{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T05:00:26Z","timestamp":1782450026840,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,26]],"date-time":"2023-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,28]],"date-time":"2023-06-28T14:54:00Z","timestamp":1687964040000},"page":"199164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Anthracyclines inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"334","author":[{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"McIntosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongtuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Cen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Finzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2205944","article-title":"Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir and viral load rebound in Covid-19","volume":"387","author":"Anderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0067","article-title":"Correction: heat shock protein 90 positively regulates chikungunya virus replication by stabilizing viral non-structural protein nsP2 during infection","volume":"10","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00163-5","article-title":"Casirivimab and imdevimab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial","volume":"399","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007764","article-title":"Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19 - final report","volume":"383","author":"Beigel","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.155682","article-title":"A phase I trial of cyclosporine for hospitalized patients with COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Blumberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2016638","article-title":"A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Boulware","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201662","article-title":"Randomized trial of metformin, ivermectin, and fluvoxamine for Covid-19","volume":"387","author":"Bramante","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10740","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10740-10749.2005","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA polymerase requires the mammalian chaperone hsp90 for proper localization to the nucleus","volume":"79","author":"Burch","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.5301\/tj.5000507","article-title":"The roots of modern oncology: from discovery of new antitumor anthracyclines to their clinical use","volume":"2016","author":"Cassinelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2206449","article-title":"Rebound of SARS-CoV-2 infection after Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir treatment","volume":"387","author":"Charness","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.04.040","article-title":"Hsp90 inhibitors reduce influenza virus replication in cell culture","volume":"377","author":"Chase","year":"2008","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.13113","article-title":"Interferon induction, evasion, and paradoxical roles during SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"309","author":"Chiale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.12.026","article-title":"Antiviral activity and RNA polymerase degradation following Hsp90 inhibition in a range of negative strand viruses","volume":"362","author":"Connor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2008.16","article-title":"Microbial drug discovery: 80 years of progress","volume":"62","author":"Demain","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2204332","article-title":"Convalescent plasma for Covid-19 - making sense of the inconsistencies","volume":"386","author":"Estcourt","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1379-7","article-title":"17-allylamino-17-(demethoxy)geldanamycin (17-AAG) is a potent and effective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus replication in primary fibroblast cells","volume":"157","author":"Evers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-022-00770-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 NSP13 helicase suppresses interferon signaling by perturbing JAK1 phosphorylation of STAT1","volume":"12","author":"Fung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-11-17","article-title":"Inhibition of HSP90 attenuates porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus production in vitro","volume":"11","author":"Gao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2286-9","article-title":"A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.103412","article-title":"Oral Hsp90 inhibitor SNX-5422 attenuates SARS-CoV-2 replication and dampens inflammation in airway cells","volume":"24","author":"Goswami","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2007016","article-title":"Compassionate use of remdesivir for patients with severe Covid-19","volume":"382","author":"Grein","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2118542","article-title":"Oral nirmatrelvir for high-risk, nonhospitalized adults with Covid-19","volume":"386","author":"Hammond","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofac138","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac138","article-title":"A systematic review of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine efficacy and effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and disease","volume":"9","author":"Higdon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022926","article-title":"Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.3.1060","article-title":"Hsp90 is required for the activity of a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase","volume":"93","author":"Hu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e05646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05646","article-title":"Enhancement of the IFN-beta-induced host signature informs repurposed drugs for COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NP00059D","article-title":"Anthracyclines: biosynthesis, engineering and clinical applications","volume":"39","author":"Hulst","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.3.1379-1390.2002","article-title":"Molecular chaperone Hsp90 is important for vaccinia virus growth in cells","volume":"76","author":"Hung","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2018.08.195","article-title":"Daunorubicin, a topoisomerase II poison, suppresses viral production of hepatitis B virus by inducing cGAS-dependent innate immune response","volume":"504","author":"Imai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116044","article-title":"Molnupiravir for oral treatment of Covid-19 in nonhospitalized patients","volume":"386","author":"Jayk Bernal","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26040936","article-title":"Field-template, QSAR, ensemble molecular docking, and 3D-RISM solvation studies expose potential of FDA-approved marine Drugs as SARS-CoVID-2 main protease