ preprocessor","volume":"34","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13100","article-title":"Systematic literature review of the signs and symptoms of respiratory syncytial virus","volume":"17","author":"Colosia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201602-0220OC","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal microbiota, host transcriptome, and disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"194","author":"de Steenhuijsen Piters","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix519","article-title":"Host transcription profile in nasal epithelium and whole blood of hospitalized children under 2 years of age with respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"217","author":"Do","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.04107-22","article-title":"Metatranscriptome reveals specific immune and microbial signatures of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children","volume":"11","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2025.01.003","article-title":"Current antiviral therapies and promising drug candidates against respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"40","author":"Feng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4970","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32323-y","article-title":"Integrated relationship of nasopharyngeal airway host response and microbiome associates with bronchiolitis severity","volume":"13","author":"Fujiogi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0804877","article-title":"The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children","volume":"360","author":"Hall","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac137","article-title":"Clinical burden of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children aged \u2264 5 years (INSPIRE study)","volume":"226","author":"Hartmann","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00152-2016","article-title":"Association of nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles with bronchiolitis severity in infants hospitalised for bronchiolitis","volume":"48","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2019","article-title":"Impact of respiratory syncytial virus infection on host functions: implications for antiviral strategies","volume":"100","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.245.217","article-title":"Fever responses are enhanced with advancing age during respiratory syncytial virus infection among children under 24 months old","volume":"245","author":"Kawakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tohoku J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.10.014","article-title":"Innate immune function by toll-like receptors: distinct responses in newborns and the elderly","volume":"37","author":"Kollmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib17","article-title":"The respiratory microbiome is linked to the severity of RSV infections and the persistence of symptoms in children","volume":"5","author":"Kristensen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923","article-title":"Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2","volume":"9","author":"Langmead","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00478-0","article-title":"Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt656","article-title":"featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features","volume":"30","author":"Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-021-00248-3","article-title":"Integrated characterization of SARS-CoV-2 genome, microbiome, antibiotic resistance and host response from single throat swabs","volume":"7","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.104","article-title":"Bracken: estimating species abundance in metagenomics data","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PeerJ Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix400","article-title":"Association of dynamic changes in the CD4 T-Cell transcriptome with disease severity during primary respiratory syncytial virus infection in young infants","volume":"216","author":"Mariani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-016-0182-1","article-title":"The microbiota in bronchoalveolar lavage from young children with chronic lung disease includes taxa present in both the oropharynx and nasopharynx","volume":"4","author":"Marsh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00255-6","article-title":"Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus: current management and new therapeutics","volume":"3","author":"Mazur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001549","article-title":"Whole blood gene expression profiles to assess pathogenesis and disease severity in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Mejias","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30106-5","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus treatment and the respiratory microbiome","volume":"8","author":"Mejias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1533","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2214773","article-title":"Nirsevimab for prevention of RSV in term and late-preterm infants","volume":"388","author":"Muller","year":"2023","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.11.025","article-title":"Dissecting childhood asthma with nasal transcriptomics distinguishes subphenotypes of disease","volume":"133","author":"Poole","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1474","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2742","article-title":"Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of Bronchiolitis","volume":"134","author":"Ralston","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005752","article-title":"mixOmics: an R package for 'omics feature selection and multiple data integration","volume":"13","author":"Rohart","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00811-5","article-title":"Respiratory syncytial virus infection during infancy and asthma during childhood in the USA (INSPIRE): a population-based, prospective birth cohort study","volume":"401","author":"Rosas-Salazar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1194","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1501","article-title":"Apnea in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis","volume":"132","author":"Schroeder","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.02.001","article-title":"Integrated multiplex PCR and metatranscriptomics reveal upper-lower airway microbial landscapes in pediatric respiratory infections","volume":"41","author":"Wei","year":"2026","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0","article-title":"Improved metagenomic analysis with Kraken 2","volume":"20","author":"Wood","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib37","article-title":"clusterProfiler 4.0: a universal enrichment tool for interpreting omics data","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Innovation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13111133","article-title":"RSV vaccines: targeting prefusion F and G proteins from structural design to clinical application","volume":"13","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2313551","article-title":"Ziresovir in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"391","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.1507","article-title":"Single-cell immune profiling reveals markers of emergency myelopoiesis that distinguish severe from mild respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants","volume":"13","author":"Zivanovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Transl. Med."}],"container-title":["Virologica Sinica"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1995820X26000775?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1995820X26000775?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T11:27:34Z","timestamp":1785929254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1995820X26000775"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1995820X26000775"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["1995-820X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1995-820X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Age-related pharyngeal microbiome and host transcriptomic signatures underlying fever responses in RSV bronchiolitis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virologica Sinica","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virs.2026.05.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}