{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:43:08Z","timestamp":1780663388681,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,1]],"date-time":"2018-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530403200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017539","name":"Theodor Bilharz Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009229","name":"American University in Cairo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T15:09:10Z","timestamp":1529420950000},"page":"135-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"special_numbering":"C","title":["miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 are promising biomarkers for progression of liver fibrosis in HCV Egyptian patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Amanda","family":"Abdel-Al","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman","family":"El-Ahwany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Zoheiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amged","family":"Ouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda","family":"Abu-Taleb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Abdel Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Darwish","family":"El-Talkawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suher","family":"Zada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34935","DOI":"10.1038\/srep34935","article-title":"MicroRNA-based diagnostic tools for advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C","volume":"6","author":"Appourchaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6387","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00619-16","article-title":"HCV-induced up-regulation of miR-146a-5p in hepatocytes promotes viral infection and deregulates metabolic pathways associated with liver disease pathogenesis","volume":"90","author":"Bandiera","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510240201","article-title":"An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. The METAVIR cooperative study group","volume":"24","author":"Bedossa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023937","article-title":"Circulating MicroRNAs in patients with chronic hepatitis C and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"6","author":"Cermelli","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26768","article-title":"Epigenetic regulation of connective tissue growth factor by MicroRNA-214 delivery in exosomes from mouse or human hepatic stellate cells","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)00666-8","article-title":"Smad7 prevents activation of hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis in rats","volume":"125","author":"Dooley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1804","DOI":"10.19082\/1804","article-title":"Circulating miRNAs as predictor markers for activation of hepatic stellate cells and progression of HCV-induced liver fibrosis","volume":"8","author":"El-Ahwany","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electron. Phys."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v6.i11.818","article-title":"Circulating microRNA, miR-122 and miR-221 signature in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C related hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"El-Garem","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-64","article-title":"Regulation of gene expression by microRNA in HCV infection and HCV\u2013mediated hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2014-007516","article-title":"Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography","volume":"5","author":"Harman","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1755-1536-5-12","article-title":"Induction of microRNA-214-5p in human and rodent liver fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Iizuka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/lt.23613","article-title":"Distinct microRNA profiles are associated with the severity of hepatitis C virus recurrence and acute cellular rejection after liver transplantation","volume":"19","author":"Joshi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Liver Transpl."},{"issue":"32","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v8.i32.1392","article-title":"Novel non-invasive biological predictive index for liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus genotype 4 patients","volume":"8","author":"Khattab","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5030038","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells and microRNAs in pathogenesis of liver fibrosis","volume":"5","author":"Kitano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i4.1487","article-title":"MicroRNA-mediated interactions between host and hepatitis C virus","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-1728-HSCALF","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis","volume":"131","author":"Moreira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9865","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-016-4884-6","article-title":"Elevated serum microRNA-122\/222 levels are potential diagnostic biomarkers in Egyptian patients with chronic hepatitis C but not hepatic cancer","volume":"37","author":"Motawi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1080\/15384047.2018.1423922","article-title":"Expression analysis of liver-specific circulating micrornas in hcv-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in egyptian patients","volume":"19","author":"Mourad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12730","article-title":"MicroRNAs in hepatic pathophysiology","volume":"47","author":"Murakami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4155\/fsoa-2017-0083","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: a compilation on the biomarkers status and their significance during disease progression","volume":"4","author":"Nallagangula","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Sci. OA"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300717","article-title":"MicroRNA-221\/222 upregulation indicates the activation of stellate cells and the progression of liver fibrosis","volume":"61","author":"Ogawa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12730","article-title":"Inhibition of microRNA-214 ameliorates hepatic fibrosis and tumor incidence in platelet-derived growth factor C transgenic mice","volume":"106","author":"Okada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Sci."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7824","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i34.7824","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection: an up-date of the distribution and circulation of hepatitis C virus genotypes","volume":"22","author":"Petruzziello","year":"2016","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0125","first-page":"24","article-title":"The role of miRNAs in the regulation of inflammatory processes during hepatofibrogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Roy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. Nutr."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl15492","article-title":"Magnetic resonance elastography and other magnetic resonance imaging techniques in chronic liver disease: current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gut Liver"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-015-2474-3","article-title":"Increased miR-16 expression induced by hepatitis C virus infection promotes liver fibrosis through downregulation of hepatocyte growth factor and Smad7","volume":"160","author":"Zhu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170218302818?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170218302818?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:04:57Z","timestamp":1759154697000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170218302818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0168170218302818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"miRNA-221 and miRNA-222 are promising biomarkers for progression of liver fibrosis in HCV Egyptian patients","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2018.06.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}