{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:05:25Z","timestamp":1792530325153,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]],"date-time":"2014-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1412121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,19]],"date-time":"2014-07-19T10:30:10Z","timestamp":1405765810000},"page":"1783-1792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Generation of copper rich metallic phases from waste printed circuit boards"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Cayumil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Khanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ikram-Ul-Haq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rajarao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Hill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Sahajwalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0005","unstructured":"Bernardes, A., Bohlinger, I., Rodriguez, D., Milbrandt, H., Wuth, W., 1997. Recycling of printed circuit boards by melting with oxidising\/reducing top blowing process. In: TMS Annual Meeting. Orlando, Florida, pp. 363\u2013375."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(98)00153-8","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of techniques for controlling the formation and emission of chlorinated dioxins\/furans in municipal waste incineration","volume":"62","author":"Buekens","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0015","series-title":"Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction","author":"Callister","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02872905","article-title":"The Cu\u2013Pb system","volume":"5","author":"Chakrabarti","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7668","DOI":"10.1021\/es071492j","article-title":"Body loadings and health risk assessment of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans at an intensive electronic waste recycling site in China","volume":"41","author":"Chan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-9290.2009.00171.x","article-title":"Assessment of precious metal flows during preprocessing of waste electrical and electronic equipment","volume":"13","author":"Chancerel","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Ind. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02649416","article-title":"The Cu\u2013Pb\u2013Sn (copper\u2013lead\u2013tin) system","volume":"15","author":"Chattopadhyay","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Phase Equilib."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(03)00061-X","article-title":"Mechanical recycling of waste electric and electronic equipment: a review","volume":"99","author":"Cui","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0045","series-title":"Waste: A Handbook for Management","first-page":"281","article-title":"Electronic waste","author":"Cui","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2008.02.001","article-title":"Metallurgical recovery of metals from electronic waste: a review","volume":"158","author":"Cui","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0055","series-title":"Extractive Metallurgy of Copper","author":"Davenport","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaap.2008.03.011","article-title":"Pyrolysis of electrical and electronic wastes","volume":"82","author":"de Marco","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0065","series-title":"Proposal for a European parliament and Council Directive on Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment","author":"EC","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.02.037","article-title":"Metals recovering from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) using molten salts","volume":"213\u2013214","author":"Flandinet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1021\/es00164a006","article-title":"Catalytic effects of fly ash from waste incineration facilities on the formation and decomposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans","volume":"21","author":"Hagenmaier","year":"1987","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(98)00288-4","article-title":"Full-scale plant study on low temperature thermal dechlorination of PCDDs\/PCDFs in fly ash","volume":"37","author":"Ishida","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02890552","article-title":"The Pb\u2013Sn (Lead\u2013Tin) system","volume":"9","author":"Karakaya","year":"1988","journal-title":"Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2011.08.013","article-title":"Printed wiring boards for mobile phones: characterization and recycling of copper","volume":"31","author":"Kasper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans.M2009062","article-title":"A high temperature process for extracting valuable metals from waste electric and electronic scraps (WEES)","volume":"50","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1021\/es0625935","article-title":"Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in soil and combusted residue at Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling site in Southeast China","volume":"41","author":"Leung","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-8947(01)00228-5","article-title":"Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review","volume":"86","author":"McKay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.98106s1217","article-title":"Soil is an important pathway of human lead exposure","volume":"106","author":"Mielke","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11837-011-0132-0","article-title":"Recovery of Cu and valuable metals from E-waste using thermal plasma treatment","volume":"63","author":"Mitrasinovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2320\/matertrans.MBW200806","article-title":"Evaluation method of metal resource recyclability based on thermodynamic analysis","volume":"50","author":"Nakajima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mater. Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0125","first-page":"485","volume":"19","author":"Nie","year":"1994","journal-title":"Low temperature thermal cracking of PCDDs\/PCDFs in fly ash organohalogen compounds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0130","series-title":"Exporting harm: the high-tech trashing of Asia. The Basel Action Network","author":"Puckett","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matlet.2014.01.018","article-title":"Synthesis of silicon carbide nanoparticles by using electronic waste as a carbon source","volume":"120","author":"Rajarao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mater. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0140","first-page":"261","article-title":"The thermodynamics of substances of interest in iron and steel making from 0\u00b0C to 2400\u00b0C: I-oxides","volume":"160","author":"Richardson","year":"1948","journal-title":"Iron Steel Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0145","first-page":"210","article-title":"Thermal behaviour of brominated flame retardants and PBDDs\/DFs","volume":"47","author":"Sakai","year":"2000","journal-title":"Organohalogen Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(00)00224-1","article-title":"Combustion of brominated flame retardants and behaviour of its byproducts","volume":"42","author":"Sakai","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03029299","article-title":"The Cu\u2013Sn system","volume":"11","author":"Saunders","year":"1990","journal-title":"Bull. Alloy Phase Diagram"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0160","series-title":"Recycling \u2013 From E-waste to resources","author":"Schluep","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0165","unstructured":"Sch\u00f6ner, J., Hornung, A., Sagi, S., Seifert, H., 2004. Post-treatment of pyrolysis residues of WEEE. Recovery of precious metals. In: International Conference on Incineration and Thermal Treatment Technologies. Phoenix, Arizona."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2009.04.001","article-title":"A review of the environmental fate and effects of hazardous substances released from electrical and electronic equipments during recycling: examples from China and India","volume":"30","author":"Sep\u00falveda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Assess. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2008.07.005","article-title":"Dioxin-like compounds in agricultural soils near e-waste recycling sites from Taizhou area, China: chemical and bioanalytical characterization","volume":"35","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(87)90188-3","article-title":"On formation conditions of PCDD\/PCDF in fly ash from municipal waste incinerators","volume":"16","author":"Stieglitz","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(91)90144-3","article-title":"High-temperature degradation of polybrominated flame retardant materials","volume":"23","author":"Striebich","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03220549","article-title":"Recovery of metals from electronic scrap","volume":"43","author":"Sum","year":"1991","journal-title":"JOM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02665064","article-title":"The growth of Cu\u2013Sn intermetallics at a pretinned copper-solder interface","volume":"23","author":"Sunwoo","year":"1992","journal-title":"Metall. Trans. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0200","unstructured":"UNEP, 2006. Basel Conference Addresses Electronic Wastes Challenge. United Nations Environment Programme."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X0001800205","article-title":"Thermal treatment of electrical and electronic waste plastics","volume":"18","author":"Vehlow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Waste Manage. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(86)90412-1","article-title":"Thermal behaviour of PCDD\/PCDF in fly ash from municipal incinerators","volume":"15","author":"Vogg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0215","unstructured":"Zhou, G., Luo, Z., Zhai, X., 2007. Experimental study on metal recycling from waste PCB. In: International Conference on Sustainable Solid Waste Management. Chennai, India, pp. 155\u2013162."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2010.06.012","article-title":"Recovery of materials from waste printed circuit boards by vacuum pyrolysis and vacuum centrifugal separation","volume":"30","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Waste Manage."}],"container-title":["Waste Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X14002049?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X14002049?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,1]],"date-time":"2018-10-01T13:24:17Z","timestamp":1538400257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956053X14002049"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0956053X14002049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-053X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-053X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Generation of copper rich metallic phases from waste printed circuit boards","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Waste Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2014.05.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}