{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:22:46Z","timestamp":1790032966684,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":547,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vision Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,28]],"date-time":"2019-11-28T04:45:45Z","timestamp":1574916345000},"page":"12-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Effect of duration, and temporal modulation, of monochromatic light on emmetropization in chicks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6280-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frances","family":"Rucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.2174\/1874609811205030002","article-title":"Light-at-night-induced circadian disruption, cancer and aging","volume":"5","author":"Anisimov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current Aging Science"},{"issue":"5557","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1067262","article-title":"Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock","volume":"295","author":"Berson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.19-26711","article-title":"Ocular and systemic diurnal rhythms in emmetropic and myopic adults","volume":"60","author":"Burfield","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5176","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25389","article-title":"Ocular biometric diurnal rhythms in emmetropic and myopic adults","volume":"59","author":"Burfield","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.117-a20","article-title":"Missing the dark: Health effects of light pollution","volume":"117","author":"Chepesiuk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(89)90117-X","article-title":"Experimental myopia in cats reared in stroboscopic illumination","volume":"29","author":"Cremieux","year":"1989","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2005.12.016","article-title":"Low frequency temporal modulation of light promotes a myopic shift in refractive compensation to all spectacle lenses","volume":"83","author":"Crewther","year":"2006","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200206120-00010","article-title":"Refractive compensation to optical defocus depends on the temporal profile of luminance modulation of the environment","volume":"13","author":"Crewther","year":"2002","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00096","article-title":"Coupling between the circadian clock and dell cycle oscillators: Implication for healthy cells and malignant growth","volume":"6","author":"Feillet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neurology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8004","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12476","article-title":"Progressive myopia or hyperopia can be induced in chicks and reversed by manipulation of the chromaticity of ambient light","volume":"54","author":"Foulds","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2016.12.004","article-title":"The wavelength composition and temporal modulation of ambient lighting strongly affect refractive development in young tree shrews","volume":"155","author":"Gawne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2017.07.011","article-title":"Long-wavelength (red) light produces hyperopia in juvenile and adolescent tree shrews","volume":"140","author":"Gawne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000001283","article-title":"Juvenile Tree Shrews Do Not Maintain Emmetropia in Narrow-band Blue Light","volume":"95","author":"Gawne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science"},{"issue":"5557","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069609","article-title":"Melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells: Architecture, projections, and intrinsic photosensitivity","volume":"295","author":"Hattar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0075","first-page":"5526","article-title":"Effects of Long-wavelength Lighting Combined with Positive Lens Wear on Emmetropization in Young Rhesus Monkeys","volume":"57","author":"Hung","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.10.020","article-title":"Interactions of chromatic and lens-induced defocus during visual control of eye growth in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)","volume":"94","author":"Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00207362","article-title":"The eye of the blue acara (Aequidens pulcher, Cichlidae) grows to compensate for defocus due to chromatic aberration","volume":"179","author":"Kr\u00f6ger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12276","article-title":"The effects of monochromatic illumination on early eye development in rhesus monkeys","volume":"55","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2011.03.003","article-title":"Effects of different monochromatic lights on refractive development and eye growth in guinea pigs","volume":"92","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.3109\/15569520903178364","article-title":"Illumination with monochromatic long-wavelength light promotes myopic shift and ocular elongation in newborn pigmented guinea pigs","volume":"28","author":"Long","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0105","article-title":"Temporal whole field sawtooth flicker without a spatial component elicits a myopic shift following optical defocus irrespective of waveform direction in chicks","volume":"7","author":"Murphy","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0110","series-title":"Diurnal rhythms and eye growth in chicks","author":"Nickla","year":"1996"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s00359-005-0077-2","article-title":"The phase relationships between the diurnal rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness and the association with ocular growth rate in chicks","volume":"192","author":"Nickla","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s003590050368","article-title":"Isolated chick sclera shows a circadian rhythm in proteoglycan synthesis perhaps associated with the rhythm in ocular elongation","volume":"185","author":"Nickla","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Comparative Physiology A"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0125","first-page":"2519","article-title":"Diurnal