{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:02:35Z","timestamp":1773216155812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T23:41:49Z","timestamp":1771198909000},"page":"101449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Molecular identification of trypanosome species and vertebrate blood meals in wild tsetse flies from Binoum in the forest area of the littoral region of Cameroon"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Jacques Anselme","family":"Massussi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olive Magrace","family":"Nwokam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolin Mitterran Ndeffo","family":"Kamga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bita Gael","family":"Atangana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnol Auvaker Zebaze","family":"Tiofack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Estelle Mezajou","family":"Mewamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Champlain","family":"Djieto-Lordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pythagore Soubgwi","family":"Fogue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gustave","family":"Simo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.4314\/ijbcs.v14i7.19","article-title":"\u201cSilent\u201d circulation of Trypanosoma spp. in Tabanids (Diptera: Tabanidae) and cattle in a tsetse free range land of Ngaoundere (AdamawaCameroon)","volume":"14","author":"Abah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0010","first-page":"85","article-title":"Local distribution and ecology of Glossina palpalis and G. tachinoides in forest foci of west African human trypanosomiasis, with special reference to associations between peri-domestic tsetse and their hosts","volume":"1","author":"Baldry","year":"1980","journal-title":"Insect Sci. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2915.1999.00193.x","article-title":"Identifcation of blood meals in haematophagous Diptera by cytochrome B heteroduplex analysis","volume":"13","author":"Boakye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med. Vet. Entomol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011805","article-title":"Insights into trypanosomiasis transmission: age, infection rates, and bloodmeal analysis of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in N.W. Uganda","volume":"18","author":"Cunningham","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0025","first-page":"3","article-title":"Comportement alimentaire des populations p\u00e9ridomestiques de Glossina palpalis (Roubeau-Desvoidy) et Glossina tachinoides Westwood du domaine guin\u00e9en de C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire","volume":"23","author":"Dagnogo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cahier ORSTOM S\u00e9r Entomo M\u00e9d Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/321237","article-title":"Trypanosoma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives on transmission, epidemiology and control, impact, and zoonotic aspects","volume":"2013","author":"Desquesnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.005","article-title":"Developing a progressive control pathway for African animal trypanosomosis","volume":"33","author":"Diall","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0040","series-title":"Futura-Sciences. Manual for the Recognition of Exotic Diseases of Livestock","article-title":"Maladie du sommeil: terrible fl\u00e9au pour l'Afrique","author":"Duvallet","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2008.07.011","article-title":"Molecular phylogenetics of tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) based on mitochondrial (CO1, 16S, ND2) and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences, with an emphasis on the palpalis group","volume":"49","author":"Dyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Phylogenet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2010.06.002","article-title":"Tsetse fly blood meal modification and trypanosome identification in two sleeping sickness foci in the forest of southern Cameroon","volume":"116","author":"Farikou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2009.10.008","article-title":"Tripartite interactions between tsetse flies, Sodalis glossinidius and trypanosomes\u2014an epidemiological approach in two historical human African trypanosomiasis foci in Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"Farikou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0065","article-title":"Diversity of tsetse flies and trypanosome species circulating in the highly infested cattle rearing area of the Faro and Deo subdivision, Adamawa region, Cameroon","volume":"35","author":"Farikou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0070","first-page":"61","article-title":"The pyramidal trap for collecting and controlling tsetse flies (Dipteria: Glossinidae). Comparative trials and description of new collecting techniques","volume":"37","author":"Gouteux","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trop. Med. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1479-4","article-title":"Xenomonitoring of sleeping sickness transmission in Campo (Cameroon)","volume":"9","author":"Gr\u00e9baut","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-020-06606-6","article-title":"Molecular identification of different trypanosome species in tsetse flies caught in the wildlife reserve of Santchou in the western region of Cameroon","volume":"119","author":"Kamdem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3229-2","article-title":"Detection of Wolbachia and different trypanosome species in Glossina palpalis palpalis populations from three sleeping sickness foci of southern Cameroon","volume":"11","author":"Kante","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011528","article-title":"Prevalence of blood and skin trypanosomes in domestic and wild fauna from two sleeping sickness foci in southern Cameroon","volume":"17","author":"Magang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2008.02.003","article-title":"Assessment of the occurrence of trypanocidal drug resistance in trypanosomes of naturally infected cattle in the Adamaoua region of Cameroon using the standard mouse test and molecular tools","volume":"106","author":"Mamoudou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(92)90047-O","article-title":"Sensitive detection of trypanosomes in tsetse flies by DNA amplification","volume":"22","author":"Masiga","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-140","article-title":"Population