{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:04:02Z","timestamp":1763535842839,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T05:13:06Z","timestamp":1760073186000},"page":"101357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial and seasonal analyses of tick prevalence in livestock across selected districts of Balochistan, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Shan","family":"Masih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Arshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haroon","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nida","family":"Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2017.688-694","article-title":"Epidemiological study of tick infestation in buffalo of various regions of district Khairpur, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Abbasi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-3973-y","article-title":"Ticks and associated pathogens in camels (Camelus dromedarius) from Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia","volume":"13","author":"Alanazi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0015","first-page":"48","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of bovine tick infestation in the river Ravi Region, Lahore","author":"Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0020","first-page":"42","article-title":"Assessment of knowledge and attitudes, prevalence of hard ticks among goat and cattle in Kech District, Balochistan","volume":"4","author":"Amanullah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pak. Multi-Discip. J. Arts Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2025","first-page":"49","article-title":"Prevalence of cattle tick infestation in three districts of the Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"64","author":"Atif","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pak. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0025","first-page":"39","article-title":"Prevalence of tick infestation in farm animals from Punjab, Pakistan","author":"Batool","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.12.009","article-title":"Tick infestation and prophylaxis of dogs in northeastern Germany: a prospective study","volume":"5","author":"Beck","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ticks Tick Borne Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R207","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.2001.280.1.R207","article-title":"Sex steroid hormones enhance immune function in male and female hamsters","volume":"280","author":"Bilbo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0030","first-page":"371","article-title":"Controlling and eradicating tick infestations on reptiles","volume":"27","author":"Burridge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2017.1395527","article-title":"Prevalence of hard tick infestations in cattle of West Bengal, India","volume":"49","author":"Debbarma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol. Rhythm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.2741\/3405","article-title":"Tick-borne pathogens, transmission rates and climate change","volume":"14","author":"Estrada-Pena","year":"2009","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-011-9909-y","article-title":"Hard ticks on one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their seasonal population dynamics in southeast, Iran","volume":"44","author":"Fard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s00300-018-02445-5","article-title":"Tick infestations correlates at a Falkland Islands black-browed albatross colony","volume":"42","author":"Ferrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polar Biol."},{"year":"1987","series-title":"The Indian Hyalomma Ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae)","author":"Geevarghese","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0055"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2018.1474988","article-title":"Prevalence of hard tick infestations in cattle of Mizoram, India","volume":"50","author":"Ghosh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Rhythm Res."},{"author":"Government of Pakistan Finance Division","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0060"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0065","first-page":"191","article-title":"Assessment of feed supply and demand for livestock in Pakistan","volume":"6","author":"Habib","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Technol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0070","first-page":"2","article-title":"The Iranian Hyalomma (Acari: Ixodidae) with a key to the identification of male species","author":"Hosseeini-Chegeni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pak. J. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0075","first-page":"2133","article-title":"The updated list of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae & Argasidae) occurring in Iran with a key to the identification of species","volume":"24","author":"Hosseeini-Chegeni","year":"2019","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.19045\/bspab.2021.100028","article-title":"Morphological identification and prevalence of hard ticks (family; Ixodidae) in cows at district Pishin, Baluchistan Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Iqbal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0080","first-page":"178","article-title":"Prevalence of tick infestation and theileriosis in sheep and goats","volume":"30","author":"Irshad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0085","first-page":"2247","article-title":"Identification of tick species infesting livestock in Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan","volume":"26","author":"Jamil","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0090","series-title":"Developing Sustainable Agriculture in Pakistan","first-page":"561","article-title":"Livestock and poultry health issues and way forward","author":"Javed","year":"2018"},{"author":"JICA","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0095"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2005","first-page":"346","article-title":"An epidemiological survey on investigation of tick infestation in cattle at Chittagong District, Bangladesh","volume":"5","author":"Kabir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.2307\/3275691","article-title":"The Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Afghanistan","volume":"49","author":"Kaiser","year":"1963","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0105","article-title":"Prevalence of tick infestation in different breeds of cattle in Balochistan","volume":"27","author":"Kakar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Anim. Plant Sci."