{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:14:02Z","timestamp":1773314042121,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,1]],"date-time":"2014-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1417392000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Texas Tech University Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010422","name":"Whitacre College of Engineering","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010422","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,23]],"date-time":"2014-08-23T02:31:31Z","timestamp":1408761091000},"page":"149-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Bimetallic nickel\u2013iron nanoparticles for groundwater decontamination: Effect of groundwater constituents on surface deactivation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Yanlai","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weile","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1021\/es990884q","article-title":"Pathways and kinetics of chlorinated ethylene and chlorinated acetylene reaction with Fe(O) particles","volume":"34","author":"Arnold","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(99)00021-9","article-title":"Characterization of groundwater humic substances: influence of sedimentary organic carbon","volume":"15","author":"Artinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Geochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib3","series-title":"Standard Potentials in Aqueous Solution","year":"1985"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2010.10.051","article-title":"Resolving surface chemical states in XPS analysis of first row transition metals, oxides and hydroxides: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni","volume":"257","author":"Biesinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/sia.3026","article-title":"X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic chemical state quantification of mixed nickel metal, oxide and hydroxide systems","volume":"41","author":"Biesinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surf. Interface Anal."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2007.06.003","article-title":"Influence of transition metal additives and temperature on the rate of organohalide reduction by granular iron: Implications for reaction mechanisms","volume":"76","author":"Bransfield","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1021\/es204087q","article-title":"Critical review of Pd-based catalytic treatment of priority contaminants in water","volume":"46","author":"Chaplin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1021\/es960602b","article-title":"Electrochemical dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol to phenol","volume":"31","author":"Cheng","year":"1997","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1021\/cm8003613","article-title":"Synthesis of reactive nano-Fe\/Pd bimetallic system-impregnated activated carbon for the simultaneous adsorption and dechlorination of PCBs","volume":"20","author":"Choi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5079","DOI":"10.1021\/es903278e","article-title":"Characterization and reactivity of iron nanoparticles prepared with added Cu, Pd, and Ni","volume":"44","author":"Chun","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6837","DOI":"10.1021\/es060921v","article-title":"Exploring the influence of granular iron additives on 1,1,1-trichloroethane reduction","volume":"40","author":"Cwiertny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.08.014","article-title":"Subsurface transport of orthophosphate in five agricultural watersheds, USA","volume":"409","author":"Domagalski","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hydrol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/es990716y","article-title":"Investigation of the long-term performance of zero-valent iron for reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene","volume":"34","author":"Farrell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1021\/es970784p","article-title":"Reaction of 1,1,1-trichloroethane with zero-valent metals and bimetallic reductants","volume":"32","author":"Fennelly","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2006.01.041","article-title":"New interpretations of XPS spectra of nickel metal and oxides","volume":"600","author":"Grosvenor","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surf. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3314","DOI":"10.1021\/es048743y","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of a new class of starch-stabilized bimetallic nanoparticles for degradation of chlorinated hydrocarbons in water","volume":"39","author":"He","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2009.06.006","article-title":"Pd\/Fe3O4 nano-catalysts for selective dehalogenation in wastewater treatment processes-Influence of water constituents","volume":"91","author":"Hildebrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0900793","article-title":"Nanotechnology and in situ remediation: a review of the benefits and potential risks","volume":"117","author":"Karn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1080\/09593330309385618","article-title":"Dechlorination of chlorinated ethane and acetylenes by palladized iron","volume":"24","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Technol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2010.02.028","article-title":"Pd-catalyzed hydrodechlorination of chlorinated aromatics in contaminated waters-effects of surfactants, organic matter and catalyst protection by silicone coating","volume":"96","author":"Kopinke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2007.07.014","article-title":"Nanoscale Pd\/Fe bimetallic particles: catalytic effects of palladium on hydrodechlorination","volume":"77","author":"Lien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2008.07.050","article-title":"Effects