genetics of Glossina palpalis palpalis from central African sleeping sickness foci","volume":"4","author":"Melachio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0110","article-title":"Impact of a small-scale tsetse fly control operation with deltamethrin impregnated \u201ctiny targets\u201d on tsetse density and trypanosomes\u2019 circulation in the Campo sleeping sickness focus of South Cameroon","volume":"17","author":"Melachio","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0115","article-title":"Molecular identification of diminazeneaceturate-resistant strains of Trypanosoma congolense in naturally infected domestic animals of Yoko in the Centre region of Cameroon","volume":"20","author":"Mewamba","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2008.08.005","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei gambiense type 1 populations from human patients are clonal and display geographical genetic differentiation","volume":"8","author":"Morrison","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000061023","article-title":"Detection of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei subspecies by DNA amplification using the polymerase chain reaction","volume":"99","author":"Moser","year":"1989","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-217","article-title":"Molecular epidemiological studies on animal trypanosomiases in Ghana","volume":"5","author":"Nakayima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0135","first-page":"1","article-title":"Detection of trypanosomes in small ruminants and pigs in western Kenya: important reservoirs in the epidemiology of sleeping sickness?","volume":"45","author":"Ng\u2019ayo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kinetoplastid Biol. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2540-7","article-title":"Molecular screening of tsetse flies and cattle rveal different Trypanosoma species including T. Grayi and T. Theileri in northern Cameroon","volume":"10","author":"Ngomtcho","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0145","article-title":"The composition and abundance of bacterial communities residing in the gut of Glossina palpalis palpalis captured in two sites of southern Cameroon","volume":"12","author":"Ngoune","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2011182171","article-title":"Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense forest type and T. simiae: prevalence in domestic animals of sleeping sickness foci of Cameroon","volume":"18","author":"Nimpaye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2004.03.006","article-title":"A study of host preference in tsetse flies using a modified heteroduplex PCR-based method","volume":"91","author":"Njiokou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2005.04.003","article-title":"Wild fauna as a probable animal reservoir for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Cameroon","volume":"6","author":"Njiokou","year":"2006","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0165","series-title":"Biologie, syst\u00e9matique et r\u00e9partition des ts\u00e9ts\u00e9s","first-page":"310","article-title":"Manuel de lutte contre la mouche ts\u00e9ts\u00e9","volume":"1","author":"Pollock","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0170","series-title":"Manuel de lutte contre la mouche ts\u00e9ts\u00e9","first-page":"97","article-title":"Ecologie et comportement des ts\u00e9-ts\u00e9","volume":"2","author":"Pollock","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.67.289","article-title":"Novel primer sequences for polymerase chain reaction-based detection of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense","volume":"67","author":"Radwanska","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2012193217","article-title":"Behavioral interactions and rhythms of activity of Glossina palpalis gambiensis and G. tachinoides (Diptera: Glossinidae) in a forest gallery in Burkina Faso","volume":"19","author":"Salou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.02.026","article-title":"High prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense group 1 in pigs from the Fontem sleeping sickness focus in Cameroon","volume":"139","author":"Simo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2007.09.005","article-title":"Tsetse fly host preference from sleeping sickness foci in Cameroon: epidemiologic implication","volume":"8","author":"Simo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.04.019","article-title":"Identification and genetic characterization of Trypanosoma congolense in domestic animals of Fontem in the south-west region of Cameroon","volume":"18","author":"Simo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-385","article-title":"Population genetics of forest type of Trypanosoma congolense circulating in Glossina palpalis palpalis of Fontem in the south-west region of Cameroon","volume":"7","author":"Simo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1156-z","article-title":"Trypanosome infection rates in tsetse flies in the \u201csilent\u201d sleeping sickness focus of Bafia in the Centre region in Cameroon","volume":"8","author":"Simo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit. Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parepi.2020.e00135","article-title":"Molecular identification of diminazene aceturate resistant trypanosomes in tsetse flies from Yoko in the Centre region of Cameroon and its epidemiological implications","volume":"9","author":"Simo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(99)00137-5","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction as a diagnosis tool for detecting trypanosomes in naturally infected cattle in Burkina-Faso","volume":"86","author":"Solano","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026000298?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026000298?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T10:10:52Z","timestamp":1773137452000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939026000298"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2405939026000298"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular identification of trypanosome species and vertebrate blood meals in wild tsetse flies from Binoum in the forest area of the littoral region of Cameroon","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101449","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101449"}}