},{"year":"2024","series-title":"Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Ixodid Tick Species Infesting Cattle and Sheep in Balochistan, Pakistan","author":"Kebzai","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0110"},{"year":"2023","series-title":"Unveiling the Hidden Threat: investigating Gastrointestinal Parasites and their Costly Impact on Slaughtered Livestock","author":"Khan","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0115"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053024","article-title":"Epidemiology, distribution and identification of ticks on livestock in Pakistan","volume":"19","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1080\/01647954.2019.1663930","article-title":"Tick burden and tick species prevalence in small ruminants of different agencies of the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Pakistan","volume":"45","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2011.131-135","article-title":"Mechanism of immunity to tick infestation in livestock","volume":"4","author":"Maharana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0125","series-title":"Comparative Efficacy of Synthetic Acaricides against Tick Infestations in Goats","first-page":"27","author":"Malik","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0130","first-page":"21","article-title":"Prevalence and identification of ixodid tick genera in frontier region, Peshawar","volume":"2","author":"Manan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Agric. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjw235","article-title":"Avian and habitat characteristics influence tick infestation among birds in Illinois","volume":"54","author":"Parker","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1086\/319347","article-title":"Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat","volume":"32","author":"Parola","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1987.tb120228.x","article-title":"Tick infestation in soldiers who were bivouacked in the Perth region","volume":"146","author":"Pearce","year":"1987","journal-title":"Med. J. Aust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2113","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.pjz\/2017.49.6.2113.2121","article-title":"Ixodid ticks (Arachnida: Acari) prevalence associated with risk factors in the bovine host in district Quetta, Balochistan","volume":"49","author":"Rafiq","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pak. J. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rana, A. W., Moeen, M. S., Shikoh, S. H., & Davies, S. (2021, April). Proposed Balochistan Agriculture Policy 2021 (PACE Policy Paper). Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). Retrieved from https:\/\/cdm15738.contentdm.oclc.org\/digital\/api\/collection\/p15738coll2\/id\/134394\/download.","DOI":"10.2499\/p15738coll2.134394"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0160","first-page":"181","article-title":"Prospects of livestock production in Balochistan","volume":"30","author":"Raziq","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2138-0","article-title":"Distribution of ticks infesting ruminants and risk factors associated with high tick prevalence in livestock farms in the semiarid and arid agro-ecological zones of Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Rehman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2045","first-page":"50","article-title":"An epidemiological survey on diversity and seasonal distribution of hard ticks in sheep and goats in Multan, Pakistan","volume":"1","author":"Riaz","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.5606.1.1","article-title":"Type specimens of the world's hard tick species (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae): collection data and depositories for all valid names and the current status of invalid names","volume":"5606","author":"Robbins","year":"2025","journal-title":"Zootaxa"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2013.982-985","article-title":"Prevalence of tick infestation in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar","volume":"6","author":"Sahu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0180","first-page":"1093","article-title":"Point prevalence of hard ticks (Ixodids) infesting domestic ruminants of lower Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"103","author":"Sajid","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2103-8","article-title":"Prevalence, associated determinants, and in vivo chemotherapeutic control of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting domestic goats (Capra hircus) of lower Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"108","author":"Sajid","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.15556","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of ticks infesting livestock population along Karakorum highway from Mansehra to Gilgit, Pakistan","volume":"68","author":"Sajid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hellenic Vet. Med. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb2015","first-page":"10","article-title":"Prevalence and association of hard ticks (Ixodidae) with various breeds of sheep and goats","volume":"10","author":"Shahid","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.5897\/AJAR2014.9380","article-title":"Prevalence of major ectoparasites of calves and associated risk factors in and around Bishoftu town","volume":"10","author":"Taye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Afr. J. Agric. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-009-0268-3","article-title":"Ectoparasite infestations of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) are associated with small-scale landscape structures in an urban-suburban environment","volume":"6","author":"Thamm","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"year":"2018","series-title":"Veterinary Epidemiology","author":"Thrusfield","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0200"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357_bb0205","first-page":"58","article-title":"The world list of ticks. 1. Argasidae and Nuttallielidae (Acari\u2236 Ixodida)","volume":"34","author":"Wen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939025001650?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939025001650?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T06:57:12Z","timestamp":1763535432000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939025001650"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S2405939025001650"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2405-9390"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial and seasonal analyses of tick prevalence in livestock across selected districts of Balochistan, Pakistan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2025.101357","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101357"}}