{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:05:50Z","timestamp":1789362350093,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020915","name":"Medical University of Dezful","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T15:18:33Z","timestamp":1785943113000},"page":"101559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in world soils: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Tooran","family":"Nayeri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Moosazadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Ghaffarifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdolhossein","family":"Dalimi Asl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nahid","family":"Maspi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ezatollah","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.4103\/MJBL.MJBL_29_22","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in contaminated soils using polymerase chain reaction analysis in Duhok City Iraq","volume":"19","author":"Abdullah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. J. Babylon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.01.004","article-title":"Spatial distribution of soil contamination by Toxoplasma gondii in relation to cat defecation behaviour in an urban area","volume":"38","author":"Afonso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-9130.2019.00434.1","article-title":"Comparative study in detection of Toxoplasma gondii on soil sample from Baghdad and Kut cities by using PCR","volume":"13","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J. Forensic Med. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR12.925","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in environmental matrices (water, soil, fruits and vegetables)","volume":"7","author":"Ajmal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Afr. J. Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.29072\/basjs.20220111","article-title":"Diagnostic and survey study of Toxoplasma gondii in the soil in Mosul city-Iraq","volume":"40","author":"Al-Hassan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basrah J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0030","article-title":"Shedding proportion of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in feral cats and soil contamination in Oyo state, Nigeria","volume":"11","author":"Awobode","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Epidemiol. Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2009.03.006","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in France: risk factors and change of prevalence between 1995 and 2003","volume":"57","author":"Berger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. Epidemiol. Sante Publique"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1654\/1525-2647-87.1.99","article-title":"First investigation of the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in urban soil in Marrakesh, Morocco","volume":"87","author":"Berrouch","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comp. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00401","article-title":"Outbreak of amazonian toxoplasmosis: a one health investigation in a remote Amerindian community","volume":"10","author":"Blaizot","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109999","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in soil in China","volume":"189","author":"Cong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7254.142","article-title":"Sources of Toxoplasma infection in pregnant women: European multicentre case-control study commentary: congenital toxoplasmosis\u2014further thought for food","volume":"321","author":"Cook","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.2307\/3280995","article-title":"Isolation of Toxoplasma from the soil during an outbreak of toxoplasmosis in a rural area in Brazil","volume":"68","author":"Coutinho","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0065","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii detection and genotyping in the environmental matrices: soil and water in Gaza, Palestine","author":"Dardona","year":"2022","journal-title":"Res Sq Preprint."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.2984\/72.4.9","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii detection in fecal samples from domestic cats (Felis catus) in Hawai \u2018i1","volume":"72","author":"Davis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pac. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1086\/521246","article-title":"Fatal outbreak of human toxoplasmosis along the Maroni River: epidemiological, clinical, and parasitological aspects","volume":"45","author":"Demar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.143232","article-title":"Digging into Toxoplasma gondii infections via soil: a quantitative microbial risk assessment approach","volume":"755","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.08.025","article-title":"Survey on the contamination of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in the soil of public parks of Wuhan, China","volume":"184","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.12.036","article-title":"Soil contamination of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in pig farms in Central China","volume":"187","author":"Du","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.03.018","article-title":"Comparative infectivity of oocysts and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii for intermediate (mice) and definitive (cats) hosts","volume":"140","author":"Dubey","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0100","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans","author":"Dubey","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0105","series-title":"Toxoplasmosis of animals and man","first-page":"220","author":"Dubey","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2307\/3283961","article-title":"Sources and reservoirs of Toxoplasma gondii infection on 47 swine farms in Illinois","author":"Dubey","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-6445(03)00071-8","article-title":"How to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples?","volume":"27","author":"Dum\u00e8tre","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0120","first-page":"78","volume":"6","author":"Felicio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Glob. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.458","article-title":"Transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in Panama City, Panama: a five-year prospective cohort study of children, cats, rodents, birds, and soil","volume":"53","author":"Frenkel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.06.165","article-title":"Land use and soil contamination with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in urban areas","volume":"568","author":"Gao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.08.003","article-title":"Spatial distribution of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil in a rural area: influence of cats and land use","volume":"205","author":"Gotteland","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0140","first-page":"158","article-title":"Isolation and genotypic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii based on GRA6 gene from environmental soil samples in Mazandaran Province, North of Iran","volume":"15","author":"Haghparast-Kenari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0145","first-page":"654","article-title":"Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocytes in soil samples from Guilan province, northern Iran","volume":"53","author":"Hassani Lafmejan Pour","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms1939.37.6_549","article-title":"Detection and confirmation of Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil","volume":"37","author":"Ito","year":"1975","journal-title":"Nihon Juigaku Zasshi."