{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:01:04Z","timestamp":1792677664429,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,22]],"date-time":"2005-04-22T13:32:26Z","timestamp":1114176746000},"page":"68-76","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Slate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Rupprecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane A.","family":"Rooney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Donovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald H.","family":"Lein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Chipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib1","first-page":"219","article-title":"Oral wildlife rabies vaccination field trials in Europe, with recent emphasis on France","volume":"187","author":"Aubert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8096","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.8096-8104.2001","article-title":"Host switching in Lyssavirus history from the Chiroptera to the Carnivora orders","volume":"75","author":"Badrane","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121283","article-title":"Oral vaccination of foxes against rabies","volume":"93","author":"Baer","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib4","first-page":"7","article-title":"An epizootic of rabies","volume":"93","author":"Beck","year":"1984","journal-title":"Nat. Hist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a121562","article-title":"Epizootiologic aspects of raccoon rabies in Florida","volume":"98","author":"Bigler","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib6","series-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth Annual International Meeting on Research Advances and Rabies Control in the Americas","article-title":"Oral rabies vaccination of raccoons in the St. Lawrence, Niagara, and Erie regions of New York State and the Champlain region of Vermont","author":"Bigler","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib7","first-page":"269","volume":"44","year":"1994","journal-title":"Human Rabies\u2013Alabama, Tennessee, and Texas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib8","first-page":"819","article-title":"Update: adverse events following civilian smallpox vaccination\u2014United States","volume":"52","author":"CDC","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib9","first-page":"642","article-title":"Update: multistate outbreak of monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin","volume":"52","author":"CDC","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib10","first-page":"171","article-title":"Toward a professional position on the translocation of problem wildlife","volume":"26","author":"Craven","year":"1998","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1586\/14760584.2.3.399","article-title":"New approaches to the prevention and eradication of rabies","volume":"2","author":"Dietzschold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Vaccines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-39.3.746","article-title":"Population monitoring in support of a rabies vaccination program for skunks in Arizona","volume":"39","author":"Engeman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.04.498","article-title":"Results of an oral rabies vaccination program for coyotes","volume":"212","author":"Fearneyhough","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.220.27","article-title":"Cost of distributing oral raccoon rabies vaccine in Ohio: 1997\u20132000","volume":"220","author":"Foroutan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib15","series-title":"Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, vol. 27","first-page":"170","article-title":"Preliminary report on the movement and fate of raccoons released in unfamiliar territory","author":"Frampton","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0909.020608","article-title":"Skunk and raccoon rabies in the eastern United States: temporal and spatial analysis","volume":"9","author":"Guerra","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg. Inf. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib17","series-title":"The Reemergence of Rabies","first-page":"59","author":"Hanlon","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.2.228","article-title":"First North American field release of a vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus","volume":"34","author":"Hanlon","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.09.1276","article-title":"Special series\u2014recommendations of a national working group on prevention and control of rabies in the United States. Article I. Prevention and education regarding rabies in human beings","volume":"215","author":"Hanlon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.10.1444","article-title":"Special series\u2014recommendations of a national working group on prevention and control of rabies in the United States. Article II. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies","volume":"215","author":"Hanlon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1999.215.11.1612","article-title":"Special series\u2014recommendations of a national working group on prevention and control of rabies in the United States. Article III. Rabies in wildlife","volume":"215","author":"Hanlon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.1.299-306.2004","article-title":"Evaluation of a TaqMan PCR assay to detect rabies virus RNA: influence of sequence variation and application to quantification of viral loads","volume":"42","author":"Hughes","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib23","series-title":"Human Conflicts with Wildlife: Economic Considerations","first-page":"109","article-title":"Economic analysis of a large-scale oral vaccination program to control raccoon rabies","author":"Kemere","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1995.207.12.1562","article-title":"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 1994","volume":"207","author":"Krebs","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00124784-199809000-00009","article-title":"Causes, costs, and estimates of rabies postexposure prophylaxis treatments in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Krebs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Public Health Manage. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2002.221.1690","article-title":"Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2001","volume":"221","author":"Krebs","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib27","first-page":"1156","article-title":"Wildlife management agencies should participate in rabies control","volume":"28","author":"MacInnes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Wildl. Soc. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.1.119","article-title":"Elimination of rabies from red foxes in eastern Ontario","volume":"37","author":"MacInnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.2307\/3802510","article-title":"Survival and movements of translocated raccoons in north central Illinois","volume":"63","author":"Mosillo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268899002885","article-title":"Phylogoegraphic patterns exhibited by Ontario rabies virus variants","volume":"123","author":"Nadin-Davis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.69.6.601","article-title":"Rabies in translocated raccoons","volume":"69","author":"Nettles","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib32","unstructured":"NEPA, 1969. National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.8_Pt_1.1149","article-title":"Mass human exposure to rabies in New Hampshire: exposures, treatment and cost","volume":"86","author":"Noah","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-36.4.734","article-title":"Bait ingestion by free-ranging raccoons and non-target species in an oral rabies vaccine field trial in Florida","volume":"36","author":"Olson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1139\/z98-042","article-title":"Population density, survival, and rabies in raccoons in an urban national park","volume":"76","author":"Riley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.213.10.1407","article-title":"Prevention of the spread of rabies to wildlife by oral vaccination of raccoons in Massachusetts","volume":"213","author":"Robbins","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib37","first-page":"87","article-title":"Relocation of city raccoons","volume":"9","author":"Rosatte","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc. Great Plains Workshop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-37.2.265","article-title":"Emergency response to raccoon rabies introduction into Ontario","volume":"37","author":"Rosatte","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.4.752","article-title":"Efficacy of an oral vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine in controlling epidemic raccoon rabies in New Jersey","volume":"34","author":"Roscoe","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010560","article-title":"Human infection due to recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein virus","volume":"345","author":"Rupprecht","year":"2001","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib41","series-title":"Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Meeting on Research Advances and Rabies Control in the Americas","article-title":"Estimating the direct and indirect cost of rabies postexposure prophylaxis","author":"Shwiff","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib42","series-title":"Proceedings of the 20th Vertebrates Pest Conference","first-page":"232","article-title":"Oral rabies vaccination: a national perspective on program development and implementation","author":"Slate","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.5.769","article-title":"Antigenic characteristics of isolates associated with a new epizootic of raccoon rabies in the United States","volume":"149","author":"Smith","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib44","series-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Meeting on Research Advances and Rabies Control in the Americas","article-title":"The Ohio ORV program","author":"Smith","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.042400799","article-title":"Predicting the spatial dynamics of rabies epidemics on heterogeneous landscapes","volume":"99","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/0147-9571(82)90031-5","article-title":"Oral immunization of foxes against rabies. Laboratory and field studies","volume":"5","author":"Steck","year":"1982","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.139.2.32","article-title":"Progress and setbacks in the oral immunization of foxes against rabies in Europe","volume":"139","author":"Stohr","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib48","first-page":"187","article-title":"Evaluation of raccoon translocation attempt in east Tennessee","volume":"33","author":"Talyor","year":"1979","journal-title":"Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeastern Assoc. Fish and Wildl. Agencies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib49","first-page":"4","article-title":"1990 rabies annual summary","volume":"55","author":"Trimarchi","year":"1991","journal-title":"New York State Vet. News"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib50","first-page":"363","article-title":"Immune response in skunks to a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein","volume":"51","author":"Tolson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Can. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1992.201.12.1873","article-title":"Benefits and costs of using an orally absorbed vaccine to control rabies in raccoons","volume":"201","author":"Uhaa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib52","unstructured":"USDA, 2003. Cooperative rabies management program national report 2002 (un-numbered report). APHIS, Wildlife Services, pp. 65."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib53","series-title":"Virus Taxonomy: Seventh Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses","author":"Van Regenmortel","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib54","first-page":"455","article-title":"Oral immunization against rabies: afterthoughts and foresight","volume":"142","author":"Wandeler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib55","first-page":"285","article-title":"Dispersal and survival of translocated raccoons in Kentucky","volume":"31","author":"Wright","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Ann. Conf. Southeastern Assoc. Fish Wildl. Agencies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(96)00012-6","article-title":"Human adenovirus type 5 vectors expressing rabies glycoprotein","volume":"14","author":"Yarosh","year":"1996","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012_bib57","first-page":"423","article-title":"Rabies-free status of Switzerland following 30 years of rabies in foxes","volume":"142","author":"Zanoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilkd."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170205000766?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170205000766?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T04:42:07Z","timestamp":1706157727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170205000766"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0168170205000766"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.03.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,7]]}}}