{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:28:38Z","timestamp":1793608118056,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,1,1]],"date-time":"2027-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798761600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003141","name":"CONACYT","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["638182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["638182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003141","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Waste Management"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T06:33:12Z","timestamp":1790922792000},"page":"115904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sustainability trade-offs in sludge-to-energy systems: a process-resolved assessment of thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"227","author":[{"given":"Sergio","family":"Rossano-Becerril","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Sleutels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gert-Jan Willem","family":"Euverink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.11.121","article-title":"Life cycle assessment (LCA) of digested sewage sludge incineration for heat and power production","volume":"142","author":"Abu\u015fo\u011flu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2004.05.006","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of a solar thermal collector: sensitivity analysis, energy and environmental balances","volume":"30","author":"Ardente","year":"2005","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2007.07.099","article-title":"Effects of thermal treatments on five different waste activated sludge samples solubilisation, physical properties and anaerobic digestion","volume":"139","author":"Bougrier","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.09.135","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of two emerging sewage sludge-to-energy systems: Evaluating energy and greenhouse gas emissions implications","volume":"127","author":"Cao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su12010266","article-title":"Energy Issues in Sustainable Urban Wastewater Management: Use, Demand Reduction and Recovery in the Urban Water Cycle","volume":"12","author":"Capodaglio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116058","article-title":"The application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to wastewater treatment: A best practice guide and critical review","volume":"184","author":"Corominas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.144451","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge treatment and disposal based on nutrient and energy recovery: A review","volume":"769","author":"Ding","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4699","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.08.019","article-title":"Decreasing activated sludge thermal hydrolysis temperature reduces product colour, without decreasing degradability","volume":"42","author":"Dwyer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0045","unstructured":"EC. 2010. ILCD handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment - Detailed guidance. European Commission - Joint Research Centre - Institute for Environment and Sustainability."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02994190","article-title":"System boundaries and input data in consequential life cycle inventory analysis","volume":"9","author":"Ekvall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0055","unstructured":"eurostat. 2025. Sewage sludge production and disposal from urban wastewater (in dry substance (d.s)), Vol. 2025."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0060","series-title":"THERMFILLY","first-page":"13","author":"Euverink","year":"2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1007\/s11157-023-09675-y","article-title":"Assessing metal contamination and speciation in sewage sludge: implications for soil application and environmental risk","volume":"22","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Sci. Bio\/Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2012.08.023","article-title":"The potential of (waste)water as energy carrier","volume":"65","author":"Frijns","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energ. Conver. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2016.12.007","article-title":"In quest of environmental hotspots of sewage sludge treatment combining anaerobic digestion and mechanical dewatering: A life cycle assessment approach","volume":"143","author":"Gourdet","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115298","article-title":"Sustainable disposal of excess sludge: Incineration without anaerobic digestion","volume":"170","author":"Hao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.06.016","article-title":"Pretreatment of a primary and secondary sludge blend at different thermal hydrolysis temperatures: Impacts on anaerobic digestion, dewatering and filtrate characteristics","volume":"122","author":"Higgins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2023.137227","article-title":"Incorporation of main line impact into life cycle assessment of nutrient recovery from reject water using novel membrane contactor technology","volume":"408","author":"H\u00f6gstrand","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2515","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2016.336","article-title":"Towards a standardization of biomethane potential tests","volume":"74","author":"Holliger","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0100","series-title":"Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"2006"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.2166\/wpt.2024.156","article-title":"Nitrogen recovery from reject water for improved sustainability of wastewater treatment","volume":"19","author":"J\u00f6nsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Water Practice & Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.08.022","article-title":"Dynamics of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide emission during full-scale reject water treatment","volume":"42","author":"Kampschreur","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2017.03.068","article-title":"Environmental and economic life cycle assessment of energy recovery from sewage sludge through different anaerobic digestion pathways","volume":"126","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.122313","article-title":"Rheology improvement in an osmotic membrane bioreactor for waste sludge anaerobic digestion and the implication on agitation energy consumption","volume":"295","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.129056","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of sewage sludge pretreatment for biogas production: From laboratory tests to full-scale applicability","volume":"322","author":"Mainardis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2013.08.024","article-title":"Environmental & economic life cycle assessment of current & future sewage sludge to energy technologies","volume":"34","author":"Mills","year":"2014","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2011.11.016","article-title":"Energy efficiency optimisation of wastewater treatment: Study of ATAD","volume":"38","author":"Rojas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0140","series-title":"Enhancing sludge management efficiency through thermal hydrolysis: A system-wide analysis from biogas production to dewatering","first-page":"208","author":"Rossano-Becerril","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.131153","article-title":"Rheological properties of thermally treated and digested sludge: Implications for energy requirements of pumps and agitators","volume":"408","author":"Rossano-Becerril","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.07.029","article-title":"Total methane emission rates and losses from 23 biogas plants","volume":"97","author":"Scheutz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0155","unstructured":"Sinnott, R., Towler, G. . 2013. Chapters 3, 6, 7, 19. in: Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design, Butterworth Heinemann. New York."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-019-01677-9","article-title":"From the allocation debate to a substitution paradox in waste bioenergy life cycle assessment studies","volume":"25","author":"Tsalidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2013.01.026","article-title":"Comparative LCA of sewage sludge valorisation as both fuel and raw material substitute in clinker production","volume":"51","author":"Valderrama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2019.11.042","article-title":"Substitution modelling in life cycle assessment of municipal solid waste management","volume":"102","author":"Viau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Waste Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.117033","article-title":"Strategies for energy conversion from sludge to methane through pretreatment coupled anaerobic digestion: Potential energy loss or gain","volume":"330","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woods, D.R. 2007. Rules of Thumb in Engineering Practice. in: Rules of Thumb in Engineering Practice.","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527611119"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.042","article-title":"Enhanced dewaterability of sludge during anaerobic digestion with thermal hydrolysis pretreatment: New insights through structure evolution","volume":"131","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2016.11.187","article-title":"Overview of pretreatment strategies for enhancing sewage sludge disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion: Current advances, full-scale application and future perspectives","volume":"69","author":"Zhen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-1481(03)00134-4","article-title":"Heat and energy requirements in thermophilic anaerobic sludge digestion","volume":"28","author":"Zupan\u010di\u010d","year":"2003","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"}],"container-title":["Waste Management"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X2600574X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0956053X2600574X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:58:42Z","timestamp":1793606322000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0956053X2600574X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0956053X2600574X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-053X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-053X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sustainability trade-offs in sludge-to-energy systems: a process-resolved assessment of thermal hydrolysis pre-treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Waste Management","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wasman.2026.115904","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115904"}}