{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T06:28:25Z","timestamp":1790231305980,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":546,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vision Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T15:40:10Z","timestamp":1607528410000},"page":"64-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dyslexia and the magnocellular-parvocellular coactivaton hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"given":"Ambra","family":"Ciavarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Contemori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Battaglini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Barollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Casco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/0022219412464353","article-title":"The proposed changes for DSM-5 for SLD and ADHD: international perspectives\u2013Australia, Germany, Greece, India, Israel, Italy, Spain, Taiwan, United Kingdom, and United States","volume":"46","author":"Al-Yagon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2010.02.012","article-title":"Function of inhibition in visual cortical processing","volume":"20","author":"Alitto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf231","article-title":"Disabled readers suffer from visual and auditory impairments but not from a specific magnocellular deficit","volume":"125","author":"Amitay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelucci, A., Bressloff, P. C. (2006). Chapter 5 Contribution of feedforward, lateral and feedback connections to the classical receptive field center and extra-classical receptive field surround of primate V1 neurons. Progress in Brain Research, Vol. 154, 93\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)54005-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)54005-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523898154160","article-title":"The influence of fixational eye movements on the response of neurons in area MT of the macaque","volume":"15","author":"Bair","year":"1998","journal-title":"Visual Neuroscience"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-170731","article-title":"Perceptual learning improves contrast sensitivity, visual acuity, and foveal crowding in amblyopia","volume":"35","author":"Barollo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55602-z","article-title":"Excitatory and inhibitory lateral interactions effects on contrast detection are modulated by tRNS","volume":"9","author":"Battaglini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.04.018","article-title":"Is excessive visual crowding causally linked to developmental dyslexia?","volume":"130","author":"Bertoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.133.2.346","article-title":"M-stream deficits and reading-related visual processes in developmental dyslexia","volume":"133","author":"Boden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2010.01527.x","article-title":"Coherent Motion sensitivity and reading development in the transition from prereading to reading stage","volume":"82","author":"Boets","year":"2011","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The psychophysics toolbox","volume":"10","author":"Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/15.8.25","article-title":"Suppressive effects on motion discrimination induced by transient flankers are reduced by perceptual learning","volume":"15","author":"Casco","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.40924","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity reveals an oculomotor strategy for temporally encoding space","volume":"8","author":"Casile","year":"2019","journal-title":"ELife"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1051","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2008.10.003","article-title":"Brief motion stimuli preferentially activate surround-suppressed neurons in macaque visual area MT","volume":"18","author":"Churan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/9.4.15","article-title":"Interaction of spatial and temporal factors in psychophysical estimates of surround suppression","volume":"9","author":"Churan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.204","article-title":"DRC: A dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud","volume":"108","author":"Coltheart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"March","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2019.03.008","article-title":"Developmental dyslexia: A deficit in magnocellular-parvocellular co-activation, not simply in pure magnocellular activation","volume":"159","author":"Contemori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.05.004","article-title":"The neural code for written words: A proposal","volume":"9","author":"Dehaene","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Sciences"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13363","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13363","article-title":"Brain activity in visual cortex predicts individual differences in reading performance","volume":"94","author":"Demb","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015498","article-title":"Spatial and temporal contrast sensitivities of neurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of macaque","volume":"357","author":"Derrington","year":"1984","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1038\/382066a0","article-title":"Abnormal processing of visual motion in dyslexia revealed by functional brain imaging","volume":"382","author":"Eden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12787","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2327-10.2010","article-title":"Surround suppression sharpens the priority map in the lateral intraparietal area","volume":"30","author":"Falkner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8243","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1608-12.2013","article-title":"A substantial and unexpected enhancement of motion perception in autism","volume":"33","author":"Foss-Feig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-17626-1","article-title":"A different vision of dyslexia: Local precedence on global perception","volume":"7","author":"Franceschini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2000","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0125","first-page":"73","article-title":"Developmental