{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T17:14:56Z","timestamp":1769879696877,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015846","name":"Llywodraeth Cymru","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015846","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004895","name":"European Social Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,30]],"date-time":"2021-03-30T19:51:45Z","timestamp":1617133905000},"page":"100562","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gastrointestinal nematode control practices in ewes: Identification of factors associated with application of control methods known to influence anthelmintic resistance development"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Eiry Gwenllian","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Brophy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hefin Wyn","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nia","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rhys Aled","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0005","series-title":"Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep (SCOPS), Found at","article-title":"Sustainable worm control strategies for sheep 4th edition","author":"Abbott","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0010","series-title":"The UK Sheep Yearbook 2019","author":"AHDB","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2013.12.016","article-title":"Sustainable worm control practices in South America","volume":"118","author":"Amarante","year":"2014","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0025","series-title":"Model Selection and Multimodel Inference a Practical Information-Theoretic Approach","author":"Burnham","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.102512","article-title":"Practices to optimise gastrointestinal nematode control on sheep, goat and cattle farms in Europe using targeted (selective) treatments","volume":"175","author":"Charlier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2020.105103","article-title":"Initial assessment of the economic burden of major parasitic helminth infections to the ruminant livestock industry in Europe","volume":"182","author":"Charlier","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/mve.12290","article-title":"The prevalence and distribution of sheep scab in Wales: a farmer questionnaire survey","volume":"32","author":"Chivers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021859600017317","article-title":"Effect of flushing on reproductive performance of ewes","volume":"67","author":"Coop","year":"1966","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.10.031","article-title":"Body condition score as a selection tool for targeted selective treatment-based nematode control strategies in Merino ewes","volume":"206","author":"Cornelius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.07.014","article-title":"Patterns of faecal nematode egg shedding after treatment of sheep with a long-acting formulation of moxidectin","volume":"212","author":"Crilly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.104657","article-title":"First evidence of resistance to macrocyclic lactones in Psoroptes ovis sheep scab mites in the UK","volume":"182","author":"Doherty","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.12968\/live.2017.22.5.250","article-title":"Liver fluke infections in cattle and sheep","volume":"22","author":"Forbes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Livest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016126","article-title":"Predicting impacts of climate change on Fasciola hepatica risk","volume":"6","author":"Fox","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.e5381","article-title":"Confirmation of triclabendazole resistance in liver fluke in the UK","volume":"171","author":"Gordon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104752","article-title":"The dynamics of ovine gastrointestinal nematode infections within ewe and lamb cohorts on three Scottish sheep farms","volume":"171","author":"Hamer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(00)00255-7","article-title":"Can an increased intake of metabolizable protein affect the periparturient relaxation in immunity against Teladorsagia circumcincta in sheep?","volume":"91","author":"Houdijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1017\/S1357729800052127","article-title":"The relationship between protein nutrition, reproductive effort and breakdown in immunity to Teladorsagia circumcincta in periparturient ewes","volume":"72","author":"Houdijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1017\/S002202990400038X","article-title":"Comparative depletion of ivermectin and moxidectin milk residues in dairy sheep after oral and subcutaneous administration","volume":"71","author":"Imperiale","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Dairy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016001797","article-title":"Rumen fluke (Calicophoron daubneyi) on Welsh farms: prevalence, risk factors and observation on co-infection with Fasciola hepatica","volume":"144","author":"Jones","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2016.03.002","article-title":"Current threat of triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica","volume":"32","author":"Kelley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.11.041","article-title":"Targeted flock\/herd and individual ruminant treatment approaches","volume":"186","author":"Kenyon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2017.04.018","article-title":"A monitoring study to explore gastrointestinal helminth burdens of ewes of different fecundities in the periparturient period and effects on lamb growth rates","volume":"151","author":"Kerr","year":"2017","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236143","article-title":"Short communication: a practical farm-based trial to compare ewe nematode control strategies in peri-parturient ewes","volume":"15","author":"Kerr","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(99)00050-8","article-title":"The pathogenesis and control of diarrhoea and breech soiling in adult Merino sheep","volume":"29","author":"Larsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.12.004","article-title":"Evaluation of \u2018best