{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T04:08:04Z","timestamp":1792901284126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023364","name":"Canadian Stroke Consortium","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202006370194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202006370194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["I2IPJ 566796-21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["I2IPJ 566796-21"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,31]],"date-time":"2023-08-31T01:04:41Z","timestamp":1693443881000},"page":"134-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Direct selective leaching of lithium from industrial-grade black mass of waste lithium-ion batteries containing LiFePO4 cathodes"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Tianyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5791-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajashekhar","family":"Marthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshit","family":"Mahandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujin","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Traversy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Sadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeonuk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3568-7880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ghahreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0005","series-title":"Critical and Rare Earth Elements: Recovery from Secondary Resources","author":"Akcil","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1149\/1.1391688","article-title":"A study of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite as a model for the graphite anode in Li-ion batteries","volume":"146","author":"Bar-Tow","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0015","unstructured":"BASF, 2020. Formic acid-general. https:\/\/insights.basf.com\/files\/pdf\/Formic_acid_general.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.228548","article-title":"Special issue: Battery community celebration of 2019 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of lithium-ion batteries","volume":"471","author":"Belharouak","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.4053","article-title":"A brief review on hydrometallurgical technologies for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries","volume":"88","author":"Chagnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Chem. Technol. Biot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jechem.2020.10.017","article-title":"A review of lithium-ion battery safety concerns: The issues, strategies, and testing standards","volume":"59","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Energy Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2018.02.024","article-title":"Thermal treatment and ammoniacal leaching for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries","volume":"75","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2016.01.010","article-title":"Advance review on the exploitation of the prominent energy-storage element: Lithium. Part I: From mineral and brine resources","volume":"89","author":"Choubey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2017.04.008","article-title":"Advance review on the exploitation of the prominent energy-storage element Lithium. Part II: From sea water and spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs)","volume":"110","author":"Choubey","year":"2017","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(87)90024-8","article-title":"The adsorption of heavy-metals onto hydrous activated carbon","volume":"21","author":"Corapcioglu","year":"1987","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8819","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201502925","article-title":"Oxidative decarboxylation of short-chain fatty acids to 1-alkenes","volume":"54","author":"Dennig","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jwpe.2020.101339","article-title":"Removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution using carbon-based adsorbents: A review","volume":"37","author":"Duan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Water Process Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-020-00748-8","article-title":"Post-lithium-ion battery cell production and its compatibility with lithium-ion cell production infrastructure","volume":"6","author":"Duffner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Energy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1039\/c1ee01598b","article-title":"Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review","volume":"4","author":"Etacheri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energ. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oneear.2019.12.001","article-title":"Profitable recycling of low-cobalt lithium-ion batteries will depend on new process developments","volume":"1","author":"Gaines","year":"2019","journal-title":"One Earth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.01.040","article-title":"Selective recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries - Process development and kinetics evaluation","volume":"178","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2012.01.152","article-title":"Development of a recycling process for Li-ion batteries","volume":"207","author":"Georgi-Maschler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1682-5","article-title":"Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles","volume":"575","author":"Harper","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.01.017","article-title":"Synthesis of graphene and recovery of lithium from lithiated graphite of spent Li-ion battery","volume":"124","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-021-00325-9","article-title":"Mining our green future","volume":"6","author":"Herrington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2015.05.049","article-title":"Nanocarbons in different structural dimensions (0\u20133D) for phenol adsorption and metal-free catalytic oxidation","volume":"179","author":"Indrawirawan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Catal B-Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14207","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b02074","article-title":"E-pH diagrams for the Li-Fe-P-H2O System from 298 to 473 K: Thermodynamic analysis and application to the wet chemical processes of the LiFePO4 cathode material","volume":"123","author":"Jing","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2020.102217","article-title":"A review of recycling spent lithium-ion battery cathode materials using hydrometallurgical treatments","volume":"35","author":"Jung","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.05.046","article-title":"Selective recovery of Li and FePO4 from spent LiFePO4 cathode scraps by organic acids and the properties of the regenerated LiFePO4","volume":"113","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0125","series-title":"Li-ion batteries for mobility and stationary storage applications","author":"Lebedeva","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S1003-6326(22)66133-8","article-title":"Leaching kinetics of de-lithium residue from spent ternary lithium-ion battery cathodic materials with starch as reductant","volume":"33","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"T. Nonferr. Metal. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15915","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.0c04960","article-title":"A green and cost-effective method for production of LiOH from spent LiFePO4","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2020.03.017","article-title":"Selective recovery of lithium and iron phosphate\/carbon from spent lithium iron phosphate cathode material by anionic membrane slurry electrolysis","volume":"107","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800561","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800561","article-title":"30 Years of Lithium-Ion Batteries","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8017","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.7b01594","article-title":"Recovery of lithium, iron, and phosphorus from spent LiFePO4 batteries using stoichiometric sulfuric acid leaching system","volume":"5","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.04.304","article-title":"Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries in view of lithium recovery: A critical review","volume":"228","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9781","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01919","article-title":"Acid-free and selective extraction of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries via a mechanochemically induced isomorphic substitution","volume":"53","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1344","DOI":"10.1039\/D0GC03683H","article-title":"Selective