Dyslexia: a different perceptual strategy and how to learn a new strategy for reading","volume":"26","author":"Geiger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Saggi"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06358.x","article-title":"Comparison of spatial integration and surround suppression characteristics in spiking activity and the local field potential in macaque V1","volume":"28","author":"Gieselmann","year":"2008","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.2307\/1423322","article-title":"Letter identification and lateral masking in dyslexic and average readers","volume":"103","author":"Goolkasian","year":"1990","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/15.1.8","article-title":"How the visual aspects can be crucial in reading acquisition? The intriguing case of crowding and developmental dyslexia","volume":"15","author":"Gori","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2013.11.011","article-title":"Perceptual learning as a possible new approach for remediation and prevention of developmental dyslexia","volume":"99","author":"Gori","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv206","article-title":"Multiple causal links between magnocellular\u2013dorsal pathway deficit and developmental dyslexia","volume":"26","author":"Gori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cerebral Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2009.11.004","article-title":"A dual-route perspective on eye movements of dyslexic readers","volume":"115","author":"Hawelka","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"6695","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1038\/29537","article-title":"Cortical feedback improves discrimination between figure and background by V1, V2 and V3 neurons","volume":"394","author":"Hup\u00e9","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/17.5.1","article-title":"Encoding of rapid time-varying information is impaired in poor readers","volume":"17","author":"Johnston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-06967-6","article-title":"Visual perception in dyslexia is limited by sub-optimal scale selection","volume":"7","author":"Johnston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00397","article-title":"Improving Dorsal Stream Function in Dyslexics by Training Figure\/Ground Motion Discrimination Improves Attention, Reading Fluency, and Working Memory","volume":"10","author":"Lawton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00236","article-title":"Training on movement figure-ground discrimination remediates low-level visual timing deficits in the dorsal stream, improving high-level cognitive functioning, including attention, reading fluency, and working memory","volume":"11","author":"Lawton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Human Neuroscience"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.06.002","article-title":"Towards an understanding of the role of the \u2018magnocellular advantage\u2019 in fluent reading","volume":"32","author":"Laycock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3921\/joptom.2009.19","article-title":"Development of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity in Children","volume":"2","author":"Leat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Optometry"},{"issue":"2B","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1912375","article-title":"Transformed Up\u2010Down Methods in Psychoacoustics","volume":"49","author":"Levitt","year":"1971","journal-title":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7943","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.18.7943","article-title":"Physiological and anatomical evidence for a magnocellular defect in developmental dyslexia","volume":"88","author":"Livingstone","year":"1991","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0205","unstructured":"Losito, N., Tressoldi, P. E., & Cornoldi, C. (2014). Punti zo percentili? Sillabe\/secondo, tempo complessivo tempo\/sillaba? Come valutare la rapidit\u00e0 nelle prove di lettura."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-150575","article-title":"Perceptual learning leads to long lasting visual improvement in patients with central vision loss","volume":"34","author":"Maniglia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025568","article-title":"Reducing Crowding by Weakening Inhibitory Lateral Interactions in the Periphery with Perceptual Learning","volume":"6","author":"Maniglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/9.4.14","article-title":"Crowding, reading, and developmental dyslexia","volume":"9","author":"Martelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3323","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.10-10-03323.1990","article-title":"Magnocellular and parvocellular contributions to responses in the middle temporal visual area (MT) of the macaque monkey","volume":"10","author":"Maunsell","year":"1990","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3758\/s13414-011-0222-7","article-title":"Observers can voluntarily shift their psychometric functions without losing sensitivity","volume":"74","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2619","article-title":"May 8). Parallel processing strategies of the primate visual system","volume":"10","author":"Nassi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2014.08.018","article-title":"Multiple components of surround modulation in primary visual cortex: Multiple neural circuits with multiple functions?","volume":"104","author":"Nurminen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/14.10.259","article-title":"Mechanisms of motion-based object segregation","volume":"14","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366","article-title":"The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies","volume":"10","author":"Pelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial Vision"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.114.2.273","article-title":"Nested incremental modeling in the development of computational theories: The CDP+ model of reading