{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T09:14:29Z","timestamp":1768986869728,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009098","name":"Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,22]],"date-time":"2018-02-22T10:53:44Z","timestamp":1519296824000},"page":"91-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Occurrence of trypanosome infections in cattle in relation to season, livestock movement and management practices of Maasai pastoralists in Northern Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Esther G.","family":"Kimaro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny-Ann L.M.L.","family":"Toribio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Gwakisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0121-2016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siobhan M.","family":"Mor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0005","author":"ADF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161291","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in host-vector contact: tsetse (Glossina swynnertoni and G. pallidipes) host choice in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania","volume":"11","author":"Auty","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/374191","article-title":"Trypanosomosis, its risk factors, and anaemia in cattle population of dale Wabera District of Kellem Wollega Zone, Western Ethiopia","volume":"2014","author":"Biyazen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0020","first-page":"13","article-title":"Awareness, knowledge and practice of pastoralists and agropastoralists towards livestock diseases affecting domestic animals in Arusha, Manyara and Morogoro regions Tanzania","volume":"1","author":"Chengula","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Health Med. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0025","article-title":"Tsetse distribution in Tanzania: 2012 status","volume":"28","author":"Daffa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tanzania Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2017.02.002","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine trypanosomosis and assessment of trypanocidal drug resistance in tsetse infested and non-tsetse infested areas of Northwest Ethiopia","volume":"2","author":"Dagnachew","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.07.004","article-title":"Development of a mathematical model for mechanical transmission of trypanosomes and other pathogens of cattle transmitted by tabanids","volume":"39","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","article-title":"Developing a progressive control pathway for African animal trypanosomosis","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0045","author":"FAO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.022","article-title":"Trypanosomosis prevalence in cattle on Mafia Island (Tanzania)","volume":"139","author":"Goossens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2009.03.009","article-title":"Characterisation and validation of farmers' knowledge and practice of cattle trypanosomosis management in the cotton zone of West Africa","volume":"111","author":"Grace","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v81i1.843","article-title":"Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle in Monduli district, northern Tanzania","volume":"81","author":"Haji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0840-5","article-title":"Determination of the prevalence of trypanosome species in cattle from Monduli district, northern Tanzania, by loop mediated isothermal amplification","volume":"47","author":"Haji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.07.003","article-title":"A practical approach to calculate sample size for herd prevalence surveys","volume":"65","author":"Humphry","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1080\/17451590903557526","article-title":"Human-wildlife conflicts in monduli District, Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Kaswamila","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.08.023","article-title":"Seasonal occurrence of Theileria parva infection and management practices amongst Maasai pastoralist communities in Monduli District, Northern Tanzania","volume":"246","author":"Kimaro","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000080100","article-title":"Genetically discrete populations of Trypanosoma congolense from livestock on the Kenyan coast","volume":"96","author":"Knowles","year":"1988","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-521X(98)00086-9","article-title":"Measuring the costs of African animal trypanosomosis, the potential benefits of control and returns to research","volume":"59","author":"Kristjanson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0095","author":"Kuzoe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1112-y","article-title":"Studies of trypanosomiasis in the Luangwa valley, north-eastern Zambia","volume":"8","author":"Laohasinnarong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-706X(93)90024-6","article-title":"Epidemiology of bovine trypanosomiasis in the Ghibe valley, southwest Ethiopia 1. Tsetse challenge and its relationship to trypanosome prevalence in cattle","volume":"53","author":"Leak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0110","first-page":"213","article-title":"A comparative study on the clinical, parasitological and molecular diagnosis of bovine trypanosomosis in Uganda","volume":"70","author":"Magona","year":"2003","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0115","first-page":"399","article-title":"Fifty years of tsetse control in Tanzania: challenges and prospects for the future","volume":"13","author":"Malele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tanzania J. Health Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-217","article-title":"Multiple Trypanosoma infections are common amongst Glossina species in the new farming areas of Rufiji district, Tanzania","volume":"4","author":"Malele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00711.x","article-title":"Seasonal distribution and abundance of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) in the Faro and Deo Division of the Adamaoua Plateau in Cameroon","volume":"22","author":"Mamoudou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0130","series-title":"Human Population and Socio-economic Changes on Tsetse-transmitted Trypanosomiasis to 2050. The African Trypanosomes","first-page":"25","article-title":"Effects of climate","author":"McDermott","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005247","article-title":"Past and ongoing tsetse and animal trypanosomiasis control operations in five African countries: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Meyer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0140","author":"MLDF"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2011.0654","article-title":"Predicting the effect of climate change on African trypanosomiasis: integrating epidemiology with parasite and vector biology","volume":"9","author":"Moore","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. R. Soc. Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00365-4","article-title":"Application of PCR and DNA probes in the characterisation of trypanosomes in the blood of cattle in farms in Morogoro, Tanzania","volume":"94","author":"Mugittu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/149.3.311","article-title":"Genetic resistance to African trypanosomiasis","volume":"149","author":"Murray","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017284","article-title":"Tracking the feeding patterns of tsetse flies (Glossina genus) by analysis of bloodmeals using mitochondrial cytochromes genes","volume":"6","author":"Muturi","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-217","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological studies on animal trypanosomiases in Ghana","volume":"5","author":"Nakayima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-282","article-title":"The use of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) to detect the re-emerging human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) in the Luangwa and Zambezi valleys","volume":"5","author":"Namangala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12237","article-title":"Variation of tsetse fly abundance in relation to habitat and host presence in the Maasai Steppe, Tanzania","volume":"42","author":"Ngonyoka","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-004-1267-5","article-title":"The use of ITS1 rDNA PCR in detecting pathogenic African trypanosomes","volume":"95","author":"Njiru","year":"2005","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/jvec.12236","article-title":"Seasonal variation of tsetse fly species abundance and prevalence of trypanosomes in the Maasai steppe, Tanzania","volume":"42","author":"Nnko","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vector Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8809(99)00103-6","article-title":"Human population growth and the extinction of the tsetse fly","volume":"77","author":"Reid","year":"2000","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0195","author":"Rutabanzibwa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0200","article-title":"Relative abundance of tsetse fly species and their infection rates in simanjiro, Northern Tanzania","volume":"26","author":"Salekwa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Livest. Res. Rural. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0205","author":"Sergeant"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2012.459-464","article-title":"A parasitological survey for bovine trypanosomosis in the livestock\/wildlife ecozone of Northern Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"Swai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.02.010","article-title":"A changing environment and the epidemiology of tsetse-transmitted livestock trypanosomiasis","volume":"26","author":"Van Den Bossche","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240593901730240X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S240593901730240X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,9]],"date-time":"2019-08-09T01:43:52Z","timestamp":1565315032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S240593901730240X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S240593901730240X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Occurrence of trypanosome infections in cattle in relation to season, livestock movement and management practices of Maasai pastoralists in Northern Tanzania","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}