{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T06:02:30Z","timestamp":1789365750897,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:33:02Z","timestamp":1783726382000},"page":"101544","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence, molecular characterization, and risk factor analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves from Punjab, India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Harpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramjit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep Singh","family":"Bal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lachhman Das","family":"Singla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0005","first-page":"107","article-title":"An epidemiological study of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves on selected dairy farms of Central Ethiopia","volume":"159","author":"Abebe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.4314\/sokjvs.v12i2.9","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in cattle in Ogun state, Nigeria","volume":"12","author":"Akinkuotu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sokoto J. Vet. Sci."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.01.017","article-title":"Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes in dairy calves in Egypt","volume":"169","author":"Amer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-018-3219-7","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in bovine calves: prevalence and potential risk factors in northwest Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"Ayele","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC. Res. Notes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3923\/ajava.2012.512.520","article-title":"Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal buffalo calves in Ludhiana district of Punjab, India","volume":"7","author":"Bhat","year":"2012","journal-title":"Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0030","first-page":"114","article-title":"Coprological investigation on neonatal bovine cryptosporidiosis in Ludhiana, Punjab","volume":"37","author":"Bhat","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182015000426","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infections in suckler herd beef calves","volume":"142","author":"Bj\u00f6rkman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001224","article-title":"Periurban outbreaks of bovine calf scours in Northern India caused by Cryptosporidium in association with other enteropathogens","volume":"145","author":"Brar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol. Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-016-0788-z","article-title":"Validation of Romanowsky staining as a novel screening test for the detection of faecal cryptosporidial oocysts","volume":"41","author":"Brar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.21887\/ijvsbt.17.1.11","article-title":"Concurrent infection of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in synanthropic rodents: first report from Punjab, India","volume":"17","author":"Brar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Vet. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0055","first-page":"10","article-title":"Cryptosporidium infection in cattle of sub-tropical region of Assam, India","volume":"4","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2019.e00064","article-title":"Genetic characterization reveals evidence for an association between water contamination and zoonotic transmission of a Cryptosporidium sp. from dairy cattle in West Bengal, India","volume":"17","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-007-9113-2","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis in buffalo calves (Bubalus bubalis): prevalence and potential risk factors","volume":"40","author":"El-Khodery","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Health Prod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2003)089[0399:MINART]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Morphology is not a reliable tool for delineating species within Cryptosporidium","volume":"89","author":"Fall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.05.024","article-title":"Cryptosporidium ryanae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) in cattle (Bos taurus)","volume":"156","author":"Fayer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.02.040","article-title":"Species of Cryptosporidium detected in weaned cattle on cow-calf operations in the United States","volume":"170","author":"Fayer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.09.025","article-title":"Common occurrence of a unique Cryptosporidium ryanae variant in zebu cattle and water buffaloes in the buffer zone of the Chitwan National Park, Nepal","volume":"185","author":"Feng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548684","article-title":"Staining of Cryptosporidia by a modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique","volume":"22","author":"Henriksen","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Vet. Scand."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-016-0763-8","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species in cattle and buffalo calves in Mumbai region of India","volume":"41","author":"Hingole","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distribution of Cryptosporidium species, genotypes and C. parvum subtypes in cattle in European countries","volume":"12","author":"Imre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-014-0571-y","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves in Punjab (India)","volume":"40","author":"Joute","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1080\/09291016.2019.1603687","article-title":"Occurrence and diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in cattle calves with clinical diarrhoea","volume":"52","author":"Kashyap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Rhythm. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3329\/bjvm.v12i2.21288","article-title":"Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in crossbred calves in two selected areas of Bangladesh","volume":"12","author":"Khair","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bangladesh J. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.03.008","article-title":"Molecular characterization and assessment of zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium from dairy cattle in West Bengal, India","volume":"171","author":"Khan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy096","article-title":"MEGA X: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis across computing platforms","volume":"35","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.027","article-title":"Age-related and housing-dependence of Cryptosporidium infection of calves from dairy and beef herds in South Bohemia, Czech Republic","volume":"137","author":"Kvac","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0140","first-page":"461","article-title":"Studies on the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in bovines in organized dairy farms in and around Bangalore, South India","volume":"79","author":"Mallinath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vet. Arh."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0311-1","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium spp. infection in young domestic livestock in India","volume":"45","author":"Maurya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop. Anim. Hlth. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0150","first-page":"49","article-title":"Role of Cryptosporidium in calf diarrhoea: in annual report","volume":"12","author":"Nooruddin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Livestock Adv."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.01.044","article-title":"Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine Cryptosporidium isolates in India","volume":"153","author":"Paul","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.211-215","article-title":"Comparison of different diagnostic techniques for the detection of cryptosporidiosis in bovines","volume":"9","author":"Rekha","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.11.005","article-title":"Cryptosporidium and Giardia in ruminants","volume":"36","author":"Santin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food Anim. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75","article-title":"Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega","volume":"7","author":"Sievers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Syst. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.029","article-title":"Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in Punjab (India) and its association with diarrhoea in neonatal dairy calves","volume":"140","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0180","first-page":"37","article-title":"Antigen based diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in faeces of cattle and buffalo calves","volume":"83","author":"Singla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5877(99)00107-5","article-title":"Cryptosporidia on dairy farms and the role these farms may have in contaminating surface water supplies in the northeastern United States","volume":"43","author":"Sischo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Prev. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0190","first-page":"21","article-title":"Epidemiological factors influencing in prevalence of Cryptosporidium in buffalo calves of Haryana","volume":"19","author":"Swain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharma Innov. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11030","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404206101","article-title":"Prospects for inferring very large phylogenies by using the neighbor-joining method","volume":"101","author":"Tamura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0200","first-page":"916","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of conventional staining method and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits for the detection of bovine cryptosporidiosis","volume":"51","author":"Thakre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Anim. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182019000829","article-title":"Shedding of Cryptosporidium in calves and dams: evidence of re-infection and shedding of different gp60 subtypes","volume":"146","author":"Thomson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.06.023","article-title":"Multiattribute evaluation of two simple tests for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in calf faeces","volume":"134","author":"Trotz-Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-5-5","article-title":"A sporozoan found in the peptic glands of the common mouse","volume":"5","author":"Tyzzer","year":"1907","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.02.025","article-title":"Molecular prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in dairy calves in southern states of India","volume":"188","author":"Venu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update","volume":"124","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp. Parasitol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200410000-00014","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis: an update in molecular epidemiology","volume":"17","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.4.1578-1583.1999","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus","volume":"65","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbial."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0240","first-page":"163","article-title":"Detection and differentiation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water by PCR-RFLP","volume":"268","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544_bb0245","first-page":"278","article-title":"Cross-sectional study and analysis of potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium spp. infection in buffalo calves in Jammu","volume":"13","author":"Yadav","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Pract."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026001243?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026001243?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:03:43Z","timestamp":1789362223000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939026001243"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S2405939026001243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence, molecular characterization, and risk factor analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum in dairy calves from Punjab, India","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101544","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101544"}}