{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,13]],"date-time":"2026-09-13T03:19:28Z","timestamp":1789269568498,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005150","name":"Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-PT310-02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-PT310-02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005150","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U23A20474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZD2021CY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021CY001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018684","name":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018684","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012165","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2311003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2311003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012165","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFA1303600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFA1303600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003345","name":"Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T16:39:21Z","timestamp":1764088761000},"page":"199669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A novel monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved inner region of the hepatitis B virus envelope enables broad detection of immune escape variants"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"362","author":[{"given":"Yansong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Ashuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wuhui","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jieliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8367-5561","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenghong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3390\/v17081101","article-title":"Evolutionary insights of hepatitis B virus genotypes and profiles of mutations in surface and basal core promoter\/pre-core genes among HBsAg-positive patients in north-central and southwestern Nigeria","volume":"17","author":"Abechi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18849.x","article-title":"Site-directed mutagenesis of cysteine residues of hepatitis B surface antigen. Analysis of two single mutants and the double mutant","volume":"222","author":"Antoni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aohep.2023.101156","article-title":"Prevalence of occult hepatitis B virus infection and characterisation of hepatitis B surface antigen mutants among adults in western Croatia","volume":"29","author":"Bubonja-\u0160onje","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91874-A","article-title":"Vaccine-induced escape mutant of hepatitis B virus","volume":"336","author":"Carman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-021-00780-0","article-title":"A nuanced role of the small loop of hepatitis B virus small envelope protein in virion morphogenesis and secretion","volume":"28","author":"Chang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0006","article-title":"A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance of Hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes","volume":"47","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Hepatol. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801300218","article-title":"A systematic review of T-cell epitopes in hepatitis B virus: identification, genotypic variation and relevance to antiviral therapeutics","volume":"13","author":"Desmond","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antivir. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-016-2980-y","article-title":"Localization of immunodominant epitopes within the \u201ca\u201d determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen using monoclonal antibodies","volume":"161","author":"Golsaz-Shirazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.52.2.396-402.1984","article-title":"Large surface proteins of hepatitis B virus containing the pre-s sequence","volume":"52","author":"Heermann","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000149993","article-title":"Immunogenicity of the gene S and pre-S domains in hepatitis B virions and HBsAg filaments","volume":"28","author":"Heermann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Intervirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1998.38198141499.x","article-title":"New hepatitis B virus mutant form in a blood donor that is undetectable in several hepatitis B surface antigen screening assays","volume":"38","author":"Jongerius","year":"1998","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2002.tb00317.x","article-title":"Molecular, immunological and clinical properties of mutated hepatitis B viruses","volume":"6","author":"Kreutz","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Cell Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.36233\/0507-4088-291","article-title":"Occult hepatitis B: prevalence and clinical significance. Role in liver pathology and in viral coinfections","volume":"70","author":"Kushch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vopr. Virusol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.3390\/v11090778","article-title":"Immune-escape Hepatitis B virus mutations associated with viral reactivation upon immunosuppression","volume":"11","author":"Lazarevic","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840160106","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in an anti-HBc-nonreactive blood donor: variant virus or defective immune response?","volume":"16","author":"Lee","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-9151-4_1","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection: overview","volume":"1179","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Exp. Med. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i10.108479","article-title":"Association of serum hepatitis B surface antigen with hepatitis B virus DNA and hepatic function in patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"World J. Gastrointest. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0018","article-title":"Host immunity and HBV S gene mutation in HBsAg-negative HBV-infected patients","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-016-1244-7","article-title":"Novel and highly sensitive immunoassay for total hepatitis B surface antigen, including that complexed with hepatitis B surface antibody","volume":"52","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006629","article-title":"A systematic review of hepatitis B virus (HBV) drug and vaccine escape mutations in Africa: a call for urgent action","volume":"12","author":"Mokaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E263","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12979","article-title":"Analysis of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using high-sensitivity HBsAg assays in hepatitis B virus carriers in whom HBsAg seroclearance was confirmed by conventional assays","volume":"48","author":"Ozeki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00197-8","article-title":"Global prevalence, cascade of care, and prophylaxis coverage of hepatitis B in 2022: a modelling study","volume":"8","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2024.110184","article-title":"Exchanges in the \u201ca\u201d determinant of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen revisited","volume":"599","author":"Pond\u00e9","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27604","article-title":"Hepatitis B surface antigen genetic elements critical for immune escape correlate with hepatitis B virus reactivation upon immunosuppression","volume":"61","author":"Salpini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/v12020251","article-title":"A hyper-glycosylation of HBV surface antigen correlates with HBsAg-negativity at immunosuppression-driven HBV reactivation in Vivo and hinders HBsAg recognition in Vitro","volume":"12","author":"Salpini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.29609","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus sensitivity to interferon-\u03b1 in hepatocytes is more associated with cellular interferon response than with viral genotype","volume":"67","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02071-24","article-title":"Identification and characteristics of mutations promoting occult HBV infection by ultrasensitive HBsAg assay","volume":"63","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.49540","article-title":"Occult Hepatitis B virus infection in maintenance hemodialysis patients: prevalence and mutations in \u201ca\u201d determinant","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00508-07","article-title":"The amino acid residues at positions 120 to 123 are crucial for the antigenicity of hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"45","author":"Tian","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2020.104925","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus biology and life cycle","volume":"182","author":"Tsukuda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antiviral Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.13309","article-title":"Novel hepatitis B virus surface antigen mutations associated with occult genotype B hepatitis B virus infection affect HBsAg detection","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Viral. Hepat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s12250-012-3284-3","article-title":"A case of hepatitis B reactivation due to the hepatitis B virus escape mutant in a patient undergoing chemotherapy","volume":"27","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Virol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2013.43","article-title":"A mouse model for HBV immunotolerance and immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2015.11.016","article-title":"The Lumipulse G HBsAg-quant assay for screening and quantification of the hepatitis B surface antigen","volume":"228","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.35","article-title":"Hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"4","author":"Yuen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669_bib0036","article-title":"Study on pathological and clinical characteristics of chronic HBV infected patients with HBsAg positive, HBV DNA negative, HBeAg negative","volume":"13","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170225001479?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168170225001479?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T04:12:50Z","timestamp":1766117570000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168170225001479"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0168170225001479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A novel monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved inner region of the hepatitis B virus envelope enables broad detection of immune escape variants","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2025.199669","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"199669"}}