{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T17:00:19Z","timestamp":1785085219953,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001663","name":"Volkswagen Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004421","name":"World Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004421","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015055","name":"Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015055","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T20:35:26Z","timestamp":1771360526000},"page":"101450","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comprehensive surveillance of bovine piroplasmosis in Bangladesh: Clinicopathology and molecular insights"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Mostak","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Rajiur Rahaman","family":"Rabbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Mahfuzur Rahman","family":"Sajib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Makshuder Rahman","family":"Zim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Abu Haris","family":"Miah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babul Chandra","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Hasanuzzaman","family":"Talukder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11010031","article-title":"A survey of tick infestation and tick-borne piroplasm infection of cattle in Oudalan and S\u00e9no provinces, Northern Burkina Faso","volume":"11","author":"Adjou Moumouni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3329\/ralf.v2i1.23032","article-title":"Prevalence of theileriosis and babesiosis in cattle in Sirajganj district of Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Al Mahmud","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res. Agric., Livest. Fish."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0015","first-page":"221","article-title":"Prevalence of hemoprotozoan diseases in cattle population of Chittagong division, Bangladesh","volume":"32","author":"Alim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pak Vet J."},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.040","article-title":"The first survey of Theileria orientalis infection in Mongolian cattle","volume":"182","author":"Altangerel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13090735","article-title":"Development of a specific PCR assay for Theileria sp. yokoyama and assessment of its potential to cause anemia in cattle","volume":"13","author":"Amarasiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1865-1682.2010.01173.x","article-title":"A review of bovine anaplasmosis","volume":"58","author":"Aubry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0035","first-page":"49","article-title":"Clinico-haematobiochemical observations on bovines naturally infected with Theileria annulata","volume":"20","author":"Aulakh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.17582\/journal.aavs\/2018\/6.4.176.182","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular identification of haemoprotozoan diseases of cattle in Bangladesh","volume":"6","author":"Bary","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182003004748","article-title":"Theileria: intracellular protozoan parasites of wild and domestic ruminants transmitted by ixodid ticks","volume":"129","author":"Bishop","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190","article-title":"Babesiosis of cattle","volume":"129","author":"Bock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4701-2","article-title":"Analysis of Theileria orientalis draft genome sequences reveals potential species-level divergence of the Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli genotypes","volume":"19","author":"Bogema","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Genomics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0060","first-page":"1791","article-title":"Prevalence of Theileria orientalis in crossbred cattle of Kamrup district of Assam","volume":"6","author":"Brahma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Chem. Stud."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres\/2009020","article-title":"Babesia and its hosts: adaptation to long-lasting interactions as a way to achieve efficient transmission","volume":"40","author":"Chauvin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.042","article-title":"Live vaccines against bovine babesiosis","volume":"138","author":"De Waal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12081045","article-title":"Molecular detection and identification of Piroplasm in Cattle from Kathmandu Valley, Nepal","volume":"12","author":"Dhakal","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.33259\/JLivestSci.2024.227-231","article-title":"Study on haematological findings in cattle with clinical babesiosis","volume":"15","author":"Dhanamjayam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Livest. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x","article-title":"Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap","volume":"39","author":"Felsenstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Evology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1428.036","article-title":"Water buffalos as carriers of Babesia bovis in Argentina","volume":"1149","author":"Ferreri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0095","series-title":"Babesiosis of Domestic Animals and Man","first-page":"23","article-title":"Transmission of Babesia","author":"Friedhoff","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.56093\/ijans.v89i8.93004","article-title":"Comparative haemato-biochemical alteration in theileriosis and babesiosis detected by duplex PCR in cattle","volume":"89","author":"Ganguly","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182016002328","article-title":"An outbreak of oriental theileriosis in dairy cattle imported to Vietnam from Australia","volume":"144","author":"Gebrekidan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2014002","article-title":"A review of Hyalomma scupense (Acari, Ixodidae) in the Maghreb region: from biology to control","volume":"21","author":"Gharbi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0115","series-title":"Nucleic Acids Symposium Series","first-page":"95","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","volume":"vol. 41","author":"Hall","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3329\/ajmbr.v8i1.58929","article-title":"Study of prevalence of theileriosis in cattle and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of different commercially available drugs","volume":"8","author":"Haque","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. med. biol. Res."