{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T21:54:01Z","timestamp":1793397241437,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,19]],"date-time":"2025-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T14:20:59Z","timestamp":1742826059000},"page":"114757","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Informal waste collection and municipal waste management in Hungary: A pilot project featuring smartphones to estimate the extent of informally retrieved bulky waste"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"200","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-1582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tim","family":"Gittins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7220-6871","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Letenyei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0005","first-page":"1","article-title":"An Integrative Framework for Formal and Informal Entrepreneurship Research in Africa","volume":"22","author":"Adu-Gyamfi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Afr. Bus."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/02662426211054099","article-title":"Understanding internationalisation of informal African firms through a network perspective","volume":"40","author":"Boafo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Small Bus. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1002\/bse.2466","article-title":"Designing business models in circular economy: A systematic literature review and research agenda","volume":"29","author":"Centobelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bus. Strateg. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X221135261","article-title":"Formal and informal solid waste management in Kutaisi, Georgia: A status quo report based on material flow analysis","volume":"41","author":"Chachkhiani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Manag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0025","first-page":"12456","article-title":"The myth of livelihoods through urban mining: The case of e-waste pickers in Cape Town","volume":"118","author":"Chitaka","year":"2022","journal-title":"S. Afr. J. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.3390\/su15032337","article-title":"What Does It Mean to Have a Dirty and Informal Job? The Case of Waste Pickers in the Rio Grande do Sul","volume":"15","author":"Coletto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brazil. Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318813558","article-title":"Engaging Gypsy, Roma, and Traveller Communities in Research: Maximizing Opportunities and Overcoming Challenges","volume":"29","author":"Condon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3112\/erdkunde.2012.01.03","article-title":"Cairo's informal waste collectors: a multi-scale and conflict sensitive perspective on sustainable livelihoods","volume":"66","author":"Didero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Erdkunde"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0045","first-page":"1","article-title":"The availability of green spaces for different socio-economic groups in cities: a case study of Budapest","volume":"18","author":"Farkas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hungary Journal of Maps"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/aman.12999","article-title":"With the Smartphone as Field Assistant: Designing, Making, and Testing EthnoAlly, a Multimodal Tool for Conducting Serendipitous Ethnography in a Multisensory World","volume":"120","author":"Favero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. Anthropol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.124035","article-title":"Modeling the e-waste mitigation strategies using grey-theory and DEMATEL framework","volume":"281","author":"Garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0060","first-page":"133","article-title":"Informal entrepreneurship and the circular economy in Hungary: entrepreneurial practices of informal Roma municipal waste collectors","volume":"14","author":"Gittins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eastern Journal of European Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2023.03.020","article-title":"Barriers and opportunities for waste pickers within solid waste management policy in Colombia","volume":"163","author":"G\u00f3mez-Maldonado","year":"2023","journal-title":"Waste Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.47743\/ejes-2022-0203","article-title":"Evaluating the relationship between sustainable development, localisation and the informal economy: evidence from Romania","volume":"13","author":"Horodnic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eastern Journal of European Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/tie.22157","article-title":"How entrepreneurship ecosystem influences the development of frugal innovation and informal entrepreneurship","volume":"62","author":"Igwe","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thunderbird Int. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kereszt\u00e9ly, K., and J. Scott. 2012. Urban Regeneration in the Post-Socialist Context: Budapest and the Search for a Social Dimension. European Planning Studies 20: 1111-1134. doi: 10.1080\/09654313.2012.674346.","DOI":"10.1080\/09654313.2012.674346"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.04.014","article-title":"Social metabolism and material flow analysis applied to waste management: A study case of Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina","volume":"126","author":"L\u00f3pez de Munain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/area.12426","article-title":"Urban Roma, segregation and place attachment in Szeged, Hungary","volume":"51","author":"M\u00e1lovics","year":"2019","journal-title":"Area"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1177\/1468796814542180","article-title":"Methodological puzzles of surveying Roma\/Gypsy populations","volume":"14","author":"Messing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ethnicities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3390\/su14020647","article-title":"Review on Global E-Waste Management: Urban Mining towards a Sustainable Future and Circular Economy","volume":"14","author":"Murthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.12.026","article-title":"Assessing data in the informal e-waste sector: The Agbogbloshie Scrapyard","volume":"139","author":"Owusu-Sekyere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/14616696.2017.1354390","article-title":"Informality \u2018in spite of\u2019 or \u2018beyond\u2019 the state: some evidence from Hungary and Romania","volume":"2","author":"Polese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1080\/13549839.2021.1974368","article-title":"Policing the stigma in our waste: what we know about informal waste pickers in the Global North","volume":"26","author":"Porras Bulla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Local Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0120","series-title":"The SAGE Handbook of Digital Technology Research","author":"Price","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2015.07.015","article-title":"Modelling informally collected quantities of bulky waste and reusable items in Austria","volume":"44","author":"Ramusch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2021.03.006","article-title":"Systematic review on informal waste picking: Occupational hazards and health outcomes","volume":"126","author":"Rava Zolnikov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Waste Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1177\/1466138117733754","article-title":"Three models of transparency in ethnographic research : Naming places, naming people, and sharing data","volume":"19","author":"Reyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ethnography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13645579.2022.2111817","article-title":"Approachable modeling and smart methods: a new methods field of study","volume":"27","author":"Schimpf","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Res. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2022.107661","article-title":"Circular economy and household e-waste management in India: Integration of formal and informal sectors","volume":"184","author":"Sengupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugie, N.F. 2018. Utilizing Smartphones to Study Disadvantaged and Hard-to-Reach Groups. Sociological Methods & Research 47: 458-49. doi: 10.1177\/0049124115626176.","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124115626176"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1609406920981325","article-title":"Snap-Send-Share-Story: A Methodological Approach to Understanding Urban Residents' Household Food Waste Group Stories in The Hague (Netherlands)","volume":"19","author":"Trevenen-Jones","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Qual. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X16652964","article-title":"Resource recovery from waste by Roma in the Balkans: A case study from Zavidovici (BiH)","volume":"34","author":"Vaccari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Waste Management & Research: the Journal of the International Solid Wastes and Public Cleansing Association"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1177\/1077800413479566","article-title":"Assembling the Affective Field: How Smartphone Technology Impacts Ethnographic Research Practice","volume":"19","author":"van Doorn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Qual. Inq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2022.09.008","article-title":"Enabling the informal recycling sector to prevent plastic pollution and deliver an inclusive circular economy","volume":"138","author":"Velis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Sci Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29411","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09571-5","article-title":"Smartphone-based bulky waste classification using convolutional neural networks","volume":"79","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1108\/ER-05-2020-0218","article-title":"The coronavirus pandemic, short-term employment support schemes and undeclared work: some lessons from Europe","volume":"43","author":"Williams","year":"2021","journal-title":"Empl. Relat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.10.155","article-title":"Can intelligent collection integrate informal sector for urban resource recycling in China?","volume":"208","author":"Xue","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1111\/ropr.12386","article-title":"Trade for the Environment: Transboundary Hazardous Waste Movements After the Basel Convention","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Policy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137894","article-title":"Informal recyclers as stakeholders in a circular economy","volume":"415","author":"Zisopoulos","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."}],"container-title":["Waste Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X2500162X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X2500162X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T11:32:34Z","timestamp":1746099154000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956053X2500162X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0956053X2500162X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-053X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-053X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Informal waste collection and municipal waste management in Hungary: A pilot project featuring smartphones to estimate the extent of informally retrieved bulky waste","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Waste Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2025.114757","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114757"}}