{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T08:28:40Z","timestamp":1765268920551,"version":"3.33.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,10]],"date-time":"2023-12-10T02:44:13Z","timestamp":1702176253000},"page":"100972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Apparent tick paralysis by Otobius megnini in a cat"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Ian K.","family":"Daniel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael A.N.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe L.","family":"Luksovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Arredondo","family":"Galindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meriam N.","family":"Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme G.","family":"Verocai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13123","article-title":"Harm or protection? The adaptive function of tick toxins","volume":"14","author":"Apari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Evol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.3816.1.1","article-title":"Ticks of Australia. The species that infest domestic animals and humans","volume":"3816","author":"Barker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Zootaxa."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29446","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29446","article-title":"Tick holocyclotoxins trigger host paralysis by presynaptic inhibition","volume":"6","author":"Chand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/263693a0","article-title":"Temperature-dependent inhibition of evoked acetylcholine release in tick paralysis","volume":"263","author":"Cooper","year":"1976","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2016.11.026","article-title":"Life cycle of spinose ear ticks, Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae) infesting the race horses in Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka","volume":"166","author":"Diyes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1977.tb15819.x","article-title":"Paralysis of calves by the tick, Ixodes holocyclus","volume":"53","author":"Doube","year":"1977","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.005","article-title":"Tick paralysis","volume":"22","author":"Edlow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inf. Dis. Clin. North Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2007)44[155:TPOASC]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Tick paralysis of a snake caused by Amblyomma rotundatum (Acari: Ixodidae)","volume":"44","author":"Hanson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13119","article-title":"Tick paralysis in Australian birds caused by Ixodes holocyclus","volume":"99","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2008.00346.x","article-title":"Asymmetrical focal neurological deficits in dogs and cats with naturally occurring tick paralysis (Ixodes holocyclus): 27 cases (1999\u20132006)","volume":"86","author":"Holland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0055","article-title":"Apparent Ixodes tick paralysis in a cat from North America","volume":"6","author":"Honnas","year":"2020","journal-title":"JFMS Open Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bib181","first-page":"412","article-title":"Paralysis progresses as the clock ticks","volume":"149","author":"Keares","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"year":"2009","series-title":"The Cat with Neurological Manifestations of Systemic Disease: Key Conditions Impacting on the CNS","author":"Kent","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0060"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1638\/2007-0022R.1","article-title":"An outbreak of tick paralysis in free-ranging mouflon (Ovis ammon musimon)","volume":"38","author":"Konjevi\u0107","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Zoo Wildl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1098612X17733628","article-title":"Clinical presentations, treatments and risk factors for mortality in cats with tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus: 2077 cases (2008-2016)","volume":"20","author":"Leister","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fel. Med. Surg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0075","series-title":"Sweden. Exp. Appl. Acarol","first-page":"179","article-title":"First report of spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini (Acari, Argasidae)","volume":"72","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2018.05.002","article-title":"Ticks from cats in the United States: patterns of infestation and infection with pathogens","volume":"257","author":"Little","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-32.1.133","article-title":"Avian tick paralysis caused by Ixodes brunneus in the southeastern United States","volume":"32","author":"Luttrell","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0090","article-title":"Ticks of domestic animals in Lesotho: morphological and molecular characterization","volume":"29","author":"Mahlobo-Shwabede","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Reports."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004670","article-title":"Biochemical perspectives on paralysis and other forms of toxicoses caused by ticks","volume":"129","author":"Mans","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2168","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study of tick paralysis in British Columbia","volume":"17","author":"Morshed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoon. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1603\/ME13020","article-title":"Off-host collection methods of the Otobius megnini (Acari: Argasidae)","volume":"50","author":"Niebuhr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.04.005","article-title":"Apparent tick paralysis by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) in dogs","volume":"188","author":"Otranto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0115","series-title":"Clinical Toxinology","article-title":"Tick paralysis of animals in Australia","author":"Padula","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12891","article-title":"Tick paralysis in dogs and cats in Australia: treatment and prevention deliverables from 100years of research","volume":"98","author":"Padula","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.256.3.362","article-title":"Tick paralysis in a free-ranging bobcat (Lynx Rufus)","volume":"256","author":"Persky","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1674\/0003-0031-184.1.62","article-title":"Bot fly parasitism of Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister) in Virginia","volume":"184","author":"Powers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. Midl. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.744795","article-title":"Immunomic investigation of holocyclotoxins to produce the first protective anti-venom vaccine against the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus","volume":"12","author":"Rodriguez-Valle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3847-3","article-title":"Show us your ticks: a survey of ticks infesting dogs and cats across the USA","volume":"12","author":"Saleh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109392","article-title":"Ticks infesting dogs and cats in North America: biology, geographic distribution, and pathogen transmission","volume":"294","author":"Saleh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2022.10.004","article-title":"Two seasons of tick paralysis in Victoria yet one season in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia","volume":"53","author":"Teo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.13205","article-title":"Mortality, incidence and seasonality of canine and feline patients treated with tick antiserum in three far North Queensland veterinary clinics from 2000 to 2020","volume":"100","author":"Thomas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.15540","article-title":"Presumptive tick paralysis in 2 American miniature horses in the United States","volume":"33","author":"Trumpp","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0165","series-title":"Agriculture Handbook","article-title":"Ticks of veterinary importance","volume":"No. 485","author":"United States Department of Agriculture","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-007-9089-7","article-title":"Effects produced by the feeding of larvae of Ornithodoros aff. puertoricensis (Acari: Argasidae) on laboratory mice","volume":"42","author":"Venzal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/avj.12061","article-title":"Indications, durations and outcomes of mechanical ventilation in dogs and cats with tick paralysis caused by Ixodes holocyclus: 61 cases (2008-2011)","volume":"91","author":"Webster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.2000.11813559","article-title":"Cases of apparent tick toxicosis in humans and dogs, caused by Ixodes redikorzevi s.l","volume":"4","author":"Yeruham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939023001429?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939023001429?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T22:33:28Z","timestamp":1738103608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939023001429"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S2405939023001429"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2405-9390"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Apparent tick paralysis by Otobius megnini in a cat","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2023.100972","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100972"}}