{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:02:20Z","timestamp":1791219740852,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6-7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,18]],"date-time":"2013-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2696,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,1]],"date-time":"2006-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1141171200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vision Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,7]],"date-time":"2005-12-07T08:36:55Z","timestamp":1133944615000},"page":"895-901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["\u201cBothersome blur\u201d: A functional unit of blur perception"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Ciuffreda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arkady","family":"Selenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Balamurali","family":"Vasudevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Zikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven R.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1971.01000010265005","article-title":"Ophthalmic prescription in half-diopter intervals","volume":"86","author":"Appleton","year":"1971","journal-title":"Archives of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.01.022","article-title":"Noticeable, troublesome, and objectionable limits of blur","volume":"45","author":"Atchison","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1080\/713826091","article-title":"The depth of field of the human eye","volume":"4","author":"Campbell","year":"1957","journal-title":"Optica Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S711","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20040903-16","article-title":"Advanced surface ablation for presbyopia using the Nidek EC-5000 laser","volume":"20","author":"Cantu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Refractive Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib5","series-title":"Borish\u2019s clinical refraction: Principles and practice","first-page":"888","article-title":"Correction with multifocal spectacle lenses","author":"Cho","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib6","first-page":"231","article-title":"Accommodation and its anomalies","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib7","series-title":"Borish\u2019s clinical refraction: Principles and practice","first-page":"77","article-title":"Accommodation, pupil, and presbyopia","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.02.023","article-title":"Central and near peripheral retinal contributions to the depth-of-focus using naturalistic stimulation","volume":"45","author":"Ciuffreda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199707000-00021","article-title":"Relationship between contour plots and the limits of \u201cclear and comfortable\u201d vision in the near zone of progressive addition lenses","volume":"74","author":"Fisher","year":"1997","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(80)90063-2","article-title":"Depth of focus, eye size, and visual acuity","volume":"20","author":"Green","year":"1980","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.02-0507","article-title":"Dynamic interactions of eye and head movements when reading with single-vision and progressive lenses in a simulated computer-based environment","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.01-0912","article-title":"Static aspects of eye and head movements during reading in a simulated computer-based environment with single-vision and progressive lenses","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2003","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198908000-00010","article-title":"Effect of defocus on blur thresholds and on thresholds of perceived change in blur: comparison of source and observer methods","volume":"66","author":"Jacobs","year":"1989","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib14","series-title":"Optometric Pharmacology","author":"Jose","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib15","first-page":"47","article-title":"Problems with wavefront aberrations applied to refractive surgery: Developing standards","volume":"4252","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings of Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00336-2","article-title":"Static aspects of accommodation: Age and presbyopia","volume":"38","author":"Mordi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-7037(95)80023-9","article-title":"Comparison of the depth of focus with the naked eye and with three types of presbyopic contact lens correction","volume":"18","author":"Plakitsi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of the British Contact Lens Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00375","article-title":"Pixel independence: Measuring spatial interactions on a CRT display","volume":"10","author":"Pelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-200208000-00012","article-title":"Assessing visual performance with progressive addition lenses","volume":"79","author":"Selenow","year":"2002","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-1839(04)70021-4","article-title":"Progressive addition lenses\u2014matching the specific lens to patient needs","volume":"75","author":"Sheedy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Optometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197501000-00002","article-title":"The depth-of-focus of the human eye for Snellen letters","volume":"52","author":"Tucker","year":"1975","journal-title":"American Journal of Optometry and Physiological Optics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib22","unstructured":"Vasudevan, B., Ciuffreda, K.J., Wang, B. (in press). An objective technique to measure the depth-of-focus in free space. Graefes archives of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.01.001","article-title":"Depth-of-focus of the human eye in the near retinal periphery","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib24","first-page":"135","article-title":"Recent studies on blur perception in the near retinal periphery","volume":"6","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Optometry and Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib25","first-page":"52","article-title":"Blur discrimination of the human eye in the near retinal periphery","volume":"82","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2004.00250.x","article-title":"Foveal blur discrimination of the human eye","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib27","unstructured":"Wang, B., Ciuffreda, K.J. (in press). The depth-of-focus of the human eye: Theory and clinical implications. Survey of Ophthalmology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S554","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597X-20000901-12","article-title":"Visual benefit of correcting higher order aberrations of the eye","volume":"16","author":"Williams","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Refractive Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.19.000266","article-title":"Visual performance after correcting the monochromatic and chromatic aberrations of the eye","volume":"A19","author":"Yoon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America"}],"container-title":["Vision Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698905005213?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698905005213?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T01:04:51Z","timestamp":1758589491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042698905005213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6-7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0042698905005213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u201cBothersome blur\u201d: A functional unit of blur perception","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vision Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2005.10.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}