{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T17:38:06Z","timestamp":1771695486570,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,1]],"date-time":"2008-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225497600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Waste Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,1]],"date-time":"2007-12-01T03:55:33Z","timestamp":1196481333000},"page":"2061-2069","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations of Mn-oxide rich cathodic material from spent disposable alkaline batteries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Mark P.S.","family":"Krekeler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3724","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00071-9","article-title":"Sorption of lead ions ondiatomite and manganese oxide modified diatomite","volume":"35","author":"Al-Degs","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Research"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7753(95)02237-6","article-title":"Economic considerations of battery recycling based on the Recytec process","volume":"57","author":"Ammann","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.11.081","article-title":"Sulfur dioxide leaching of spent zinc\u2013carbon-battery scrap","volume":"159","author":"Avraamides","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1346\/CCMN.2003.0510210","article-title":"Arsenic sorption onto soils enriched in Mn and Fe minerals","volume":"51","author":"Deschamps","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clays and Clay Minerals"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03221358","article-title":"PLACID \u2013 A clean process for recycling lead from batteries","volume":"48","author":"Diaz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib7","unstructured":"Directive 2006\/66\/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 6 September 2006 on batteries and accumulators and waste batteries and accumulators and repealing Directive 91\/157\/EEC. L 266\/1\u2013L266\/14."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-265X(01)00092-3","article-title":"Investigation of Fe, Mn oxides and organic material in surface coatings and Pb, Cd adsorption to surface coatings developed in different natural waters","volume":"70","author":"Dong","year":"2001","journal-title":"Microchemical Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1029\/1998GL900229","article-title":"A clue regarding the origin of rock varnish","volume":"26","author":"Fleisher","year":"1999","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-7037(02)01301-7","article-title":"X-ray absorbtion fine structure study of As(V) and Se (IV) sorption complexes on hydrous Mn oxides","volume":"67","author":"Foster","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2004.11.027","article-title":"Deposit morphology of the zinc recovery by electrodeposition from spent Zn\u2013MnO2 batteries","volume":"143","author":"Freitas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7753(95)02234-1","article-title":"The BATENUS process for recycling mixed battery waste","volume":"57","author":"Frohlich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2006.03.021","article-title":"Mechanochemical synthesis of the nanocrystalline semiconductors in an industrial mill","volume":"164","author":"Godocikova","year":"2006","journal-title":"Powder Technology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7753(95)02233-3","article-title":"General overview of battery waste management in Japan","volume":"57","author":"Kanemaru","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1006\/jcat.1994.1325","article-title":"Alumina-supported manganese oxide catalysts 1: characterization \u2013 effect of precursor and loading","volume":"150","author":"Kapteijn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2005.12.056","article-title":"Analysis of a hydrometallugical route to recover base metals from spent rechargeable batteries by liquid\u2013liquid extraction with Cyanex 272","volume":"159","author":"Mantuano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jounral of Power sources"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1021\/es0012164","article-title":"Reactivity of Pb(II) and the Mn(III,IV) (oxyhydr)oxide\u2013water interface","volume":"35","author":"Matocha","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.2138\/am-2001-5-611","article-title":"Characterization of manganese oxide mineralogy in rock varnish and dendrites using X-ray absorption spectroscopy","volume":"86","author":"McKeown","year":"2001","journal-title":"American Mineralogist"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.740170109","article-title":"The oxidation and oxide overlay stability of Ag\u2013Mn alloys","volume":"17","author":"Mencer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Surface and Interface Analysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib20","first-page":"1","article-title":"New lines in lead battery scrap recycling","volume":"70","author":"Morachevskii","year":"1997","journal-title":"Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7753(95)02232-5","article-title":"Collection of spent batteries in Rome","volume":"57","author":"Muzi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2005.10.021","article-title":"Recycling spent zinc manganese dioxide batteries through synthesizing Zn\u2013Mn ferrite magnetic materials","volume":"133","author":"Nan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.06.037","article-title":"Production of brown pigments for porcelain insulator applications","volume":"26","author":"Ozel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the European Ceramic Society"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cplett.2006.03.071","article-title":"Novel ZnO nanostructures over gold and silver nanoparticles assemblies","volume":"423","author":"Pachauri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemical Physics Letters"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7753(95)02230-9","article-title":"Impact of household batteries in landfills","volume":"57","author":"Panero","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.3447","article-title":"Manganese oxide minerals: crystal structures and economic and environmental significance","volume":"96","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(03)00100-0","article-title":"Low-temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over iron and manganese oxides supported on titania","volume":"44","author":"Qi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis B-Environmental"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2541(01)00393-X","article-title":"Adsorption of Au (I,III) complexes on Fe, Mn oxides and humic acid","volume":"185","author":"Ran","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chemical Geology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(02)00701-2","article-title":"Changing patterns in global lead supply and demand","volume":"116","author":"Roberts","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1021\/es015516c","article-title":"Zinc speciation in a smelter-contaminated soil profile using bulk and microspectroscopic techniques","volume":"36","author":"Roberts","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(03)00025-9","article-title":"Recovery of zinc and manganese from spent alkaline batteries by liquid\u2013liquid extraction with Cyanex 272","volume":"115","author":"Salgado","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-7753(95)02246-5","article-title":"COBAT: collection and recycling spent lead acid batteries in Italy","volume":"57","author":"Sancilio","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.07.002","article-title":"Household hazardous waste in municipal landfills: contaminants in leachate","volume":"337","author":"Slack","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(01)00202-8","article-title":"Synthesis of La\u2013K\u2013Mn\u2013O perovskite-type oxides and their catalytic property for simultaneous removal of NOx and diesel soot particulates","volume":"34","author":"Teraoka","year":"2001","journal-title":"Applied Catalysis B-Environmental"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(99)00060-9","article-title":"Zinc contamination in the cathodic material of exhausted alkaline manganese dioxide batteries","volume":"79","author":"Vatistas","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-7753(01)00710-8","article-title":"The dismantling of the spent alkaline zinc manganese dioxide batteries and the recovery of the zinc from the anodic material","volume":"101","author":"Vatistas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of Power Sources"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9517(89)90253-4","article-title":"A comparative study on perovskite-type mixed oxide catalysts AX\u2019A1-XBO3-\u03bb for NH3 oxidation","volume":"120","author":"Wu","year":"1989","journal-title":"Journal of Catalysis"},{"issue":"29\u201330","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2006.03.064","article-title":"Study on preparation of nanocrystalline ferrites using spent alkaline Zn\u2013Mn batteries","volume":"60","author":"Xi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Materials Letters"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2003.11.012","article-title":"The BATINTREC process for reclaiming used batteries","volume":"24","author":"Xia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Waste Management"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A1719","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2218267","volume":"153","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of the Electrochemical Society"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0921-3449(98)00071-8","article-title":"Recycling of spent lead\/acid batteries: the case of Greece","volume":"25","author":"Zabaniotou","year":"1999","journal-title":"Resources Conservation and Recycling"}],"container-title":["Waste Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X07002851?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X07002851?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,2]],"date-time":"2019-01-02T16:51:20Z","timestamp":1546447880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956053X07002851"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0956053X07002851"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2007.09.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-053X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-053X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,11]]}}}