practice\u2019 (SCOPS) guidelines for nematode control on commercial sheep farms in England and Wales","volume":"207","author":"Learmount","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.06.037","article-title":"Three-year evaluation of best practice guidelines for nematode control on commercial sheep farms in the UK","volume":"226","author":"Learmount","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.02.026","article-title":"An observational study of ewe treatments at lambing on early infection in lambs on UK sheep farms","volume":"253","author":"Learmount","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2006.36714","article-title":"Drenching adult ewes: implications of anthelmintic treatments pre- and post-lambing on the development of anthelmintic resistance","volume":"54","author":"Leathwick","year":"2006","journal-title":"NZ Vet J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2015.11.001","article-title":"Selection for anthelmintic resistant Teladorsagia circumcincta in pre-weaned lambs by treating their dams with long-acting moxidectin injection","volume":"5","author":"Leathwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1136\/inpract.19.10.558","article-title":"Update on sheep scab","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"1997","journal-title":"In Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0160","series-title":"Livestock Nematode Infection in a Changing World: Investigating the European Situation. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Zurich)","author":"Mavrot","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.b4836","article-title":"Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Fasciola hepatica - infected dairy herds in England and Wales","volume":"166","author":"McCann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12290","article-title":"The host immune response to gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep","volume":"37","author":"McRae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2015.1007108","article-title":"Production benefits from pre- and post-lambing anthelmintic treatment of ewes on commercial farms in the southern North Island of New Zealand","volume":"63","author":"Miller","year":"2015","journal-title":"NZ Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.08.004","article-title":"A survey of helminth control practices on sheep farms in Great Britain and Ireland","volume":"192","author":"Morgan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3779-y","article-title":"Liver fluke in Irish sheep: prevalence and associations with management practices and co-infection with rumen fluke","volume":"12","author":"Munita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0190","author":"NADIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1079\/ASC41010023","article-title":"Costs of the major endemic diseases of sheep in Great Britain and the potential benefits of reduction in disease impact","volume":"81","author":"Nieuwhof","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2007.12.012","article-title":"Anthelmintic resistance in sheep nematodes","volume":"76","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2008","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-0481-64-4","article-title":"Gastrointestinal nematode control practices on lowland sheep farms in Ireland with reference to selection for anthelmintic resistance","volume":"64","author":"Patten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ir. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.02.031","article-title":"Larval development assays reveal the presence of sub-populations showing high- and low-level resistance in a monepantel (Zolvix\u00ae)-resistant isolate of Haemonchus contortus","volume":"220","author":"Raza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.04.020","article-title":"Use of a long acting injectable formulation of moxidectin to control the periparturient rise in faecal Teladorsagia circumcincta egg output of ewes","volume":"189","author":"Sargison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.04.009","article-title":"Weight-based targeted selective treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes in a commercial sheep flock","volume":"164","author":"Stafford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0225","author":"Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep (SCOPS)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2008.03.009","article-title":"Alternative or improved methods to limit gastro-intestinal parasitism in grazing sheep and goats","volume":"77","author":"Torres-Acosta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1053\/jcpa.2002.0627","article-title":"Sheep scab: the disease, pathogenesis and control","volume":"128","author":"van den Broek","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Comp. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0240","first-page":"43","article-title":"Dags in sheep; a look at faeces and reasons for dag formation","volume":"61","author":"Waghorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. N.Z. GrassldAss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2009.64723","article-title":"Drench-and-shift is a high-risk practice in the absence of refugia","volume":"57","author":"Waghorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"NZ Vet J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2011.10.009","article-title":"Interactions between gastrointestinal nematode parasites and diarrhoea in sheep: pathogenesis and control","volume":"192","author":"Williams","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. J."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939021000344?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939021000344?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T12:16:52Z","timestamp":1762517812000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939021000344"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S2405939021000344"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gastrointestinal nematode control practices in ewes: Identification of factors associated with application of control methods known to influence anthelmintic resistance development","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2021.100562","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100562"}}