{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T09:38:05Z","timestamp":1782293885186,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,5]],"date-time":"2018-06-05T04:03:54Z","timestamp":1528171434000},"page":"148-155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dracunculus infections in domestic dogs and cats in North America; an under-recognized parasite?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Brianna M.","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme G.","family":"Verocai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liandrie","family":"Swanepoel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin D.","family":"Niedringhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey L.","family":"Paras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoko","family":"Nagamori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Varela-Stokes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Nemeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Wyrosdick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leigh","family":"Deal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawn","family":"Gauthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Prouty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"DeAngelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Piepgras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyn H.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl B.","family":"Milliren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jackie S.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cyndy","family":"Lyons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeremi","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Stumph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mindy M.","family":"Borst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy L.","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine M.","family":"Baird","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen A.","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph W.","family":"Camp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassan N.","family":"Pulaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2452-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Yabsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.06.010","article-title":"Serological cross-reactivity of three commercial in-house immunoassays for detection of Dirofilaria immitis antigens with Spirocerca lupi in dogs with benign esophageal spirocercosis","volume":"211","author":"Aroch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1179\/136485905X51355","article-title":"Differentiating Dracunculus medinensis from D. insignis, by the sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene","volume":"99","author":"Bimi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0025","first-page":"119","article-title":"Primer reporte de Dracunculus spp. en la provincial de Santa F\u00e9 Argentina","volume":"70","author":"Bono Battistoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Ibero-Latinoam. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.2307\/3282831","article-title":"Distribution, behavior, and course of patency of Dracunculus insignis in experimentally infected ferrets","volume":"76","author":"Brandt","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.08.015","article-title":"Evaluation of cardiopulmonary biomarkers during classic adulticide treatment versus the American heartworm society recommended treatment protocol in dogs infected by Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"206","author":"Carret\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2307\/3272963","article-title":"The helminths of raccoons in East Texas","volume":"28","author":"Chandler","year":"1942","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1942.s1-22.153","article-title":"The Guinea worm, Dracunculus insignis (Leidy 1858), a common parasite of raccoons in East Texas","volume":"22","author":"Chandler","year":"1942","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0050","first-page":"421","article-title":"On the occurrence of the north American Guinea worm in mink, otter, raccoon, and skunk in New York state","volume":"38","author":"Cheatum","year":"1948","journal-title":"Cornell Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1933.02740110014005","article-title":"Does the Guinea-worm occur in North America?","volume":"100","author":"Chitwood","year":"1950","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.161931","article-title":"Possible role of fish as transport hosts for Dracunculus spp. larvae","volume":"23","author":"Cleveland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1139\/z74-019","article-title":"Distribution and prevalence of Dracunculus spp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in mammals in Ontario","volume":"52","author":"Crichton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1139\/z73-077","article-title":"Dracunculus lutrae n. Sp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) from the otter, Lutra canadensis, in Ontario, Canada","volume":"51","author":"Crichton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1139\/z75-014","article-title":"Migration, growth, and morphogenesis of Dracunculus insignis (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea)","volume":"53","author":"Crichton","year":"1974","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0080","first-page":"176","article-title":"Observations on the seasonal prevalence, pathology, and transmission of Dracunculus insignis in the raccoon in Ontario","volume":"16","author":"Crichton","year":"1977","journal-title":"Can.Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00011962","article-title":"Chemoprophylactic drug trials for treatment of dracunculiasis using the Dracunculus insignis-ferret model","volume":"64","author":"Eberhard","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Helmithol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0554","article-title":"The peculiar epidemiology of dracunculiasis in Chad","volume":"90","author":"Eberhard","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30380-2","article-title":"Dogs and Guinea worm eradication","volume":"11","author":"Eberhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2208.160043","article-title":"Possible role of fish and frogs as paratenic hosts of Dracunculus medinensis, Chad","volume":"22","author":"Eberhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2211.161332","article-title":"Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) infection in a wild-caught frog, Chad","volume":"22","author":"Eberhard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2008.02393.x","article-title":"Species identification of north American Guinea worms (Nematoda: Dracunculus) with DNA barcoding","volume":"9","author":"Elsasser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0140","series-title":"An Atlas of Metzoan Parasites in Animal Tissues","first-page":"63","author":"Gardiner","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0145","series-title":"Canine and Feline Dirofilariasis: Life Cycle, Pathophysiology, and Diagnosis: Compendium","first-page":"133","volume":"Vol. 30","author":"Hoch","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46651995000300016","article-title":"Reporte de un caso de dracunculosis en un cano en la Provincia de Formosa, Argentina","volume":"37","author":"Hoyos","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. S\u00e3o Paulo Inst. Trop. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2016.42.2.67","article-title":"Dracunculiasis in oral and maxillofacial surgery","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Korean Assoc. Oral Maxillofac. Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1638\/2014-0116.1","article-title":"Association between positive canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) antigen results and presence of Acanthocheilonema odenhali microfilaria in California Sea lions (Zalophus californianus)","volume":"47","author":"Krucik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Zool. Wildl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X13502976","article-title":"First report of Dracunculus insignis in two naturally infected cats from the northeastern USA","volume":"16","author":"Lucio-Forster","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Feline Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0005495","article-title":"Guinea worm eradication: progress and challenges\u2014 should we beware of the dog?","volume":"11","author":"Molyneux","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0190","series-title":"Dracunculoid and Anguillicoloid Nematodes","first-page":"634","author":"Moravec","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2307\/3278670","article-title":"The biology of Spirometra","volume":"60","author":"Mueller","year":"1974","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2008.46.3.171","article-title":"Ectopic migration of an adult heartworm in a dog with dirofilariasis","volume":"46","author":"Oh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.2307\/3275301","article-title":"Morphology of the larval stages of Dirofilaria immitis in the dog","volume":"47","author":"Orihel","year":"1961","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.12082","article-title":"Advancing nematode barcoding: a primer cocktail for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene from vertebrate parasitic nematodes","volume":"13","author":"Prosser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. Ecol. Resour."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0220","series-title":"Zoopar\u00e1sitos de inter\u00e9s veterinario. Su distribuci\u00f3n en la Argentina seg\u00fan comprobaciones de la Direcci\u00f3n de Patolog\u00eda Animal (1935\u20131945)","first-page":"54","author":"Ringuelet","year":"1948"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0225","first-page":"255","article-title":"Dracunculosis en perros de la provincia de Formosa (Rep\u00fablica Argentina)","volume":"359","author":"Riveros","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gaceta Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0230","first-page":"164","article-title":"Primera cita de dracunculosis en un puma (Puma concolor concolor)","volume":"358","author":"Rossister","year":"1981","journal-title":"Gaceta Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0235","first-page":"15","article-title":"Zoopar\u00e1sitos de inter\u00e9s veterinario: Revista de Investigaciones Ganaderas","volume":"1","author":"Roveda","year":"1957","journal-title":"Buenos Aires"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-258","article-title":"Cross-reactions of sera from dogs infected with Angiostrongylus vasorum in commercially available Dirofilaria immitis test kits","volume":"5","author":"Schnyder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761934000200003","article-title":"Dracunculus fuelleborni n. sp., parasito de Didelphis aurita Wied","volume":"28","author":"Travassos","year":"1934","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0265","first-page":"303","article-title":"Role of the calcareous corpuscles in cestode physiology: a review","volume":"41","author":"Vargas-Parada","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev. Latinoam. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2208.151918","article-title":"Onchocerca lupi nematodes in dogs exported from the United States into Canada","volume":"22","author":"Verocai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2020.100501","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000}}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939018300261?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939018300261?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T12:13:22Z","timestamp":1762517602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939018300261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S2405939018300261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dracunculus infections in domestic dogs and cats in North America; an under-recognized parasite?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2018.05.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}