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.35","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara spp. co-infection","volume":"78","author":"Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-008-0681-5","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental soil samples using molecular methods","volume":"28","author":"Lass","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5127","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00246-12","article-title":"Quantitative estimation of the viability of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil","volume":"78","author":"L\u00e9lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0175","first-page":"1007","article-title":"Parasites in soil samples from Signy Island, Antarctica","volume":"35","author":"Lim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0277-3","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in chicken and soil of chicken farms in Nanjing region, China","volume":"6","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030517","article-title":"Contamination of soil, water, fresh produce, and bivalve mollusks with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts: A systematic review","volume":"10","author":"L\u00f3pez Ure\u00f1a","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/traa133","article-title":"Toxoplasma oocysts in the soil of public places worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"115","author":"Maleki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"151","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis","volume":"363","author":"Montoya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2021.101715","article-title":"Investigation of soil contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii oocyst in urban public environment, in Brazil","volume":"79","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14705","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soil and risk mapping in an island environment in the Northeast of Brazil","volume":"69","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7409076","article-title":"Screening of zoonotic parasites in playground sandboxes of public parks from subtropical Mexico","volume":"2019","author":"Pacheco-Ortega","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0220","first-page":"327","article-title":"The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens","volume":"27","author":"Pinto Ferreira","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fawpar.2022.e00175","article-title":"Detection of Giardia duodenalis and Toxoplasma gondii in soil and water samples in the Quind\u00edo River basin, Colombia","volume":"28","author":"Pinto-Duarte","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Waterborne Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1590\/s1984-29612019044","article-title":"Investigation and environmental analysis of samples from outbreak of toxoplasmosis at research institution in Londrina, Paran\u00e1, Brazil, 2016","volume":"28","author":"Pinto-Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0235","series-title":"Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn E-Book","author":"Remington","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2021.1941867","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis: recent advances and a look to the future","volume":"19","author":"Robert","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti-Infect. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05013-11","article-title":"Epidemiology of and diagnostic strategies for toxoplasmosis","volume":"25","author":"Robert-Gangneux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2307\/3278604","article-title":"Isolation of Toxoplasma from soil","volume":"59","author":"Ruiz","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-016-0778-1","article-title":"Detection and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from soil in Ahvaz, southwest of Iran","volume":"41","author":"Saki","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Parasit. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.02.045","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples from public schools","volume":"171","author":"dos Santos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2016.06.001","article-title":"Risk factors and molecular typing of Toxoplasma gondii isolated from ostriches (Struthio camelus) from a Brazilian slaughterhouse","volume":"225","author":"da Silva","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.01.004","article-title":"Spatial distribution of soil contaminated with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in relation to the distribution and use of domestic cat defecation sites on dairy farms","volume":"47","author":"Simon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.rmm.2.1.35","article-title":"Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocytes in the soil from the public parks of the Arak City, Iran","volume":"2","author":"Solymane","year":"2014","journal-title":"Res. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0280","first-page":"529","article-title":"Analysis of prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in selected rural households in the Lublin region","volume":"56","author":"Sroka","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0290","first-page":"227","article-title":"Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from soil samples in Tehran, Iran","volume":"8","author":"Tavalla","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00124-7","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans","volume":"30","author":"Tenter","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-014-0238-z","article-title":"Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in soils in Northwestern China using a new semi-nested PCR assay","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Vet. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/zph.12656","article-title":"Seasonal and spatial variation in Toxoplasma gondii contamination in soil in urban public spaces in California, United States","volume":"67","author":"de Wit","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2017.06.026","article-title":"Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) combined with lateral flow (LF) strip for detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the environment","volume":"243","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14197","article-title":"Dynamics and epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii oocyst shedding in domestic and wild felids","volume":"69","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound. Emerg. Dis."}],"container-title":["Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026001395?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2405939026001395?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T05:01:43Z","timestamp":1789362103000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2405939026001395"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S2405939026001395"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559","relation":{},"ISSN":["2405-9390"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2405-9390","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Molecular prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in world soils: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Veterinary Parasitology: Regional Studies and Reports","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.vprsr.2026.101559","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101559"}}