},{"issue":"004","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0125","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification of vector-borne blood protozoa in cattle and sheep in Bangladesh","volume":"2","author":"Hassan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol Antivir."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2020.101443","article-title":"Bovine abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death associated with Babesia bovis and Anaplasma sp. infections in southern Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Henker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ticks Tick-borne Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.3.451","article-title":"Babesiosis","volume":"13","author":"Homer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-020-04041-1","article-title":"DNA of Theileria orientalis, T. Equi and T. Capreoli in stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)","volume":"13","author":"Hornok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2014.331-336","article-title":"Dairy cattle mortality in an organized herd in Bangladesh","volume":"7","author":"Hossain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.989","article-title":"Molecular detection of Babesia and Theileria from crossbred cattle in Sirajganj and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh","volume":"9","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.001","article-title":"Babesiosis: recent insights into an ancient disease","volume":"38","author":"Hunfeld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0160","series-title":"Theileriosis and babesiosis in cattle: haemogram and some biochemical parameters. In proceedings of XIII international congress of International Society of Animal Hygiene (vol. 17, pp. 143-150)","author":"Hussein","year":"2007"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.012","article-title":"Bovine theileriosis\u2013an emerging problem in South-Eastern Australia?","volume":"11","author":"Islam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-0813.2009.00540.x","article-title":"Haemolytic anaemia in cattle in NSW associated with Theileria infections","volume":"88","author":"Izzo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aust. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0175","series-title":"Clinical Examination of Farm Animals","volume":"331","author":"Jackson","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2022.108318","article-title":"Bovine babesiosis in India: estimation of prevalence by systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"239","author":"Jacob","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-019-01094-7","article-title":"Prevalence of haemoprotozoan diseases in cattle of Cauvery delta region of Tamil Nadu","volume":"43","author":"Jayalakshmi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2015.1099-1104","article-title":"Emergence of oriental theileriosis in cattle and its transmission through Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Assam","volume":"8","author":"Kakati","year":"2015","journal-title":"India. Vet. World."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101756","article-title":"Cattle ticks and tick-borne diseases: a review of Uganda's situation","volume":"12","author":"Kasaija","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-02915-9","article-title":"Epidemiology, haematology and molecular characterization of haemoprotozoon and rickettsial organisms causing infections in cattle of Jammu region, North India","volume":"17","author":"Kaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.22271\/j.ento.2021.v9.i2e.8495","article-title":"Studies on prevalence of theileriosis and assessment of its risk factors among cattle in and around Udaipur, Rajasthan","volume":"9","author":"Khatoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Entomol. Zool. Stud."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0210","first-page":"35","article-title":"Development of multiplex polymerase chain reaction for detection of Ehrlichia canis, Babesia spp and Hepatozoon canis in canine blood","volume":"40","author":"Kledmanee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-022-00625-2","article-title":"18S rRNA gene-based piroplasmid PCR: an assay for rapid and precise molecular screening of Theileria and Babesia species in animals","volume":"67","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12101187","article-title":"Epidemiology and transmission of Theileria orientalis in Australasia","volume":"12","author":"Lakew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2019.103972","article-title":"The impact of tick-borne pathogen infection in Indian bovines is determined by host type but not the genotype of Theileria annulata","volume":"75","author":"Larcombe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2007.03.004","article-title":"Babesia bovis: the development of an expression oligonucleotide microarray","volume":"117","author":"Lau","year":"2007","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2015.12.012","article-title":"A review of reverse vaccinology approaches for the development of vaccines against ticks and tick-borne diseases","volume":"7","author":"Lew-Tabor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0240","first-page":"598","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome under the national surveillance data from 2011 to 2014, China","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chin. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1051\/vetres:2002056","article-title":"The current status of major tick borne diseases in Zambia","volume":"34","author":"Makala","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vet. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1080\/00480169.2011.552857","article-title":"An outbreak of haemolytic anaemia associated with infection of Theileria orientalis in naive cattle","volume":"59","author":"McFadden","year":"2011","journal-title":"N. Z. Vet. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050431","article-title":"Redescription of Babesia equi Laveran, 1901 as Theileria equi Mehlhorn, Schein 1998","volume":"84","author":"Mehlhorn","year":"1998","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129678","article-title":"Sequence polymorphism of cytochrome b gene in Theileria annulata Tunisian isolates and its association with buparvaquone treatment failure","volume":"10","author":"Mhadhbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11061563","article-title":"Molecular detection and phylogenetic analyses of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in livestock in Bangladesh","volume":"11","author":"Mohanta","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-154","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis hemoparasites from cattle in South Africa","volume":"9","author":"Mtshali","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0275","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clinico-epidemiological and therapeutic aspects of bovine theileriosis","volume":"36","author":"Muhammad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull Calf Appear Female"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0326243","article-title":"Identification of genetic variations linked to buparvaquone resistance in Theileria annulata infecting dairy cattle in India","volume":"20","author":"Musale","year":"2025","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-0813.2021.00022.X","article-title":"Co-infection of Babesia sp. and Theileria sp. in a Holstein Friesian crossbred calf-a case report","volume":"35","author":"Muwel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782008000300027","article-title":"Canine ehrlichiosis: clinical, hematological, serological and molecular aspects","volume":"38","author":"Nakaghi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cienc. Rural"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5455\/ijlr.20180402121612","article-title":"Impact and management of acaricide resistance-pertaining to sustainable control of ticks","volume":"8","author":"Nath","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Livest. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02239846","article-title":"Epidemiology of tick-borne diseases of cattle in Zimbabwe. II. Anaplasmosis","volume":"16","author":"Norval","year":"1984","journal-title":"Tropl. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.13057\/biodiv\/d240759","article-title":"Molecular detection of Babesia infection in cattle in Yogyakarta, Indonesia","volume":"24","author":"Nugraheni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biodiversitas"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11756-021-00927-2","article-title":"Climate change impacts on ticks and tick-borne infections","volume":"77","author":"Nuttall","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s10493-020-00576-1","article-title":"Effect of low temperature and relative humidity on reproduction and survival of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus","volume":"83","author":"Oshiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Appl. Acarol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5316-7","article-title":"Genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis from cattle in the Republic of Korea","volume":"116","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0325","article-title":"Theileria orientalis outbreak in an organized cattle breeding farm","volume":"24","author":"Patial","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol. Reg. Stud. Reports."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2020.908.137","article-title":"Successful therapeutic management of concurrent infection of babesiosis and theileriosis in a Holstein Friesian calf","volume":"9","author":"Ramyadevi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0335","first-page":"54","article-title":"A survey on the prevalence of ticks on cattle in East Pakistan","volume":"3","author":"Razzak","year":"1969","journal-title":"Pak. J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-736X2014000400002","article-title":"Assessing bovine babesiosis in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks and 3 to 9-month-old cattle in the middle Magdalena region, Colombia","volume":"34","author":"R\u00edos-Tob\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pesq. Vet. Bras."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e231","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.12745","article-title":"Molecular identification of tick-borne pathogens infecting cattle in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh reveals emerging species of Anaplasma and babesia","volume":"65","author":"Roy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.12681\/jhvms.15556","article-title":"Distribution and abundance of ticks infesting livestock population along Karakorum highway from Mansehra to Gilgit, Pakistan","volume":"68","author":"Sajid","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Hell. Vet. Med. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2019.11.001","article-title":"Mutations in the TaPIN1 peptidyl prolyl isomerase gene in Theileria annulata parasites isolated in Sudan","volume":"11","author":"Salim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5463","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5463","article-title":"DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors","volume":"74","author":"Sanger","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v13i2.26629","article-title":"A retrospective study of common diseases at veterinary teaching hospital, Bangladesh agricultural university","volume":"13","author":"Sarker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mymensingh. Bangl. J. Vet. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2012.07.004","article-title":"Babesia: a world emerging","volume":"12","author":"Schnittger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-024-08299-7","article-title":"Molecular occurrence and genetic identification of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in naturally infected cattle from Thailand","volume":"123","author":"Seerintra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1080\/10495398.2020.1738450","article-title":"Molecular, epidemiological and haematological evaluation in Theileria orientalis infected cattle from an endemic region in India","volume":"32","author":"Selim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.01.016","article-title":"Point mutations in the Theileria annulata cytochrome b gene is associated with buparvaquone treatment failure","volume":"187","author":"Sharifiyazdi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0390","first-page":"258","article-title":"Clinicopatho-biochemical alterations associated with subclinical babesiosis in dairy animals","volume":"10","author":"Sharma","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Arthropod-Borne Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0395","article-title":"Coproscopic and haematological approaches to determine the prevalence of helminthiasis and protozoan diseases of red Chittagong cattle (RCC) breed in Bangladesh","volume":"30","author":"Siddiki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. Vet. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0400","first-page":"82","article-title":"Concurrent infection of Babesia bigemina and Theileria annulata in Holstein Friesian cow: A case report","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0405","first-page":"91","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical markers for diagnosis of bovine theileriosis-A study of 21 calves","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intas Polivet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2022.108408","article-title":"Economic impact of predominant ticks and tick-borne diseases on Indian dairy production systems","volume":"243","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-022-05374-9","article-title":"Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial, plastid, and nuclear genes of Babesia sp. Mymensingh and its naming as Babesia naoakii n. sp","volume":"15","author":"Sivakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2013.08.026","article-title":"Prevalence of Babesia and Anaplasma in ticks infesting dogs in Great Britain","volume":"198","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0425","series-title":"Helminths, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domestic Animals","author":"Soulsby","year":"1982"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2298\/VETGL220708001S","article-title":"Molecular evidence of Theileria orientalis infection in cattle from Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"77","author":"Stevanovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vet. Glas."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.04.006","article-title":"Spatial and management factors associated with exposure of smallholder dairy cattle in Tanzania to tick-borne pathogens","volume":"35","author":"Swai","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","article-title":"MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11","volume":"38","author":"Tamura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/1519-6984.277636","article-title":"Assessment of Babesia spp. prevalence in various domestic animals across southern Punjab, Pakistan","volume":"84","author":"Tariq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Braz J. Biol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.01.041","article-title":"Molecular and serological prevalence of Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina in water buffaloes in the northeast region of Thailand","volume":"178","author":"Terkawi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpddr.2019.02.001","article-title":"Development of unstable resistance to diminazene aceturate in Babesia bovis","volume":"9","author":"Tuvshintulga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol. Drugs Drug Resist."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.035","article-title":"Babesia\u2014a historical overview","volume":"138","author":"Uilenberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.5455\/vetworld.2012.223-225","article-title":"Seasonal incidence of Haemoprotozoal diseases in crossbred cattle and buffalo in Kaira and Anand districts of Gujarat","volume":"5","author":"Vahora","year":"2012","journal-title":"India. Vet. World."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102134","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory evidence of Lyme disease in North India, 2016\u20132019","volume":"43","author":"Vinayaraj","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-4017(97)00229-X","article-title":"Breed-associated resistance to tick infestation in Bos indicus and their crosses with Bos taurus","volume":"77","author":"Wambura","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.08.004","article-title":"Population diversity and multiplicity of infection in Theileria annulata","volume":"41","author":"Weir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01044-8","article-title":"PCR-based diagnostics for infectious diseases: uses, limitations, and future applications in acute-care settings","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0490","first-page":"137","article-title":"Incidence and treatment of theileriasis and babesiasis","volume":"25","author":"Zahid","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pakistan Vet. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/d14020082","article-title":"Diversity and distribution of Theileria species and their vectors in ruminants from India, Pakistan and Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"Zeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diversity"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2016.11.006","article-title":"Molecular detection and genetic characterization of babesia, Theileria and Anaplasma amongst apparently healthy sheep and goats in the central region of Turkey","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ticks Tick. Borne Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-015-0772-0","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine theileriosis in north central region of Algeria by real-time polymerase chain reaction with a note on its distribution","volume":"47","author":"Ziam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tropl. Anim. Health Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb9102","first-page":"7","article-title":"Prevalence of bovine piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis in north-central Algeria","volume":"18","author":"Ziam","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Parasitol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.305","article-title":"Bovine piroplasmosis-anaplasmosis and clinical signs of tropical theileriosis in the plains of Djurdjura (North Algeria)","volume":"6","author":"Ziam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Med Sci."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026000304?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026000304?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T16:26:07Z","timestamp":1785083167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939026000304"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":103,"alternative-id":["S2405939026000304"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comprehensive surveillance of bovine piroplasmosis in Bangladesh: Clinicopathology and molecular insights","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101450","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101450"}}