{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T22:10:24Z","timestamp":1792879824301,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,3]],"date-time":"2020-11-03T02:33:28Z","timestamp":1604370808000},"page":"198204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Analysis of a within-host HIV\/HTLV-I co-infection model with immunity"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"295","author":[{"given":"A.M.","family":"Elaiw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.H.","family":"AlShamrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100050","article-title":"Quantifying HTLV-I dynamics","volume":"85","author":"Asquith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Immunol. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(00)00107-2","article-title":"The immune response to HTLV-I","volume":"12","author":"Bangham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19334-0","article-title":"The immune control and cell-to-cell spread of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1","volume":"84","author":"Bangham","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939451","article-title":"CTL quality and the control of human retroviral infections","volume":"39","author":"Bangham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10304","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10304-10311.2000","article-title":"Persistent virus infection despite chronic cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation in gamma interferon-deficient mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus","volume":"74","author":"Bartholdy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1086\/422146","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and disease progression among patients coinfected with HIV and human T lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2","volume":"39","author":"Beilke","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202520500323","article-title":"A multi-scale model of virus pandemic: heterogeneous interactive entities in a globally connected world","volume":"30","author":"Bellomo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1137\/19M1250261","article-title":"Occurrence vs. absence of taxis-driven instabilities in a May-Nowak model for virus infection","volume":"79","author":"Bellomo","year":"2019","journal-title":"SIAM J. Appl. Math."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/v9110347","article-title":"RNA virus evolution via a quasispecies-based model reveals a drug target with a high barrier to resistance","volume":"9","author":"Bingham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0050","first-page":"8","article-title":"HIV\/human T-cell lymphotropic virus coinfection revisited: impact on AIDS progression","volume":"11","author":"Brites","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmaa.2011.07.006","article-title":"Global stability for an HIV-1 infection model including an eclipse stage of infected cells","volume":"385","author":"Buonomo","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Math. Anal. Appl."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2011.01.033","article-title":"Global dynamics of a mathematical model for HTLV-I infection of CD4+T-cells","volume":"35","author":"Cai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/bulm.2001.0266","article-title":"HIV-1 infection and low steady state viral loads","volume":"64","author":"Callaway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0070","first-page":"140","article-title":"Molecular and cellular interactions of HIV-1\/HTLV coinfection and impact on AIDS progression","volume":"9","author":"Casoli","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.04.004","article-title":"Spanish HTLV Network. HIV co-infection in HTLV-1 carriers in Spain","volume":"266","author":"de Mendoza","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0080","article-title":"Global dynamics of reaction-diffusion oncolytic M1 virotherapy with immune response","volume":"367","author":"Elaiw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0085","article-title":"Analysis of a delayed and diffusive oncolytic M1 virotherapy model with immune response","volume":"55","author":"Elaiw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2020.105259","article-title":"Global stability of a delayed adaptive immunity viral infection with two routes of infection and multi-stages of infected cells","volume":"86","author":"Elaiw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nonrwa.2009.07.001","article-title":"Global properties of a class of HIV models","volume":"11","author":"Elaiw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/20.1.29","article-title":"Population dynamics of HTLV-I infection: a discrete-time mathematical epidemic model approach","volume":"20","author":"Eshima","year":"2003","journal-title":"Math. Med. Biol.: J. IMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmaa.2020.124047","article-title":"Threshold dynamics of a delayed nonlocal reaction-diffusion HIV infection model with both cell-free and cell-to-cell transmissions","volume":"488","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Math. Anal. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2017.01.014","article-title":"HTLV-1 Tax activates HIV-1 transcription in latency models","volume":"504","author":"Geddes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218202517500117","article-title":"Heterogeneous population dynamics of active particles: Progression, mutations, and selection dynamics","volume":"27","author":"Gibelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2004.06.004","article-title":"Backward bifurcation in a model for HTLV-I infection of CD4T cells","volume":"67","author":"Gomez-Acevedo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-009-9465-z","article-title":"Multi-stability in a model for CTL response to HTLV-I infection and its consequences in HAM\/TSP development, and prevention","volume":"72","author":"Gomez-Acevedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6822","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2019341","article-title":"The effects of CTL immune response on HIV infection model with potent therapy, latently infected cells and cell-to-cell viral transmission","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Math. Biosci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0135","series-title":"Introduction to Functional Differential Equations","author":"Hale","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2016.03.002","article-title":"HTLV-1 and HIV-1 co-infection: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Isache","year":"2016","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e08150","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.08150","article-title":"Cell-to-cell infection by HIV contributes over half of virus infection","volume":"4","author":"Iwami","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2004.00209.x","article-title":"Retroviral spread by induction of virological synapses","volume":"5","author":"Jolly","year":"2004","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crvi.2004.05.011","article-title":"Dynamics of human T-cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-I) infection of CD4+T cells","volume":"327","author":"Katri","year":"2004","journal-title":"C. R. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2013.01.003","article-title":"Virus dynamics in the presence of synaptic transmission","volume":"242","author":"Komarova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bulm.2004.02.001","article-title":"Global properties of basic virus dynamics models","volume":"66","author":"Korobeinikov","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00285-011-0455-z","article-title":"Stable and transient periodic oscillations in a mathematical model for CTL response to HTLV-I infection","volume":"65","author":"Lang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3008","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-011-9657-1","article-title":"Modelling the role of Tax expression in HTLV-1 persisence in vivo","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.4797","article-title":"Dynamics analysis of an HTLV-1 infection model with mitotic division of actively infected cells and delayed CTL immune response","volume":"41","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Math. Methods Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-010-9591-7","article-title":"Multiple stable periodic oscillations in a mathematical model of CTL response to HTLV-I infection","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nonrwa.2011.02.026","article-title":"Global dynamics of a mathematical model for HTLV-I infection of CD4+ T cells with delayed CTL response","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3934\/dcdsb.2016.21.863","article-title":"Backward bifurcation of an HTLV-I model with immune response","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Discr. Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2014.02.022","article-title":"HTLV-Iinfection: a dynamic struggle between viral persistence and host immunity","volume":"352","author":"Lim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol."},{"issue":"C","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2018.09.087","article-title":"Dynamics of two time delays differential equation model to HIV latent infection","volume":"514","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physica A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0210","series-title":"Margarita Guenova and Gueorgui Balatzenko","first-page":"41","article-title":"Leukemia and retroviral disease, leukemias \u2013 updates and new insights","author":"Loarca","year":"2015"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2013.06.025","article-title":"Global stability for an HIV-1 infection model with Beddington-DeAngelis incidence rate and CTL immune response","volume":"19","author":"Lv","year":"2014","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0220","first-page":"258","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of a class of HIV infection models of CD4+T-cells with combined antiretroviral therapy","volume":"259","author":"Mojaver","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0225","first-page":"10559","article-title":"Global stability of a delayed HTLV-I infection model with a class of nonlinear incidence rates and CTLs immune response","volume":"219","author":"Muroya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"5258","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5258.74","article-title":"Population dynamics of immune responses to persistent viruses","volume":"272","author":"Nowak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0235","series-title":"Virus Dynamics: Mathematical Principles of Immunology and Virology","author":"Nowak","year":"2000"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmaa.2019.07.051","article-title":"Rich dynamics in a delayed HTLV-I infection model: Stability switch, multiple stable cycles, and torus","volume":"479","author":"Pan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Math. Anal. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2019.03.014","article-title":"Mechanisms of HIV-1 cell-to-cell transmission and the establishment of the latent reservoir","volume":"265","author":"Pedro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144598335107","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of HIV-1 dynamics in vivo","volume":"41","author":"Perelson","year":"1999","journal-title":"SIAM Rev."},{"issue":"6629","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/387188a0","article-title":"Decay characteristics of HIV-1-infected compartments during combination therapy","volume":"387","author":"Perelson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2013.00372","article-title":"HTLV-1\/-2 and HIV-1 co-infections: retroviral interference on host immune status","volume":"4","author":"Pilotti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2275","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002275","article-title":"Immune compromise in HIV-1\/HTLV-1 coinfection with paradoxical resolution of CD4 lymphocytosis during antiretroviral therapy: a case report","volume":"94","author":"Rockwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000533","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000533","article-title":"Modeling latently infected cell activation: viral and latent reservoir persistence, and viral blips in HIV-infected patients on potent therapy","volume":"5","author":"Rong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Theor. Biol. PLoS Comput. Biol."},{"issue":"6803","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/35035103","article-title":"Immune control of HIV-1 following early treatment of acute infection","volume":"407","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(92)90038-Q","article-title":"Cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1 occurs within minutes and may not involve the participation of virus particles","volume":"186","author":"Sato","year":"1992","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"7362","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10347","article-title":"Cell-to-cell spread of HIV permits ongoing replication despite antiretroviral therapy","volume":"477","author":"Sigal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0290","first-page":"401","article-title":"Global stability and periodic solution of a model for HTLV-1 infection and ATL progression","volume":"180","author":"Song","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01629-06","article-title":"Inefficient human immunodeficiency virus replication in mobile lymphocytes","volume":"81","author":"Sourisseau","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1006\/bulm.1999.0117","article-title":"Modeling the T-cell dynamics and pathogenesis of HTLV-I infection","volume":"61","author":"Stilianakis","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull. Math. Biol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/2325957413500988","article-title":"HIV and HTLV-1 coinfection: the need to initiate antiretroviral therapy","volume":"12","author":"Ticona","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Int. Assoc. Provid. AIDS Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0310","first-page":"71","article-title":"Neurological aspects of HIV\/human T lymphotropic virus coinfection","volume":"11","author":"Tulius Silva","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2174\/1570162X15666170216114917","article-title":"CD4+ T-cell count may not be a useful strategy to monitor antiretroviral therapy response in HTLV-1\/HIV co-infected patients","volume":"15","author":"Vandormael","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. HIV Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0320","first-page":"489","article-title":"The complete classification for global dynamics of amodel for the persistence of HTLV-1 infection","volume":"237","author":"Vargas-De-Leon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0325","first-page":"899","article-title":"Global dynamics of a reaction and diffusion model for an HTLV-I infection with mitotic division of actively infected cells","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Appl. Anal. Comput."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00103-7","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of the global dynamics of a model for HTLV-I infection and ATL progression","volume":"179","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Math. Biosci."},{"issue":"S2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2016.1242784","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of an HIV latent infection model including both virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Dyn."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmaa.2017.10.027","article-title":"Viral dynamics of an HTLV-I infection model with intracellular delay and CTL immune response delay","volume":"459","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Math. Anal. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0345","first-page":"917","article-title":"Complete dynamical analysis for a nonlinear HTLV-I infection model with distributed delay, CTL response and immune impairment","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Discr. Contin. Dyn. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s002390010047","article-title":"Evolutionary dynamics of HTLV-I","volume":"50","author":"Wodarz","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Evol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5699(99)01446-2","article-title":"The dynamics of HTLV-I and the CTL response","volume":"20","author":"Wodarz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"issue":"4561","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6980467","article-title":"Transformation of human leukocytes by cocultivation with an adult T cell leukemia virus producer cell line","volume":"217","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170220311114?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170220311114?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:13:56Z","timestamp":1759155236000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170220311114"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":72,"alternative-id":["S0168170220311114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Analysis of a within-host HIV\/HTLV-I co-infection model with immunity","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2020.198204","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"198204"}}