{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T01:29:11Z","timestamp":1789867751771,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010041","name":"Tianjin Science and Technology Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,27]],"date-time":"2021-03-27T00:09:33Z","timestamp":1616803773000},"page":"388-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Comparative life cycle assessment of emergency disposal scenarios for medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Hailong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HanQiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoxia","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.03.049","article-title":"Application of multi-criteria-decision approach for the analysis of medical waste management systems in Myanmar","volume":"222","author":"Aung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X13507314","article-title":"Application countermeasures of non-incineration technologies for medical waste treatment in China","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Waste Manage. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0015","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Guo, C., 2020. Handbook of Emergency Disposal and Management of Medical Waste in China. http:\/\/bcrc.tsinghua.edu.cn\/col\/1256347643949\/index.html (Accessed 2 November 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0020","first-page":"737","article-title":"Life cycle energy conservation and emission reduction targets assessment of refined copper industry (in Chinese)","volume":"9","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian J. Ecotoxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1248361","article-title":"Emerging approaches, challenges and opportunities in life cycle assessment","volume":"344","author":"Hellweg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.10.206","article-title":"Life-cycle environmental and economic assessment of medical waste treatment","volume":"174","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0035","unstructured":"ISO, 14044, 2006. Environmental management Life cycle assessment Requirements and guidelines. https:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/38498.html (Accessed 2 November 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0040","unstructured":"ISO, 14040, 2006. Environmental Management-life Cycle Assessment Principles and Framework. http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/home\/store\/catalogue_tc\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=37456 (Accessed 2 November 2020)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.09.199","article-title":"Uncertainty analysis in the life cycle assessment of cassava ethanol in China","volume":"206","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2020.109883","article-title":"Minimising the present and future plastic waste, energy and environmental footprints related to COVID-19","volume":"127","author":"Kleme\u0161","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X15574561","article-title":"Sustainability and shared smart and mutual - green growth (SSaM-GG) in Korean medical waste management","volume":"33","author":"Koo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manage. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.122113","article-title":"The feasibility analysis of cement kiln as an MSW treatment infrastructure: From a life cycle environmental impact perspective","volume":"267","author":"Kosajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0065","unstructured":"London, B., 2016. BP statistical review of world energy June 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12141","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b04286","article-title":"Challenges in quantifying greenhouse gas impacts of waste-based biofuels in EU and US biofuel policies: Case study of butanol and ethanol production from municipal solid waste","volume":"53","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0075","series-title":"Whole Life Cycle Comprehensive Environment Impact Assessment of Hydraulic Power Chuck","first-page":"35","author":"Mi","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2020.05.035","article-title":"Medical waste management practice during the 2019\u20132020 novel coronavirus pandemic: Experience in a general hospital","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2012.09.021","article-title":"Applications of life cycle assessment and cost analysis in health care waste management","volume":"33","author":"Soares","year":"2013","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138870","article-title":"Environmental perspective of COVID-19","volume":"728","author":"Saadat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0095","first-page":"120","article-title":"Thoughts and Suggestions on Reinforcing the Weakness of Medical Waste Collection and Disposal Facilities in China (in Chinese)","volume":"46","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pro Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0100","unstructured":"Wang, W., 2013. Advantage and disadvantage of waste incinerator burning domestic waste with medical waste: Taking Shanghai Yuqiao domestic waste incineration plant as an example (in Chinese). Environ. Sanitat. Eng. 21, 18-20."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114665","article-title":"Disinfection technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: Suggestions for disinfection strategy during coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China","volume":"262","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1021\/es502128k","article-title":"How to conduct a proper sensitivity analysis in life cycle assessment: taking into account correlations within LCI data and interactions within the LCA calculation model","volume":"49","author":"Wei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1021\/es504750q","article-title":"Waste management of printed wiring boards: A life cycle assessment of the metals recycling chain from liberation through refining","volume":"49","author":"Xue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.105074","article-title":"Emergency response to the explosive growth of health care wastes during COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China","volume":"164","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abc7778","article-title":"COVID-19's unsustainable waste management","volume":"368","author":"You","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17051770","article-title":"Reverse logistics network design for effective management of medical waste in epidemic outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China)","volume":"17","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Pub. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2015.10.005","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of high speed rail in China","volume":"41","author":"Yue","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part D: Transp. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0145","first-page":"1683","article-title":"Construction of medical waste emergency disposal system in China (in Chinese)","volume":"33","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2019.106354","article-title":"A dynamic analysis of the global warming potential associated with air conditioning at a city scale: an empirical study in Shenzhen, China","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Impact Asses."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.06.016","article-title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of two ceramsite production technologies for reusing municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash in China","volume":"113","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-008-0049-1","article-title":"Comparative life cycle assessments of incineration and non-incineration treatments for medical waste","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Ass."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0165","first-page":"23","article-title":"Current situation and risk prevention and control of emergency process of medical waste by MSW incineration facility (in Chinese)","volume":"28","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Sanitat. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21001","article-title":"Sustainable polymers from renewable resources","volume":"540","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Waste Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X21001768?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X21001768?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T17:53:19Z","timestamp":1760637199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956053X21001768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0956053X21001768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-053X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-053X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparative life cycle assessment of emergency disposal scenarios for medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Waste Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.034","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}