{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:47:44Z","timestamp":1777859264906,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,24]],"date-time":"2021-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635033600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":296,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["180003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["180003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/02832-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/02832-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/08194-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/08194-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DI20-1003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DI20-1003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["313117\/2019-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["313117\/2019-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["404815\/2018-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["404815\/2018-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T09:46:14Z","timestamp":1603014374000},"page":"198202","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles \u2013 Potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Joana C.","family":"Pieretti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Rubilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2550-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard B.","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo R.","family":"Tortella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amedea B.","family":"Seabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.07.003","article-title":"Harnessing nitric oxide for preventing, limiting and treating the severe pulmonary consequences of COVID-19","volume":"103","author":"Adusumillia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2000.00142.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide and virus infection","volume":"101","author":"Akaike","year":"2000","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1966","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1966-1969.2005","article-title":"Nitric oxide inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus","volume":"79","author":"Akerstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.09.007","article-title":"Dual effect of nitric oxide on SARS-CoV replication: viral RNA production and palmitoulation of the S protein are affected","volume":"395","author":"\u00c5kerstr\u00f6m","year":"2009","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-016-0203-z","article-title":"The critical care response to a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: an observational study","volume":"6","author":"Al-Dorzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.32794\/mr11250066","article-title":"COVID-19 pathophysiology: interactions of gut microbiome, melatonin, vitamin D, stress, kynurenine and the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor: treatment implications","volume":"3","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Melatonin research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-015-0720-y","article-title":"Severe neurologic syndrome associated with Middle East respiratory syndrome corona virus (MERS-CoV)","volume":"43","author":"Arabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.08.017","article-title":"Thromboembolic events in patients with severe pandemic influenza A\/H1N1","volume":"26","author":"Avnon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00959","article-title":"Potential benefits of tryptophan metabolism to the efficacy of tocilizumab in COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Belladona","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0050","article-title":"Protocol for a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide therapy in spontaneously breathing patients with COVID-19","author":"Berra","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2019.09.007","article-title":"Nitric oxide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles as an innovative antileishmanial platform","volume":"93","author":"Cabral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-020-05010-6","article-title":"Pharmaceutical nanotechnology: which products are been designed against COVID-19?","volume":"22","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1086\/425357","article-title":"Inhalation of nitric oxide in the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome: a rescue trial in beijing","volume":"39","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0070","article-title":"Ultraviolet a radiation and COVID-19 deaths: a multi country study","author":"Cherrie","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0075","article-title":"To give or not to give? Lessons from the arginine paradox","author":"Dioguardi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Nutrigenet. Nutrigenomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2539","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.9b00237","article-title":"Catalyzed nitric oxide release via Cu nanoparticles leads to an increase in antimicrobial effects and hemocompatibility for short-term extracorporeal circulation","volume":"2","author":"Douglass","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Bio Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2020.08.007","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19","volume":"60","author":"Ferrari","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0090","first-page":"9","article-title":"Induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) detection in circulating monocyte subsets from Brazilian patients with Dengue-4 virus","volume":"7","author":"Fialho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virol. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002787.pub3","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children and adults","author":"Gebistorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0100","article-title":"Nitric oxide gas inhalation to prevent COVID-2019 in healthcare providers","author":"Gianni","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.08.004","article-title":"Ideation and assessment of a nitric oxide delivery system for spontaneously breathing subjects","volume":"104\u2013105","author":"Gianni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-809275-0.00005-3","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors and penile erectile function","author":"Gur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nitric oxide donors: Novel biomedical applications and perspectives"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2007.11.016","article-title":"High-affinity uptake of kynurenine and nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells","volume":"116","author":"Hara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1039\/C6TB03290G","article-title":"Biodegradable nitric oxide precursor-loaded micro- and nanoparticles for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms","volume":"5","author":"Hasan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mater. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2020.06.005","article-title":"Nitric oxide dosed in short bursts at high concentrations may protect against Covid 19","volume":"103","author":"Hedenstierna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020150124721","article-title":"Nitric oxide: a unique endogenous signaling molecule in vascular biology","volume":"19","author":"Ignarro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biosci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14341","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR03256G","article-title":"Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles pulmonary drug delivery","volume":"8","author":"Islam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e33","article-title":"Direct antiviral mechanisms of interferon-gamma","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00216","article-title":"COVID-19: emergence, spread, possible treatments, and global burden","volume":"8","author":"Keni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Public Heal."