{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:10:42Z","timestamp":1792181442378,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"USDA ARS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58\\u20136066\\u20139\\u2013045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\\u20136066\\u20139\\u2013045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007917","name":"USDA ARS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["58\\u20136066\\u20134\\u2013020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\\u20136066\\u20134\\u2013020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Virus Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:25:38Z","timestamp":1773825938000},"page":"199715","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Honey bee hygienic selection impacts virus dynamics of both bees and Varroa mites"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"367","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8536-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmaeil","family":"Amiri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somayeh","family":"Mehrparvar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Valizadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaira","family":"Wagoner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-023-11047-6","article-title":"Acaricide residues in beeswax. Implications in honey, brood and honeybee","volume":"195","author":"Albero","year":"2023","journal-title":"Env. Monit. Assess"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frbee.2025.1509871","article-title":"Unhealthy brood odor scores predict pathogen loads of several important honey bee diseases","volume":"3","author":"Alger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bee Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140272","article-title":"Four categories of viral infection describe the health status of honey bee colonies","volume":"10","author":"Amiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2023.2264601","article-title":"A national survey of managed honey bee colony losses in the USA: results from the Bee Informed Partnership for 2020\u201321 and 2021\u201322","volume":"63","author":"Aurell","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1051\/apido\/2010011","article-title":"Breeding for resistance to Varroa destructor in Europe","volume":"41","author":"B\u00fcchler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Apidologie (Celle)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01","article-title":"brms: an R package for bayesian multilevel models using stan","volume":"80","author":"B\u00fcrkner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15020115","article-title":"Integrated pest management strategies to control varroa mites and their effect on viral loads in honey bee colonies","volume":"15","author":"Bubni\u010d","year":"2024","journal-title":"Insects."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2004031","article-title":"Transmission of Kashmir bee virus by the ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Apidologie (Celle)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.3390\/v13040679","article-title":"A new strain of virus discovered in China specific to the parasitic mite Varroa destructor poses a potential threat to honey bees","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-020117-043110","article-title":"Social immunity: emergence and evolution of colony-level disease protection","volume":"63","author":"Cremer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0032151","article-title":"Predictive markers of honey bee colony collapse","volume":"7","author":"Dainat","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01149-23","article-title":"Virus replication in the honey bee parasite, Varroa destructor","volume":"97","author":"Damayo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-016-0022-9","article-title":"Population growth of Varroa destructor (Acari: varroidae) in honey bee colonies is affected by the number of foragers with mites","volume":"69","author":"DeGrandi-Hoffman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.023853-0","article-title":"Varroa destructor is an effective vector of Israeli acute paralysis virus in the honeybee, Apis mellifera","volume":"92","author":"Di Prisco","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.231529","article-title":"Shift in virus composition in honeybees (Apis mellifera) following worldwide invasion by the parasitic mite and virus vector Varroa destructor","volume":"11","author":"Doublet","year":"2024","journal-title":"R. Soc. Open. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-022-01463-4","article-title":"Vector-virus interaction affects viral loads and co-occurrence","volume":"20","author":"Eliash","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2022.107788","article-title":"Multiple benefits of breeding honey bees for hygienic behavior","volume":"193","author":"Erez","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0237544","article-title":"Longitudinal monitoring of honey bee colonies reveals dynamic nature of virus abundance and indicates a negative impact of Lake Sinai virus 2 on colony health","volume":"15","author":"Faurot-Daniels","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2021.01.001","article-title":"Impact of Varroa destructor and associated pathologies on the colony collapse disorder affecting honey bees","volume":"135","author":"Flores","year":"2021","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057540","article-title":"Varroa-virus interaction in collapsing honey bee colonies","volume":"8","author":"Francis","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/rssa.12378","article-title":"Visualization in Bayesian workflow","volume":"182","author":"Gabry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. A: Stat. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0023","series-title":"Preliminary Results from the 2023-2024 US Beekeeping Survey: Colony loss and Management","author":"Giacobino","year":"2024"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.005579-0","article-title":"Deformed wing virus: replication and viral load in mites (Varroa destructor)","volume":"90","author":"Gisder","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0025","first-page":"1","article-title":"cooccur: probabilistic species co-occurrence analysis in R","volume":"69","author":"Griffith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw. Code Snippets"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44915-x","article-title":"Life-history stage determines the diet of ectoparasitic mites on their honey bee hosts","volume":"15","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0027","first-page":"100","article-title":"Evaluating colonies of honey bees for resistance to Varroa jacobsoni","volume":"4","author":"Harbo","year":"1996","journal-title":"BeeScience"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1603\/0046-225X-32.6.1305","article-title":"Variable population growth of varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: varroidae) in colonies of honey bees (Hymenoptera: apidae) during a 10-year period","volume":"32","author":"Harris","year":"2003","journal-title":"Env., Entomol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-019-00425-w","article-title":"Identification of new viral variants specific to the honey bee mite Varroa destructor","volume":"79","author":"Herrero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp, Appl, Acarol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-24946-4","article-title":"Honey bee colony loss linked to parasites, pesticides and extreme weather across the United States","volume":"12","author":"Insolia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieab058","article-title":"Integrated pest management control of varroa destructor (Acari: varroidae), the most damaging pest of (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: apidae)) colonies","volume":"21","author":"Jack","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1603\/EC10064","article-title":"Monitoring for resistance to organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in Varroa mite populations","volume":"103","author":"Kanga","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Econ, Entomol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0033","series-title":"ggpubr: 'ggplot2\u2032 Based Publication Ready Plots","author":"Kassambara","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.109104","article-title":"The local environmental factors impact the infestation of bee colonies by mite Varroa destructor","volume":"141","author":"Koren\u00e1 Hillayov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol, Indic."