inhibitors","volume":"26","author":"Kalhotra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17716","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74468-0","article-title":"Rational approach toward COVID-19 main protease inhibitors via molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculation","volume":"10","author":"Keretsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s13578-021-00568-7","article-title":"Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 proteins reveals Orf6 pathogenicity, subcellular localization, host interactions and attenuation by Selinexor","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0086","first-page":"815","article-title":"Effects of geldanamycin and its derivatives on RNA-directed DNA polymerase and infectivity of Rauscher leukemia virus","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.3.867-872.2004","article-title":"Geldanamycin, a ligand of heat shock protein 90, inhibits the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 in vitro","volume":"48","author":"Li","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agent. Chemother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/ja.2012.67","article-title":"Geldanamycin, a ligand of heat shock protein 90, inhibits herpes simplex virus type 2 replication both in vitro and in vivo","volume":"65","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Antibiot. (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1850183","article-title":"Human coronavirus dependency on host heat shock protein 90 reveals an antiviral target","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbe. Infect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2021.198547","article-title":"Host protein, HSP90\u03b2, antagonizes IFN-\u03b2 signaling pathway and facilitates the proliferation of encephalomyocarditis virus in vitro","volume":"305","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0058","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Nsp14 protein associates with IMPDH2 and activates NF-\u03baB signaling","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27623","article-title":"The impact of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies on the outcomes of COVID-19 outpatients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"94","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2013.08.015","article-title":"The interferon-inducible MxB protein inhibits HIV-1 infection","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-016-1385-z","article-title":"Hsp90 inhibitor reduces porcine circovirus 2 replication in the porcine monocytic line 3D4\/31","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Virus Genes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179366","article-title":"Role of heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) in viral infection","volume":"22","author":"Lubkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00368-17","article-title":"Topoisomerase II inhibitors induce DNA damage-dependent interferon responses circumventing Ebola virus immune evasion","volume":"8","author":"Luthra","year":"2017","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2022.105419","article-title":"Repurposing of HIV\/HCV protease inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro)","volume":"207","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19113480","article-title":"Anthracyclines as topoisomerase II poisons: from early studies to new perspectives","volume":"19","author":"Marinello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49049","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049049","article-title":"Identification of small molecules with type I interferon inducing properties by high-throughput screening","volume":"7","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Gil","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28344","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2016650117","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling","volume":"117","author":"Miorin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proceed. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.02.004","article-title":"Three years of methotrexate and secukinumab: outcomes of psoriatic arthritis in a real-life setting","volume":"86","author":"Nicola","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Acad. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5015","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601367","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus RNA replication is regulated by FKBP8 and Hsp90","volume":"25","author":"Okamoto","year":"2006","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2017.04.022","article-title":"Activation of Nrf2 signaling augments vesicular stomatitis virus oncolysis via autophagy-driven suppression of antiviral immunity","volume":"25","author":"Olagnier","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36594","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036594","article-title":"High throughput screening for small molecule enhancers of the interferon signaling pathway to drive next-generation antiviral drug discovery","volume":"7","author":"Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2021.732256","article-title":"Microbial metabolites: the emerging hotspot of antiviral compounds as potential candidates to avert viral pandemic alike COVID-19","volume":"8","author":"Raihan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mol. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.940756","article-title":"Roles and functions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in host immune evasion","volume":"13","author":"Rashid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.12.010","article-title":"Chikungunya virus nsP3 & nsP4 interacts with HSP-90 to promote virus replication: HSP-90 inhibitors reduce CHIKV infection and inflammation in vivo","volume":"103","author":"Rathore","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0023","first-page":"95","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 triggers an MDA-5-dependent interferon response which is unable to control replication in lung epithelial cells","author":"Rebendenne","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2115869","article-title":"Effect of early treatment with ivermectin among patients with Covid-19","volume":"386","author":"Reis","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14408","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618029113","article-title":"Zika virus cell tropism in the developing human brain and inhibition by azithromycin","volume":"113","author":"Retallack","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001091","article-title":"A plasmid DNA-launched SARS-CoV-2 reverse genetics system and coronavirus toolkit for COVID-19 research","volume":"19","author":"Rihn","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0090","first-page":"123","article-title":"Aclarubicin: experimental and clinical experience","volume":"11","author":"R\u00f6thig","year":"1985","journal-title":"Drugs Exp. Clin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3827","DOI":"10.1021\/bi200286e","article-title":"Binding site for Xenopus ribosomal protein L5 and accompanying structural changes in 5S rRNA","volume":"50","author":"Scripture","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/imb.12625","article-title":"Inhibition of heat shock protein 90 suppresses Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication in B. mori","volume":"29","author":"Shang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0004","article-title":"Antiviral agents for the treatment of COVID-19: progress and challenges","volume":"3","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Rep. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2010.04.015","article-title":"Inhibition of heat-shock protein 90 reduces Ebola virus replication","volume":"87","author":"Smith","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6124","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkm628","article-title":"Chaperone activation of the hepadnaviral reverse transcriptase for template RNA binding is established by the Hsp70 and stimulated by the Hsp90 system","volume":"35","author":"Stahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nucleic. Acids. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2192803","article-title":"Lentivirus-delivered stable gene silencing by RNAi in primary cells","volume":"9","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"RNA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v9100287","article-title":"Sophoraflavenone G restricts Dengue and Zika virus infection via RNA polymerase interference","volume":"9","author":"Sze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2209952","article-title":"Efficacy of antiviral agents against the Omicron subvariant BA.2.75","volume":"387","author":"Takashita","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2294-9","article-title":"Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform","volume":"582","author":"Thi Nhu Thao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109014","article-title":"Establishment of a reverse genetics system for SARS-CoV-2 using circular polymerase extension reaction","volume":"35","author":"Torii","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77133","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077133","article-title":"Heat shock protein 90: role in enterovirus 71 entry and assembly and potential target for therapy","volume":"8","author":"Tsou","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e32857","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032857","article-title":"Reverse genetics of SARS-related coronavirus using vaccinia virus-based recombination","volume":"7","author":"van den Worm","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0039","article-title":"Methylene blue, mycophenolic acid, posaconazole, and niclosamide inhibit SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant BA.1 infection of human airway epithelial organoids","volume":"3","author":"Volle","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Microb. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.05.001","article-title":"Heat shock protein-90-beta facilitates enterovirus 71 viral particles assembly","volume":"443","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2017.00267","article-title":"Geldanamycin reduces acute respiratory distress syndrome and promotes the survival of mice infected with the highly virulent H5N1 Influenza virus","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Cell Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27738","article-title":"Reverse genetics systems for SARS-CoV-2","volume":"94","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13931","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.241510898","article-title":"Host cell factor requirement for hepatitis C virus enzyme maturation","volume":"98","author":"Waxman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102151","article-title":"Transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infected human cell lines identifies HSP90 as target for COVID-19 therapy","volume":"24","author":"Wyler","year":"2021","journal-title":"iScience"},{"issue":"841\u2013848","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0027","first-page":"e3","article-title":"An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2","volume":"27","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2020.05.003","article-title":"Repurposing old drugs as antiviral agents for coronaviruses","volume":"43","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2020.09.014","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network in BmNPV infected cells treated with Hsp90 inhibitor","volume":"127","author":"Yin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/108705719900400206","article-title":"A simple statistical parameter for use in evaluation and validation of high throughput screening assays","volume":"4","author":"Zhang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biomol. Screen."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-00222-5","article-title":"Heparan sulfate assists SARS-CoV-2 in cell entry and can be targeted by approved drugs in vitro","volume":"6","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2020.10.013","article-title":"Hsp90 is involved in pseudorabies virus virion assembly via stabilizing major capsid protein VP5","volume":"553","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10293-x","article-title":"Mitoxantrone modulates a heparan sulfate-spike complex to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0052","article-title":"Understanding the role of SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a in viral pathogenesis and COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2021.105078","article-title":"A cell-based assay to discover inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase","volume":"190","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29690-x","article-title":"An anti-influenza A virus microbial metabolite acts by degrading viral endonuclease PA","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.019323-0","article-title":"Role of heat-shock protein 90 in hepatitis E virus capsid trafficking","volume":"91","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019","volume":"382","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170223001260?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170223001260?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T14:21:22Z","timestamp":1759155682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170223001260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"references-count":91,"alternative-id":["S0168170223001260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2023.01.10.523518","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Anthracyclines inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2023.199164","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"199164"}}