aloud","volume":"114","author":"Perry","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380507","article-title":"Dyslexia","volume":"338","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.103.1.56","article-title":"Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains","volume":"103","author":"Plaut","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(94)90258-5","article-title":"The architecture of perceptual spatial interactions","volume":"34","author":"Polat","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.01.002","article-title":"The Normalization Model of Attention","volume":"61","author":"Reynolds","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl353","article-title":"Impaired filtering of behaviourally irrelevant visual information in dyslexia","volume":"130","author":"Roach","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-020-01752-5","article-title":"Investigating the role of temporal processing in developmental dyslexia: Evidence for a specific deficit in rapid visual segmentation","volume":"27","author":"Ronconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin & Review"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(96)00012-5","article-title":"Suppression of the magnocellular pathway during saccades","volume":"80","author":"Ross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behavioural Brain Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v14.i1.20","article-title":"Impairment of GABAergic transmission in depression: New insights from neuroimaging studies","volume":"14","author":"Sanacora","year":"2000","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12857","article-title":"Attention and normalization circuits in macaque V1","volume":"41","author":"Sanayei","year":"2015","journal-title":"European Journal of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"6573","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/380442a0","article-title":"Convergence of magno- and parvocellular pathways in layer 4B of macaque primary visual cortex","volume":"380","author":"Sawatari","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199801293380507","article-title":"Dyslexia","volume":"338","author":"Shaywitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.28.061604.135731","article-title":"The circuitry of V1 and V2: Integration of Color, Form, and Motion","volume":"28","author":"Sincich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annual Review of Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949903200101","article-title":"The possible relationship between visual deficits and dyslexia: Examination of a critical assumption","volume":"32","author":"Skottun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2015.07.002","article-title":"On the use of spatial frequency to isolate contributions from the magnocellular and parvocellular systems and the dorsal and ventral cortical streams","volume":"56","author":"Skottun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(99)00170-4","article-title":"The magnocellular deficit theory of dyslexia: The evidence from contrast sensitivity","volume":"40","author":"Skottun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/01658100701555121","article-title":"Temporal frequency and the magnocellular and parvocellular systems","volume":"32","author":"Skottun","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuro-Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/dys.186","article-title":"The Magnocellular Theory of Developmental Dyslexia","volume":"7","author":"Stein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dyslexia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.022","article-title":"The current status of the magnocellular theory of developmental dyslexia","volume":"130","author":"Stein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2005.01.029","article-title":"Optimal size for perceiving motion decreases with contrast","volume":"45","author":"Tadin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"6946","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01800","article-title":"Perceptual consequences of centre-surround antagonism in visual motion processing","volume":"424","author":"Tadin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(00)00020-8","article-title":"Visual motion sensitivity in dyslexia: Evidence for temporal and energy integration deficits","volume":"38","author":"Talcott","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(78)90104-9","article-title":"Contrast sensitivity during saccadic eye movements","volume":"18","author":"Volkmann","year":"1978","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/15.13.21","article-title":"Two common psychophysical measures of surround suppression reflect independent neuronal mechanisms","volume":"15","author":"Yazdani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3777","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6158-09.2010","article-title":"GABA concentration is reduced in visual cortex in schizophrenia and correlates with orientation-specific surround suppression","volume":"30","author":"Yoon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0380","unstructured":"Zorzi, M. (2005). Computational models of reading. In Psychology Press (Ed.), moh-it.pure.elsevier.com. Retrieved from https:\/\/moh-it.pure.elsevier.com\/en\/publications\/computational-models-of-reading."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1080\/016909698386555","article-title":"The Development of Spelling-Sound Relationships in a Model of Phonological Reading","volume":"13","author":"Zorzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008_b0390","first-page":"1131","article-title":"Two Routes or One in Reading Aloud? A Connectionist Dual-Process Model","volume":"24","author":"Zorzi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"}],"container-title":["Vision Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698920301802?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698920301802?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T01:20:02Z","timestamp":1758590402000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042698920301802"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["S0042698920301802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dyslexia and the magnocellular-parvocellular coactivaton hypothesis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vision Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2020.10.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}