{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:09:36Z","timestamp":1778890176789,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016112","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Foggia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRA 2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRA 2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016112","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016112","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Foggia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DR932-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DR932-2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016112","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,31]],"date-time":"2024-03-31T10:11:50Z","timestamp":1711879910000},"page":"101018","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from South Punjab Province, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Yaser","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Barlaam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessia Libera","family":"Gazzonis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annunziata","family":"Giangaspero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11040437","article-title":"Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii in cats and its zoonotic potential for public health significance","volume":"11","author":"Abdul Hafeez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0010","series-title":"Livestock Resources of Pakistan: Present Status and Future Trends","author":"Afzal","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0015","first-page":"86","article-title":"Seasonal price variation and price characteristics for small ruminants marketing in Balochistan. Pakistan","volume":"24","author":"Afzal","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14753","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep and goats from different geographical regions of the world: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Ahaduzzaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0025","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis n small ruminants from cholistan desert and agricultural areas of Rahim Yar Khan and Rajan Pur (Punjab) Pakistan","volume":"48","author":"Ahmad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.22434\/IFAMR2018.0037","article-title":"Hedonic pricing of goat characteristics at the market level: the case of Pakistan","volume":"22","author":"Ahmad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Food Agribus. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2016.54.4.439","article-title":"Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in north-eastern region of Pakistan","volume":"54","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Korean J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6653239","article-title":"Epidemiological survey of toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in ruminant species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan","volume":"2021","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2013019","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with ovine toxoplasmosis in Northeast Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Andrade","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0050","series-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in Vancouver Island Cougars (Felis concolor vancouverensis): Serology and Oocyst Shedding","first-page":"438","volume":"Vol. 84","author":"Aramini","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0055","first-page":"573","article-title":"Farmers\u2019 perception and awareness regarding constraints and strategies to control livestock diseases","volume":"57","author":"Ashfaq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pak. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.12980\/APJTB.4.2014APJTB-2014-0001","article-title":"Some challenges in progressive control of livestock originated zoonotic diseases in Pakistan-a pilot survey","volume":"4","author":"Awan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0065","first-page":"88","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: an overview","author":"Dubey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2020.06.014","article-title":"Public health and economic importance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in goats: the last decade","volume":"132","author":"Dubey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109195","article-title":"Economic and public health importance of toxoplasma gondii infections in sheep: 2009\u20132020","volume":"286","author":"Dubey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.1995.9694540","article-title":"Estimating sample sizes for a two-stage sampling survey of seroprevalence of pseudorabies virus (PRV) infected swine at a regional level in the Netherlands","volume":"17","author":"Elbers","year":"1995","journal-title":"Vet. Q."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0085","article-title":"Enhancing livestock productivity in the desert ecologies of Pakistan: setting the development priorities","volume":"48","author":"Farooq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. Dev. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2019.104705","article-title":"Bayesian estimation of herd-level prevalence and risk factors associated with BoHV-1 infection in cattle herds in the state of Para\u00edba, Brazil","volume":"169","author":"Fernandes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prevent. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0095","series-title":"Pakistan Livestock Census PBS","author":"GOP","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0100","series-title":"Pakistan Economic Survey 2021-22 Agriculture Sector","first-page":"17","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"GOP","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0105","first-page":"1620","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with toxoplasmosis in sheep in Multan and Khanewal districts of Punjab (Pakistan)","volume":"26","author":"Hanif","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.104850","article-title":"The presence of Toxoplasma gondii in soil, their transmission, and their influence on the small ruminants and human population: a review","volume":"158","author":"Kakakhel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb. Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0115","first-page":"18","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cows and goats of district Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Fauna Biol. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.267369","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii in lactating animals: potential risk to milk consuming population in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa","volume":"83","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz. J. Biol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0125","first-page":"1053","article-title":"Traditional milk marketing chain: one of the leading causes of fatal diseases in Pakistan","volume":"47","author":"Khurshid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1698","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-4162-11723","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and associated hematological alterations in small ruminants of D.G. Khan district of Southern Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"72","author":"Lashari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00246-12","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of the viability of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil","volume":"78","author":"L\u00e9lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2023.105052","article-title":"A comparative study of serological tests used in the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection in small ruminants evidenced the importance of cross-reactions for harmonizing diagnostic performance","volume":"165","author":"L\u00f3pez-Ure\u00f1a","year":"2023","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0145","first-page":"173","article-title":"Does dairy farm size matter in technical efficiency? A case of dairy producers from district Layyah, Punjab","volume":"55","author":"Maqbool","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0150","series-title":"Smallholder Goat Value Chains in Pakistan; Challenges and Research Opportunities","first-page":"12","author":"McGill","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0155","first-page":"31","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection in caprine and ovine in the desert areas of Tharparkar: seroprevalence and risk factors","volume":"65","author":"Memon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pak. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0160","series-title":"Goat Breeds of Pakistan, Ebook","author":"Moaeen-ud-Din","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612011000400010","article-title":"Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum and anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in goats and sheep in western Maranh\u00e3o, Brazil","volume":"20","author":"Moraes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0170","first-page":"618","article-title":"Goat production systems in Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"25","author":"Muhammad","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11111331","article-title":"Prevalence of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in Pakistan: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Mumtaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0180","article-title":"Relationship between seroprevalence in the main livestock species and presence of Toxoplasma gondii in meat (GP\/EFSA\/BIOHAZ\/2013\/01) an extensive literature review. Final report 1 behalf of the consortium","author":"Opsteegh","year":"2016","journal-title":"EFSA J. EN996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0185","first-page":"102","article-title":"Sero-surveillance and risk factors analysis of caprine toxoplasmosis in Faisalabad Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"42","author":"Rafique","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4102\/ojvr.v82i1.823","article-title":"Cats and Toxoplasma gondii: a systematic review and meta-analysis in Iran","volume":"82","author":"Rahimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-009-9304-0","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Rahim Yar Khan (Punjab), Pakistan","volume":"41","author":"Ramzan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0200","first-page":"693","article-title":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of toxoplasmosis in beetal goats in district Faisalabad and its association with reproductive problems","volume":"58","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pak. J. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, M., Zahid, M., Asmat, P., Alam, A., Sthanadar, A.A., 2013. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in goats and sheep of district Mardan, Pakistan. Int. J. Biosci. 3, 90\u201397.http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.12692\/ijb\/3.7.90-97.","DOI":"10.12692\/ijb\/3.7.90-97"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00049","article-title":"Environmental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii: oocysts in water, soil and food","volume":"15","author":"Shapiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0215","series-title":"Sustainable Goat Farming for Livelihood Improvement in South Asia","author":"Siddiky","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00037","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii infection and toxoplasmosis in farm animals: risk factors and economic impact","volume":"15","author":"Stelzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.111732","article-title":"The global burden of congenital toxoplasmosis: a systematic review","volume":"91","author":"Torgerson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0230","first-page":"1028","article-title":"Seroprevalence, associated risk factors and hematological impacts of toxoplasmosis in small ruminants of Multan, Punjab-Pakistan","volume":"35","author":"Ullah","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-112","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","volume":"3","author":"Webster","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis: a history of clinical observations","volume":"39","author":"Weiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0245","first-page":"1087","article-title":"Detection of toxoplasma gondii infection in goats and sheep using the indirect haemagglutination test in Peshawar, Kyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan","volume":"4","author":"Yousaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.11648\/j.avs.20210905.14","article-title":"Prevalence of toxoplasma gondii in domestic breeds of goats in Faisalabad, Punjab","volume":"9","author":"Yousaf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3881","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.26205","article-title":"Evaluation of seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxoplasmosis in sheep and goats in District Jhang-Pakistan","volume":"73","author":"Zafar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Hell. Vet. Med. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2012.07.020","article-title":"Seroepidemiological study of caprine toxoplasmosis in east and west Shewa zones, Oromia regional state, Central Ethiopia","volume":"94","author":"Zewdu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939024000388?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939024000388?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T23:26:05Z","timestamp":1778887565000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939024000388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S2405939024000388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in goats from South Punjab Province, Pakistan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2024.101018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101018"}}