rhythms in intraocular pressure, axial length, and choroidal thickness in a primate model of eye growth, the common marmoset","volume":"43","author":"Nickla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1006\/exer.1997.0420","article-title":"Visual influences on diurnal rhythms in ocular length and choroidal thickness in chick eyes","volume":"66","author":"Nickla","year":"1998","journal-title":"Experimental Eye Research"},{"issue":"5709","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1105121","article-title":"Illumination of the melanopsin signaling pathway","volume":"307","author":"Panda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04999.x","article-title":"Synaptic inputs to retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock","volume":"24","author":"Perez-Leon","year":"2006","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-17238","article-title":"Blue light protects against temporal frequency sensitive refractive changes","volume":"56","author":"Rucker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6003","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25322","article-title":"Color and temporal frequency sensitive eye growth in chick","volume":"59","author":"Rucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2008.06.003","article-title":"Cone signals for spectacle-lens compensation: Differential responses to short and long wavelengths","volume":"48","author":"Rucker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.26.001505","article-title":"Infrared photoretinoscope","volume":"26","author":"Schaeffel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Applied Optics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12312","article-title":"Animal models in myopia research","volume":"98","author":"Schaeffel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Optometry"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(97)00114-4","article-title":"Flicker parameters are different for suppression of myopia and hyperopia","volume":"37","author":"Schwahn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(02)00262-6","article-title":"Effects of longitudinal chromatic aberration on accommodation and emmetropization","volume":"42","author":"Seidemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0180","first-page":"6490","article-title":"Effects of long-wavelength lighting on refractive development in infant rhesus monkeys","volume":"56","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"IOVS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0185","first-page":"4039","article-title":"Effects of Long-Wavelength-Pass Filters on Refractive Development in Rhesus Monkeys","volume":"54","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"IOVS (ARVO abstract)"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.06.022","article-title":"Is the S-opponent chromatic sub-system sluggish?","volume":"44","author":"Smithson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2013.04.011","article-title":"Adverse health effects of nighttime lighting: Comments on AMA Policy Statement","volume":"45","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25228","article-title":"Wavelength defocus and temporal sensitivity affect refractive development in guinea pigs","volume":"60","author":"Tian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2007.10.019","article-title":"Two isoforms of chicken melanopsins show blue light sensitivity","volume":"581","author":"Torii","year":"2007","journal-title":"FEBS Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2016.12.007","article-title":"Violet light exposure can be a preventive strategy against myopia progression","volume":"15","author":"Torii","year":"2017","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4413","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-23880","article-title":"Effects of light of different spectral composition on refractive development and retinal dopamine in chicks","volume":"59","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2010.526750","article-title":"Effects of 530 nm green light on refractive status, melatonin, MT1 receptor, and melanopsin in the guinea pig","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Eye Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066480","article-title":"Mouse ganglion-cell photoreceptors are driven by the most sensitive rod pathway and by both types of cones","volume":"8","author":"Weng","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2017.06.004","article-title":"The chick eye in vision research: An excellent model for the study of ocular disease","volume":"61","author":"Wisely","year":"2017","journal-title":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1159\/000323179","article-title":"Effects of flickering light on refraction and changes in eye axial length of C57BL\/6 mice","volume":"46","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2013.262782","article-title":"Photoresponse diversity among the five types of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells","volume":"592","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8064","article-title":"The effect of temporal and spatial stimuli on the refractive status of guinea pigs following natural emmetropization","volume":"54","author":"Zhi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9197631","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9197631","article-title":"Effect of altered retinal cones\/opsins on refractive development under monochromatic lights in guinea pigs","volume":"2018","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Vision Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698919301968?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698919301968?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T01:17:05Z","timestamp":1758590225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042698919301968"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0042698919301968"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of duration, and temporal modulation, of monochromatic light on emmetropization in chicks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vision Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2019.11.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}