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2004.04.012","article-title":"Inhibition of SARS-coronavirus infection in vitro by S-nitroso-N- acetylpenicillamine, a nitric oxide donor compound","volume":"8","author":"Keyaerts","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0551-5","article-title":"Blockage of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase regulates Japanese encephalitis via enhancement of type I\/II IFN innate and adaptive T-cell responses","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy098","article-title":"Human coronavirus NL63 molecular epidemiology and evolutionary patterns in rural coastal Kenya","volume":"217","author":"Kiyuka","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.22514\/SV101.042015.7","article-title":"Serum levels of nitric oxide as a predictor of survival in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by H1N1 pneumonia?","volume":"10","author":"Kova\u010devi\u0107","year":"2015","journal-title":"Signa Vitae"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges","volume":"55","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0752-z","article-title":"Dexamethasone nanomedicines for COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Lammers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0180","article-title":"Protocol of a randomized controlled trial testing inhaled nitric oxide in mechanically ventilated patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5227","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.7.5227-5235.1997","article-title":"Inhibition of Japanese encephalitis virus infection by nitric oxide: antiviral effect of nitric oxide on RNA virus replication","volume":"71","author":"Lin","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0190","first-page":"13","article-title":"Nitric oxide-generating compound GSNO suppresses porcine circovirus type 2 infection in vitro and in vivo","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198070","article-title":"COVID-19: Review on latest available drugs and therapies against SARS-CoV-2. Coagulation and inflammation cross-talking","volume":"286","author":"Magro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2020.05.002","article-title":"Could nasal nitric oxide help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19?","volume":"22","author":"Martel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00399","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00399-20","article-title":"Compounds with therapeutic potential against novel respiratory 2019 coronavirus","volume":"64","author":"Martinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1457","article-title":"IDO expression by dendritic cells: tolerance and tryptophan catabolism","volume":"4","author":"Mellor","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.452","article-title":"Respiratory nitric oxide levels in experimental human influenza","volume":"114","author":"Murphy","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0220","series-title":"Novel Targets in the Glutamate and Nitric Oxide Neurotransmitter Systems for the Treatment of Depression, in: Systems Neuroscience in Depression","first-page":"81","author":"O\u2019Toole","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-009-0026-4","article-title":"Nitroprusside in decompensated heart failure: what should a clinician really know?","volume":"6","author":"Opasich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00029.2006","article-title":"Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in health and disease","volume":"87","author":"Pacher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15254","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.7b01408","article-title":"Tunable nitric oxide release from S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine via catalytic copper nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"9","author":"Pant","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1753466620933510","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide treatment in spontaneously breathing COVID-19 patients","volume":"14","author":"Parikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0245","article-title":"Small molecules for great solutions: can nitric oxide-releasing nanomaterials overcome drug resistance in chemotherapy?","volume":"176","author":"Pieretti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2015.02.007","article-title":"Delivering nitric oxide with nanoparticles","volume":"205","author":"Quinn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6589","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b19021","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity to tumor cells of nitric oxide donor and silver nanoparticles containing PVA\/PEG films for topical applications","volume":"11","author":"Rolim","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0260","first-page":"1","article-title":"High concentrations of nitric oxide inhalation therapy in pregnant patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","author":"Safaee Fakhr","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol. Publish Ah"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0265","first-page":"1","article-title":"Critical care management for novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 coinfection in a young immunocompromised patient: a Chicago experience","volume":"2020","author":"Sanchez-Nadales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Reports Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-019-04259-0","article-title":"Nitric oxide production is downregulated during respiratory syncytial virus persistence by constitutive expression of arginase 1","volume":"164","author":"Santiago-Olivares","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4161\/viru.20328","article-title":"The potential of nitric oxide releasing therapies as antimicrobial agents","volume":"3","author":"Schairer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0280","series-title":"Nitric Oxide Donors","author":"Seabra","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0285","series-title":"Nitric Oxide Donors","first-page":"25","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors for treating neglected diseases","author":"Seabra","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.01.005","article-title":"State of the art, challenges and perspectives in the design of nitric oxide-releasing polymeric nanomaterials for biomedical applications","volume":"33","author":"Seabra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0295","series-title":"Can Nitric Oxide Overcome Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics?, in: Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms and New Antimicrobial Approaches","first-page":"187","author":"Seabra","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0300","first-page":"1","article-title":"A novel concept for treatment and vaccination against Covid\u201019 with an inhaled chitosan\u2010coated DNA vaccine encoding a secreted spike protein portion","volume":"00","author":"Tatlow","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03222-9","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide in patients admitted to intensive care unit with COVID-19 pneumonia","volume":"24","author":"Tavazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36645-0","article-title":"Nitric oxide inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in interferon-gamma primed mononuclear phagocytes","volume":"269","author":"Thomas","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0315","first-page":"343","article-title":"AhR and IDO1 in pathogenesis of Covid-19 and the \u201cSystemic AhR Activation Syndrome:\u201d a translational review and therapeutic perspectives","volume":"38","author":"Turski","year":"2020","journal-title":"Restor. Neurol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.110933","article-title":"Multifunctional alginate nanoparticles containing nitric oxide donor and silver nanoparticles for biomedical applications","volume":"112","author":"Urzedo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7039","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.12.7039","article-title":"IFN-\u03b3 amplifies IL-6 and IL-8 responses by airway epithelial-like cells via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase","volume":"169","author":"van Wissen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1021\/cr000040l","article-title":"Nitric oxide donors: chemical activities and biological applications","volume":"102","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn243","article-title":"The management of coronavirus infections with particular reference to SARS","volume":"62","author":"Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Antimicrob. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2017.4722","article-title":"Indoleamine 2,3\u2011dioxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase mediate immune tolerance induced by CTLA4Ig and anti-CD154 hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a sensitized mouse model","volume":"14","author":"Ye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0345","first-page":"14","article-title":"Formulations for COVID-19 early stage treatment via silver nanoparticles inhalation delivery at home and hospital","author":"Zachar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Prepr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202004-0937LE","article-title":"Outpatient inhaled nitric oxide in a patient with vasoreactive idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19 infection","author":"Zamanian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1502285112","article-title":"Hemoglobin \u03b2Cys93 is essential for cardiovascular function and integrated response to hypoxia","volume":"112","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170220311096?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170220311096?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:28:07Z","timestamp":1777508887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170220311096"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S0168170220311096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Nitric oxide (NO) and nanoparticles \u2013 Potential small tools for the war against COVID-19 and other human coronavirus infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198202","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"198202"}}