{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T14:06:54Z","timestamp":1776434814619,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006021","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019Armement","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HUM-1-2214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HUM-1-2214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vision Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T22:59:50Z","timestamp":1773529190000},"page":"108812","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Accommodation and visual discomfort: a laboratory, optometric and subjective analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5580-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R\u00e9mi","family":"Coq","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Legras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Plantier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascaline","family":"Neveu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000685","article-title":"Comparing autorefractors for measurement of accommodation","volume":"92","author":"Aldaba","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3653","article-title":"Age-related changes in accommodative dynamics from preschool to adulthood","volume":"51","author":"Anderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12340","article-title":"Accommodation stimulus and response determinations with autorefractors","volume":"37","author":"Atchison","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2018.03.002","article-title":"Influence of contrast polarity on the accommodative response","volume":"12","author":"Bernal-Molina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Optometry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2005.02.008","article-title":"Computer vision syndrome: A review","volume":"50","author":"Blehm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Survey of Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2019.05.002","article-title":"Sources of error in clinical measurement of the amplitude of accommodation","volume":"13","author":"Burns","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Optometry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12234","article-title":"Microfluctuations in accommodation: An update on their characteristics and possible role","volume":"35","author":"Charman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181ae1b7c","article-title":"Visual discomfort and objective measures of static accommodation","volume":"86","author":"Chase","year":"2009","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1518\/001872098779649247","article-title":"A comparison of seven visual fatigue assessment techniques in three data-acquisition VDT tasks","volume":"40","author":"Chi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Human Factors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0938.2009.00361.x","article-title":"Role of ocular aberrations in dynamic accommodation control","volume":"92","author":"Chin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Optometry"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optm.2010.10.013","article-title":"Accommodation and convergence during sustained computer work","volume":"82","author":"Collier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.13304","article-title":"Accommodative response and visual fatigue following a non-congruent visual task in non-asthenopic and asthenopic individuals","volume":"44","author":"Coq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2735969","article-title":"Amplitude, Latency, and Peak Velocity in Accommodation and Disaccommodation Dynamics","volume":"2017","author":"Del \u00c1guila-Carrasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12913","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of an accommodative support lens designed for computer users","volume":"42","author":"Del Mar Segu\u00ed-Crespo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.22.001732","article-title":"Study on the effects of monochromatic aberrations in the accommodation response by using adaptive optics","volume":"22","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2014.06.005","article-title":"Symptomatology associated with accommodative and binocular vision anomalies","volume":"7","author":"Garc\u00eda-Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Optometry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0085","first-page":"2950","article-title":"Comparison of simultaneous measures of accommodation using the PowerRef 3 and Grand Seiko WAM-5500","volume":"59","author":"Gehring","year":"2018","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00381485","article-title":"Visual fatigue in video display terminal operators: Objective measure and relation to environmental conditions","volume":"60","author":"Gobba","year":"1988","journal-title":"International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1475-1313.2000.00474.x","article-title":"Accommodation microfluctuations and pupil size during sustained viewing of visual display terminals","volume":"20","author":"Gray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1068\/p7397","article-title":"Accommodation to uncomfortable patterns","volume":"42","author":"Haigh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2006.02.006","article-title":"Characteristics of Accommodative Behavior during Sustained Reading in Emmetropes and Myopes","volume":"46","author":"Harb","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12851","article-title":"Ocular and visual discomfort associated with smartphones, tablets and computers: What we do and do not know","volume":"102","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical & Experimental Optometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2018.02.001","article-title":"Is 25Hz enough to accurately measure a dynamic change in the ocular accommodation?","volume":"12","author":"Labhishetty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Optometry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2352\/J.ImagingSci.Technol.2009.53.3.030201","article-title":"Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review","volume":"53","author":"Lambooij","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Imaging Science and Technology"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1167\/10.14.1","article-title":"The effect of blur adaptation on accommodative response and pupil size during reading","volume":"10","author":"Le","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Vision"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0130","article-title":"Factors associated with visual fatigue from curved monitor use: A prospective study of healthy subjects","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One1"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6989(87)90028-9","article-title":"Psychophysics of reading\u2014V. The role of contrast in normal vision","volume":"27","author":"Legge","year":"1987","journal-title":"Vision Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0140","unstructured":"Musa, M. J., & Zeppieri, M. (2025). Principles and Technique of Fogging During Subjective Refraction. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK585051\/."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59020412","article-title":"Computer vision syndrome: An ophthalmic pathology of the modern era","volume":"59","author":"Pavel","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2012.00925.x","article-title":"Computer-related visual symptoms in office workers","volume":"32","author":"Portello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2486\/indhealth.32.57","article-title":"Physiological indices of visual fatigue due to VDT operation: Pupillary reflexes and accommodative responses","volume":"32","author":"Saito","year":"1994","journal-title":"Industrial Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0160","series-title":"Clinical Management of Binocular Vision: Heterophoric, Accommodative, and Eye Movement Disorders","author":"Scheiman","year":"2013"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1080\/09500340600855460","article-title":"The physiology of eyestrain","volume":"54","author":"Sheedy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Optics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0170","first-page":"732","article-title":"Is all asthenopia the same?","volume":"80","author":"Sheedy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2018-000146","article-title":"Digital eye strain: Prevalence, measurement and amelioration","volume":"3","author":"Sheppard","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0180","first-page":"34","article-title":"Validation of Novel Metrics from the Accommodative Dynamic Profile","volume":"2","author":"Szostek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vision (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0185","first-page":"27","article-title":"Effect size, confidence intervals and statistical power in psychological research","volume":"8","author":"T\u00e9llez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychology in Russia: State of the Art"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e31827a233e","article-title":"Visual fatigue and accommodative dynamics in asymptomatic individuals","volume":"90","author":"Thiagarajan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optometry and Vision Science: Official Publication of the American Academy of Optometry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2009.00687.x","article-title":"Accommodation response and visual discomfort","volume":"29","author":"Tosha","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics: The Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/1477153515612526","article-title":"A physiological basis for visual discomfort: Application in lighting design","volume":"48","author":"Wilkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lighting Research & Technology"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/107.4.989","article-title":"A neurological basis for visual discomfort","volume":"107","author":"Wilkins","year":"1984","journal-title":"Brain: A Journal of Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7066","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19127066","article-title":"Variability of Accommodative Microfluctuations in Myopic and Emmetropic Juveniles during Sustained near work","volume":"19","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"}],"container-title":["Vision Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698926000647?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0042698926000647?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:32:16Z","timestamp":1776432736000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0042698926000647"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0042698926000647"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812","relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-6989"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-6989","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Accommodation and visual discomfort: a laboratory, optometric and subjective analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Vision Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2026.108812","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108812"}}