extraction of lithium from a spent lithium iron phosphate battery by mechanochemical solid-phase oxidation","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5165","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b07515","article-title":"Selective recovery of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries by coupling advanced oxidation processes and chemical leaching processes","volume":"8","author":"Lv","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2021.105883","article-title":"A sustainable process for selective recovery of lithium as lithium phosphate from spent LiFePO4 batteries","volume":"175","author":"Mahandra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour Conserv Recy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2021.229622","article-title":"Pyrometallurgical options for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries: A comprehensive review","volume":"491","author":"Makuza","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135831","article-title":"Synergetic carbothermic reduction and selective hydrochlorination of spent Li-ion batteries black mass towards enhanced metal recovery","volume":"386","author":"Makuza","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(84)90123-4","article-title":"In vivo formation of single-strand breaks in DNA by hydrogen peroxide is mediated by the Haber-Weiss reaction","volume":"781","author":"Mello Filho","year":"1984","journal-title":"Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Gene Structure and Expression"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2019.105160","article-title":"Selective recovery of valuable metals from industrial waste lithium-ion batteries using citric acid under reductive conditions: Leaching optimization and kinetic analysis","volume":"191","author":"Meng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hydrometall."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1080\/08827508.2019.1668387","article-title":"Review of lithium production and recovery from minerals, brines, and lithium-ion batteries","volume":"42","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Min Proc Ext Met Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.01.101","article-title":"Use of electrochemical cathode-reduction method for leaching of cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries","volume":"180","author":"Meng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2014.03.043","article-title":"Graphite felt electrochemically modified in H2SO4 solution used as a cathode to produce H2O2 for pre-oxidation of drinking water","volume":"250","author":"Miao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)75755-X","article-title":"The requirement for iron(iii) in the initiation of lipid-peroxidation by iron(ii) and hydrogen-peroxide","volume":"262","author":"Minotti","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2021.03.645","article-title":"Application of various processes to recycle lithium-ion batteries (LIBs): A brief review","volume":"47","author":"Mohanty","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. Today Proceed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102917","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202102917","article-title":"Recycling of lithium-ion batteries\u2014current state of the art, circular economy, and next generation recycling","volume":"12","author":"Neumann","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.03.010","article-title":"Development of Lithium-Ion Batteries Wins Nobel Prize","volume":"6","author":"O'Neill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003456","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202003456","article-title":"Sustainable li-ion batteries: Chemistry and recycling","volume":"11","author":"Piatek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2010.08.021","article-title":"Metal separation from mixed types of batteries using selective precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction techniques","volume":"31","author":"Provazi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0690(199904)1999:4<737::AID-EJOC737>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"100 years of Baeyer-Villiger oxidations","volume":"4","author":"Renz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-015-0942-3","article-title":"Environmental trade-offs across cascading lithium-ion battery life cycles","volume":"22","author":"Richa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5866(01)00139-3","article-title":"Heavy metals removal by adsorption onto peanut husks carbon: characterization, kinetic study and modeling","volume":"24","author":"Ricordel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0260","article-title":"A fast and efficient method for selective extraction of lithium from spent lithium iron phosphate battery","volume":"23","author":"Shentu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Technol Inno"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2020.105219","article-title":"A qualitative assessment of lithium ion battery recycling processes","volume":"165","author":"Sommerville","year":"2021","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2015.02.039","article-title":"Opportunities to improve recycling of automotive lithium ion batteries","volume":"29","author":"Sonoc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sutherland, M.W., 1991. The Generation of oxygen radicals during host plant-responses to infection. Physiol Mol Plant P 39, 79-93.","DOI":"10.1016\/0885-5765(91)90020-I"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2020.228596","article-title":"Recovery and regeneration of lithium cobalt oxide from spent lithium-ion batteries through a low-temperature ammonium sulfate roasting approach","volume":"474","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1039\/C6GC03424A","article-title":"Environmental risk-based ranking of solvents using the combination of a multimedia model and multi-criteria decision analysis","volume":"19","author":"Tobiszewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2007.11.074","article-title":"A review of processes and technologies for the recycling of lithium-ion secondary batteries","volume":"177","author":"Xu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Power Sources"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hydromet.2015.09.025","article-title":"Thermal treatment process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries","volume":"165","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hydrometall."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(99)00047-0","article-title":"Surface characterization of electrochemically oxidized carbon fibers","volume":"37","author":"Yue","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.08.014","article-title":"Solving spent lithium-ion battery problems in China: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew Sust Energ Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5626","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.9b00404","article-title":"Sustainable and facile method for the selective recovery of lithium from cathode scrap of spent LiFePO4 batteries","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7239","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CS00297E","article-title":"Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries","volume":"47","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0320","series-title":"Recovery of lithium from leaching solution of spent lithium-ion battery anode materials by solvent extraction method","author":"Zhao","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2018.12.025","article-title":"Lithium carbonate recovery from lithium-containing solution by ultrasound assisted precipitation","volume":"52","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2018.05.018","article-title":"A mini-review on metal recycling from spent lithium ion batteries","volume":"4","author":"Zheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Engineering"}],"container-title":["Waste Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X23005408?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X23005408?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T18:06:48Z","timestamp":1760638008000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956053X23005408"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S0956053X23005408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-053X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-053X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Direct selective leaching of lithium from industrial-grade black mass of waste lithium-ion batteries containing LiFePO4 cathodes","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Waste Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.08.030","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}