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11120873","article-title":"Geographical distribution and selection of European honey bees resistant to Varroa destructor","volume":"11","author":"Le Conte","year":"2020","journal-title":"Insects."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lenth, R. V. (2018). emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package version 1.2.2.","DOI":"10.32614\/CRAN.package.emmeans"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8809","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-12888-w","article-title":"Viral communities in the parasite varroa destructor and in colonies of their honey bee host (Apis mellifera) in New Zealand","volume":"12","author":"Lester","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep37710","article-title":"Two novel viruses associated with the Apis mellifera pathogenic mite Varroa destructor","volume":"6","author":"Levin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06094-11","article-title":"Acaricide treatment affects viral dynamics in Varroa destructor-infested honey bee colonies via both host physiology and mite control","volume":"78","author":"Locke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl, Env., Microbiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180910","article-title":"Persistence of subclinical deformed wing virus infections in honeybees following Varroa mite removal and a bee population turnover","volume":"12","author":"Locke","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2002.11101062","article-title":"Using inert dusts to detect and assess Varroa infestations in honey bee colonies","volume":"41","author":"Macedo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Apic., Res."},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01541","article-title":"bayestestR: describing effects and their uncertainty, existence and significance within the bayesian framework","volume":"4","author":"Makowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. open source softw."},{"issue":"6086","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220941","article-title":"Global honey bee viral landscape altered by a parasitic mite","volume":"336","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2664.2001.00662.x","article-title":"The role of Varroa and viral pathogens in the collapse of honeybee colonies: a modelling approach","volume":"38","author":"Martin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Appl., Ecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pclm.0000485","article-title":"Climatic predictors of prominent honey bee (Apis mellifera) disease agents: varroa destructor, melissococcus plutonius, and vairimorpha spp","volume":"3","author":"McAfee","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2015.01.015","article-title":"Honey bee colony losses and associated viruses","volume":"8","author":"McMenamin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0047","series-title":"Agricolae: Statistical Procedures For Agricultural Research","author":"Mendiburu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34390","article-title":"How stressors disrupt honey bee biological traits and overwintering mechanisms","volume":"10","author":"Minaud","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0049","first-page":"1","article-title":"More than sixty years living with Varroa destructor: a review of acaricide resistance","author":"Mitton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int, J. Pest Manage"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004323","article-title":"On the front line: quantitative virus dynamics in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies along a new expansion front of the parasite Varroa destructor","volume":"10","author":"Mondet","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Path"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0051","article-title":"Varroa destructor and its impacts on honey bee biology","volume":"1 - 2023","author":"Morfin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Bee Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2023.2243044","article-title":"Old strategies as modern solutions, shook swarming reduced Varroa destructor infestation rates of managed honey bee, Apis mellifera, colonies","volume":"64","author":"Mortensen","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Apic, Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-010715-023731","article-title":"Ecology of varroa destructor, the major ectoparasite of the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera","volume":"61","author":"Nazzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu, Rev, Entomol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002735","article-title":"Synergistic parasite-pathogen interactions mediated by host immunity can drive the collapse of honeybee colonies","volume":"8","author":"Nazzi","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Path"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2025.180650","article-title":"Insights from U.S. beekeeper triage surveys following unusually high honey bee colony losses 2024\u20132025","volume":"1003","author":"Nearman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci, Total Env."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0056","first-page":"237","article-title":"Biotic and abiotic factors associated with colonies mortalities of managed honey bee (Apis mellifera)","volume":"11","author":"Neov","year":"2019","journal-title":"Divers. (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0057","first-page":"278","article-title":"A simplified bioassay for behavioral resistance to american foulbrood in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)","volume":"126","author":"Newton","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am. Bee j."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1042\/ETLS20190125","article-title":"Varroa destructor: how does it harm Apis mellifera honey bees and what can be done about it?","volume":"4","author":"No\u00ebl","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Top. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0059","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adaptation to vector-based transmission in a honeybee virus","volume":"00","author":"Norton","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim, Ecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4852","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08643-w","article-title":"A derived honey bee stock confers resistance to Varroa destructor and associated viral transmission","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Shea-Wheller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0061","series-title":"patchwork: The Composer of Plots","author":"Pedersen","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0062","series-title":"tidygraph: A Tidy API for Graph Manipulation","author":"Pedersen","year":"2025"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242688","article-title":"Varroa destructor mites vector and transmit pathogenic honey bee viruses acquired from an artificial diet","volume":"15","author":"Posada-Florez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8989","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88649-y","article-title":"Pupal cannibalism by worker honey bees contributes to the spread of deformed wing virus","volume":"11","author":"Posada-Florez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-017-0501-y","article-title":"Coumaphos residues in honey, bee brood, and beeswax after Varroa treatment","volume":"48","author":"Premrov Bajuk","year":"2017","journal-title":"Apidologie (Celle)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1792","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818371116","article-title":"Varroa destructor feeds primarily on honey bee fat body tissue and not hemolymph","volume":"116","author":"Ramsey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1051\/apido\/2010015","article-title":"Breeding for resistance to Varroa destructor in North America","volume":"41","author":"Rinderer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Apidologie (Celle)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227264","article-title":"Detection of amitraz resistance and reduced treatment efficacy in the Varroa Mite, Varroa destructor, within commercial beekeeping operations","volume":"15","author":"Rinkevich","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0070","series-title":"broom: Convert statistical Objects Into Tidy Tibbles","author":"Robinson","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.07.016","article-title":"Biology and control of Varroa destructor","volume":"103","author":"Rosenkranz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invertebr, Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0072","series-title":"corrr: Correlations in R","author":"Ruiz","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0073","article-title":"The vectoring competence of the mite Varroa destructor for deformed wing virus of honey bees is dynamic and affects survival of the mite","volume":"2 - 2022","author":"Ryabov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Insect Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.53.1.16","article-title":"Slow bee paralysis virus and its transmission in honey bee pupae by Varroa destructor","volume":"53","author":"Santill\u00e1n-Galicia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Apic, Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.07.012","article-title":"The role of varroa mites in infections of Kashmir bee virus (KBV) and Deformed wing virus (DWV) in honey bees","volume":"342","author":"Shen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2021.1921467","article-title":"The first molecular characterization of Lake Sinai virus in honey bees (Apis mellifera) and Varroa destructor mites in Iran","volume":"62","author":"Shojaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Apic, Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-013-0870-2","article-title":"Pathogens, pests, and economics: drivers of honey bee colony declines and losses","volume":"10","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:19960407","article-title":"Honey bee hygienic behavior and defense against Varroa jacobsoni","volume":"27","author":"Spivak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Apidologie (Celle)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.53.1.01","article-title":"A national survey of managed honey bee 2012\u20132013 annual colony losses in the USA: results from the Bee Informed Partnership","volume":"53","author":"Steinhauer","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cois.2018.02.004","article-title":"Drivers of colony losses","volume":"26","author":"Steinhauer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Insect Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-0493(2008)101[668:WITPAE]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"What\u2019s in that package? An evaluation of quality of package honey bee (Hymenoptera: apidae) shipments in the United States","volume":"101","author":"Strange","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Econ., Entomol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2004.00776.x","article-title":"The dynamics of virus epidemics in Varroa-infested honey bee colonies","volume":"73","author":"Sumpter","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Anim, Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.32614\/RJ-2016-060","article-title":"ggfortify: unified interface to visualize statistical results of popular R packages","volume":"8","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"R J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.53.5.10","article-title":"Towards integrated control of Varroa: effect of variation in hygienic behaviour among honey bee colonies on mite population increase and deformed wing virus incidence","volume":"53","author":"Toufailia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Apic, Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2020.04.004","article-title":"Varroa destructor: a complex parasite, crippling honey bees worldwide","volume":"36","author":"Traynor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends. Parasitol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4071","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004071","article-title":"A survey of honey bee colony losses in the U.S., fall 2007 to Spring 2008","volume":"3","author":"vanEngelsdorp","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS. One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2012.00789.x","article-title":"A probabilistic model for analysing species co-occurrence","volume":"22","author":"Veech","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Ecol., Biogeogr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jisesa\/ieab064","article-title":"Hygiene-eliciting brood semiochemicals as a tool for assaying honey bee (Hymenoptera: apidae) colony resistance to Varroa (Mesostigmata: varroidae)","volume":"21","author":"Wagoner","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0089","series-title":"R Package 'corrplot': Visualization of a Correlation Matrix. (Version 0.95)","author":"Wei","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0094","series-title":"readxl: Read Excel Files","author":"Wickham","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0095","series-title":"dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation","author":"Wickham","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v021.i12","article-title":"Reshaping data with the reshape package","volume":"21","author":"Wickham","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0091","series-title":"ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis","author":"Wickham","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0092","first-page":"2017","volume":"1","author":"Wickham","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0093","series-title":"stringr: Simple, Consistent Wrappers for Common String Operations","author":"Wickham","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715_bib0096","series-title":"cowplot: Streamlined plot Theme and Plot Annotations for \u2018ggplot2","author":"Wilke","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Virus Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016817022600033X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016817022600033X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T16:46:27Z","timestamp":1777999587000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016817022600033X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S016817022600033X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1702"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1702","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Honey bee hygienic selection impacts virus dynamics of both bees and Varroa mites","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Virus Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virusres.2026.199715","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"199715"}}