{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T11:29:10Z","timestamp":1774956550456,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,1]],"date-time":"2017-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483228800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,12]],"date-time":"2016-11-12T02:32:57Z","timestamp":1478917977000},"page":"1-6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The effect of HTLV-1 virulence factors (HBZ, Tax, proviral load), HLA class I and plasma neopterin on manifestation of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy tropical spastic paraparesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Tarokhian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Taghadosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hushang","family":"Rafatpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taraneh","family":"Rajaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud Reza","family":"Azarpazhooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Valizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.A. Rahim","family":"Rezaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0005","first-page":"208","article-title":"Comparison of HTLV-I proviral load in adult t cell leukemia\/lymphoma (ATL), HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM-TSP) and healthy carriers","volume":"16","author":"Akbarin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.10.003","article-title":"Strong correlation between tax and HBZ mRNA expression in HAM\/TSP patients: distinct markers for the neurologic disease","volume":"56","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6035","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208970","article-title":"Cellular immune response to HTLV-1","volume":"24","author":"Bangham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.2741\/1417","article-title":"Role of accessory proteins of HTLV-1 in viral replication, T cell activation, and cellular gene expression","volume":"9","author":"Bindhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"ABBV Front Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-015-0369-3","volume":"12","author":"Boostani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.04.046","article-title":"Differential effect of type I and type II interferons on neopterin production and amino acid metabolism in human astrocyte-derived cells","volume":"438","author":"Cano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410360516","article-title":"Extracellular human T\u2010cell lymphotropic virus type I tax protein induces cytokine production in adult human microglial cells","volume":"36","author":"Dhib\u2010Jalbut","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1865","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V85.7.1865.bloodjournal8571865","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1) Tax is expressed at the same level in infected cells of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy or tropical spastic paraparesis patients as in asymptomatic carriers but at a lower level in adult T-cell leukemia cells","volume":"85","author":"Furukawa","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12813","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.12813-12822.2002","article-title":"The complementary strand of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 RNA genome encodes a bZIP transcription factor that down-regulates viral transcription","volume":"76","author":"Gaudray","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects and world distribution of HTLV-1 infection","volume":"3","author":"Gessain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5","article-title":"Antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus type-I in patients with tropical spastic paraparesis","volume":"2","author":"Gessain","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1086\/420832","article-title":"Human cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type-l-Specific CD8+ cells: frequency and immunodominance hierarchy","volume":"189","author":"Goon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0065","first-page":"424","article-title":"Epidemiology of HTLV-1 in neyshabour, northeast of Iran","volume":"13","author":"Hedayati-Moghaddam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. Red Crescent Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.01071.x","article-title":"Neopterin-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in type II-like alveolar epithelial cells","volume":"118","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-12-257410","article-title":"Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) proviral load and disease progression in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers: a nationwide prospective study in Japan","volume":"116","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0080","first-page":"61","article-title":"The anemia of chronic disease","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"1983","journal-title":"Semin. Hematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-010-9216-9","article-title":"Neuroimmunity of HTLV-I infection","volume":"5","author":"Matsuura","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280152403272","article-title":"HTLV-I proviral load correlates with progression of motor disability in HAM\/TSP: analysis of 239 HAM\/TSP patients including 64 patients followed up for 10 years","volume":"7","author":"Matsuzaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200024605082","article-title":"Neopterin as a marker for immune system activation","volume":"3","author":"Murr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809114225","article-title":"Analysis of HTLV-I proviral load in 202 HAM\/TSP patients and 243 asymptomatic HTLV-I carriers: high proviral load strongly predisposes to HAM\/TSP","volume":"4","author":"Nagai","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Neurovirol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.10065","article-title":"Increased HTLV-I proviral load and preferential expansion of HTLV-I Tax-specific CD8+ T cells in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with HAM\/TSP","volume":"50","author":"Nagai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.69.4.2649-2653.1995","article-title":"Naturally occurring variants of human T-cell leukemia virus type I Tax protein impair its recognition by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and the transactivation function of Tax","volume":"69","author":"Niewiesk","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5","article-title":"HTLV-I associated myelopathy, a new clinical entity","volume":"1","author":"Osame","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet (London England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7415","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415","article-title":"Detection and isolation of type C retrovirus particles from fresh and cultured lymphocytes of a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma","volume":"77","author":"Poiesz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.07.004","article-title":"High prevalence of HTLV-I infection in Mashhad, Northeast Iran: a population-based seroepidemiology survey","volume":"52","author":"Rafatpanah","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Clin. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-19","article-title":"In vivo expression of the HBZ gene of HTLV-1 correlates with proviral load, inflammatory markers and disease severity in HTLV-1 associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP)","volume":"6","author":"Saito","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00204","article-title":"Regulation of hematopoietic stem cell activity by inflammation","volume":"4","author":"Schuettpelz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0140","first-page":"264","article-title":"Association between HLA class i alleles and proviral load in HTLV-I associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraperesis (HAM\/TSP) patients in iranian population","volume":"16","author":"Taghaddosi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1999.01323.x","article-title":"Diversity of leukaemic cell morphology in ATL correlates with prognostic factors, aberrant immunophenotype and defective HTLV-1 genotype","volume":"105","author":"Tsukasaki","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0150","first-page":"268","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus type i (HTLV-I) proviral load and clinical features in iranian HAM\/TSP patients: comparison of HTLV-I proviral load in HAM\/TSP patients","volume":"16","author":"Vakili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Basic Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(07)70081-6","article-title":"Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection","volume":"7","author":"Verdonck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2174\/1389200024605073","article-title":"Tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis, utilization and pharmacological effects","volume":"3","author":"Werner-Felmayer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.06.017","article-title":"Neopterin in HIV-1 infection","volume":"42","author":"Wirleitner","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V99.1.88","article-title":"Correlation of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) mRNA with proviral DNA load, virus-specific CD8+ T cells, and disease severity in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM\/TSP)","volume":"99","author":"Yamano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2012.03.020","article-title":"CT scans of the chest in carriers of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1: presence of interstitial pneumonia","volume":"19","author":"Yamashiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acad. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.79.6.2031","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of retrovirus from cell lines of human adult T-cell leukemia and its implication in the disease","volume":"79","author":"Yoshida","year":"1982","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/0198-8859(92)90086-3","article-title":"Identification of the HLA-DRB1*04, \u2212DRB1*07, and \u2212DRB1*09 alleles by PCR amplification with sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 2hours","volume":"34","author":"Zetterquist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170216304439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170216304439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T08:03:30Z","timestamp":1601193810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170216304439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0168170216304439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The effect of HTLV-1 virulence factors (HBZ, Tax, proviral load), HLA class I and plasma neopterin on manifestation of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy tropical spastic paraparesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2016.11.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}