{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T02:16:26Z","timestamp":1785377786134,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,17]],"date-time":"2023-05-17T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1684328766000},"page":"199134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["SARS-CoV-2 omicron sub-lineages differentially modulate interferon response in human lung epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"332","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-9258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianni","family":"Gori Savellini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriele","family":"Anichini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Cusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0346-x","article-title":"Dysregulation of type I interferon responses in COVID-19","volume":"20","author":"Acharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00065","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00065-21","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 disrupts bidirectional nucleocytoplasmic transport through interactions with Rae1 and Nup98","volume":"12","author":"Addetia","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.026","article-title":"Imbalanced host response to SARS-CoV-2 drives development of COVID-19","volume":"181","author":"Blanco-Melo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-021-03552-w","article-title":"Heavily mutated Omicron variant puts scientists on alert","volume":"600","author":"Callaway","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2016.01.007","article-title":"Dysregulated type I Interferon and inflammatory monocyte-macrophage responses cause lethal pneumonia in SARS-CoV-infected mice","volume":"19","author":"Channappanavar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell host microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c01451","article-title":"Omicron variant (B.1.1.529): infectivity, vaccine breakthrough, and antibody resistance","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/v13010047","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein interacts with RIG-I and represses RIG-mediated IFN-\u03b2 production","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106581","article-title":"Emergence of omicron sub-variant BA.2: Is it a matter of concern amid the COVID-19 pandemic?","volume":"99","author":"Dhawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00903-5","article-title":"Omicron adopts a different strategy from Delta and other variants to adapt to host","volume":"7","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03610-3","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 uses a multipronged strategy to impede host protein synthesis","volume":"594","author":"Finkel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00770-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase suppresses interferon signaling by perturbing JAK1 phosphorylation of STAT1","volume":"12","author":"Fung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.3390\/v14061273","article-title":"Nucleopore traffic is hindered by SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 protein to efficiently suppress IFN-\u03b2 and IL-6 secretion","volume":"14","author":"Gori Savellini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.3390\/v13081439","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 N protein targets TRIM25-mediated RIG-I activation to suppress innate immunity","volume":"13","author":"Gori Savellini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc6027","article-title":"Impaired type I interferon activity and inflammatory responses in severe COVID-19 patients","volume":"369","author":"Hadjadj","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04479-6","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant replication in human bronchus and lung ex vivo","volume":"603","author":"Hui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0021","first-page":"8019","article-title":"Omicron (B.1.1.529) - variant of concern - molecular profile and epidemiology: a mini review","volume":"25","author":"Kannan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2022.37.e31","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 40 patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in Korea","volume":"37","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Korean Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061557","article-title":"From RNA world to SARS-CoV-2: the edited story of RNA viral evolution","volume":"10","author":"Kockler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00266-21","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 inhibits the interferon response by causing depletion of key host signaling factors","volume":"95","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-17665-9","article-title":"Activation and evasion of type I interferon responses by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"11","author":"Lei","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27558","article-title":"Mutational and phylogenetic analyses of the two lineages of the Omicron variant","volume":"94","author":"Majumdar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.3390\/v4050901","article-title":"Protective role of Toll-like Receptor 3-induced type I interferon in murine coronavirus infection of macrophages","volume":"4","author":"Mazaleuskaya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109841","article-title":"The N-terminal domain of SARS-CoV-2 nsp1 plays key roles in suppression of cellular gene expression and preservation of viral gene expression","volume":"37","author":"Mendez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csbj.2021.07.023","article-title":"Immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 from interferon antiviral system","volume":"19","author":"Min","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput.Struct. Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016650117","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling","volume":"117","author":"Miorin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03427-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 ORF6 disrupts nucleocytoplasmic trafficking to advance viral replication","volume":"5","author":"Miyamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106698","article-title":"The recently emerged BA.4 and BA.5 lineages of Omicron and their global health concerns amid the ongoing wave of COVID-19 pandemic - Correspondence","volume":"103","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-021-02265-y","volume":"203","author":"Noor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0013","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). 2022. Implications of the emergence and spread of the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern BA.4 and BA.5 for the EU\/EEA. ECDC: Stockholm. Available at: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/news-events\/implications-emergence-spread-sars-cov-2-variants-concern-ba4-and-ba5."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.11.040","article-title":"Emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern Omicron (B.1.1.529) - highlights Africa's research capabilities, but exposes major knowledge gaps, inequities of vaccine distribution, inadequacies in global COVID-19 response and control efforts","volume":"114","author":"Petersen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2022.106261","article-title":"The Omicron subvariant BA.2: Birth of a new challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"99","author":"Rahimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0037","article-title":"The SARS-CoV-2 variant, Omicron, shows rapid replication in human primary nasal epithelial cultures and efficiently uses the endosomal route of entry","volume":"474653","author":"Peacock","year":"2022","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0040","article-title":"Omicron impact in India: analysis of the ongoing COVID-19 third wave based on global data","author":"Ranjan","year":"2022","journal-title":"medRxiv.22268969."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00342","article-title":"Pattern Recognition and Signaling Mechanisms of RIG-I and MDA5","volume":"5","author":"Reikine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0042","article-title":"Enhanced innate immune suppression by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5","author":"Reuschl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biorxiv.499603"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0511-8","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Nsp1 binds the ribosomal mRNA channel to inhibit translation","volume":"27","author":"Schubert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009800","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 suppresses IFN\u03b2 production mediated by NSP1, 5, 6, 15, ORF6 and ORF7b but does not suppress the effects of added interferon","volume":"17","author":"Shemesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-021-02265-0","article-title":"I(nsp1)ecting SARS-CoV-2-ribosome interactions","volume":"4","author":"Simeoni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc8665","article-title":"Structural basis for translational shutdown and immune evasion by the Nsp1 protein of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"369","author":"Thoms","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-04352-y","article-title":"Evolution of enhanced innate immune evasion by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"602","author":"Thorne","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00619-y","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 nsp12 attenuates type I interferon production by inhibiting IRF3 nuclear translocation","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0054","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2022. Tracking SARS-CoV-2 variants. https:\/\/www.who.int\/activities\/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0053","article-title":"World Health Organization. WHO announces simply, easy-to-say labels for SAR S-CoV-2 Variants of","year":"2021","journal-title":"Interest and Concern"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108234","article-title":"Evasion of type I interferon by SARS-CoV-2","volume":"33","author":"Xia","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1780953","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, nsp14, nsp15 and orf6 function as potent interferon antagonists","volume":"9","author":"Yuen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-020-00438-7","article-title":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) membrane (M) protein inhibits type I and III interferon production by targeting RIG-I\/MDA-5 signaling","volume":"5","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170223000965?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170223000965?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:20:08Z","timestamp":1759155608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170223000965"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0168170223000965"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"SARS-CoV-2 omicron sub-lineages differentially modulate interferon response in human lung epithelial cells","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199134","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"199134"}}