of anions on the kinetics and reactivity of nanoscale Pd\/Fe in trichlorobenzene dechlorination","volume":"73","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4638","DOI":"10.1021\/la060057k","article-title":"Iron nanoparticles: the core-shell structure and unique properties for Ni(II) sequestration","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2006","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7881","DOI":"10.1021\/es0711967","article-title":"Effect of TCE concentration and dissolved groundwater solutes on NUI-Promoted TCE dechlorination and H-2 evolution","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1021\/es980963m","article-title":"Hydrodehalogenation of 1-to 3-carbon halogenated organic compounds in water using a palladium catalyst and hydrogen gas","volume":"33","author":"Lowry","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2005.10.004","article-title":"Hydrodehalogenation of halogenated hydrocarbons in water with Pd catalysts: reaction rates and surface competition","volume":"63","author":"Mackenzie","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(98)00120-9","article-title":"Hydrodechlorination of dichloromethane, trichloroethane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene over a sulfided Ni\/Mo-gamma-alumina catalyst","volume":"20","author":"Martino","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-2670(03)01009-2","article-title":"Applications of surface analysis in the environmental sciences: dehalogenation of chlorocarbons with zero-valent iron and iron-containing mineral surfaces","volume":"496","author":"McGuire","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1021\/es049190u","article-title":"Characterization and properties of metallic iron nanoparticles: spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and kinetics","volume":"39","author":"Nurmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(99)00119-8","article-title":"Hydrodechlorination of aliphatic organochlorinated compounds over commercial hydrogenation catalysts","volume":"25","author":"Ordonez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2010.01.006","article-title":"Minimization of the deactivation of palladium catalysts in the hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene in wastewaters","volume":"95","author":"Ordonez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1021\/es9911420","article-title":"Remediation of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) aqueous solutions using supported, nanoscale zero-valent iron","volume":"34","author":"Ponder","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1021\/es0712120","article-title":"Anaerobic corrosion reaction kinetics of nanosized iron","volume":"42","author":"Reardon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2286","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0777418","article-title":"Aging of iron nanoparticles in aqueous solution: effects on structure and reactivity","volume":"112","author":"Sarathy","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib35","series-title":"Humic Substances in the Environment","author":"Schnitzer","year":"1972"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1021\/cm020737i","article-title":"Hydrodechlorination of trichloroethylene to hydrocarbons using bimetallic nickel-iron nanoparticles","volume":"14","author":"Schrick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2004.03.018","article-title":"Field application of a tailored catalyst for hydrodechlorinating chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants in groundwater","volume":"52","author":"Schuth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib38","series-title":"Aquatic Chemistry Chemical Equilibria and Rates in Natural Waters","author":"Stumm","year":"1995"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9454","DOI":"10.1021\/jp809098z","article-title":"Degradation of trichloroethylene and Dichlorobiphenyls by iron-based bimetallic nanoparticles","volume":"113","author":"Tee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7062","DOI":"10.1021\/ie050086a","article-title":"Role of Ni\/Fe nanoparticle composition on the degradation of trichloroethylene from water","volume":"44","author":"Tee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indust. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(01)00157-1","article-title":"Hydrogenolysis of organohalogen compounds over palladium supported catalysts","volume":"173","author":"Urbano","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. a-Chem."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-005-4273-3","article-title":"Synthesis of nanoscale bimetallic particles in polyelectrolyte membrane matrix for reductive transformation of halogenated organic compounds","volume":"7","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Nanopart. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1021\/ie9903588","article-title":"Subcolloidal Fe\/Ag particles for reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated benzenes","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indust. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.1021\/es100051q","article-title":"Structural evolution of Pd-doped nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) in aqueous media and implications for particle aging and reactivity","volume":"44","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7018","DOI":"10.1021\/es2039695","article-title":"Intraparticle reduction of Arsenite (As(III)) by nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) investigated with in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy","volume":"46","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(98)00067-4","article-title":"Treatment of chlorinated organic contaminants with nanoscale bimetallic particles","volume":"40","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7523","DOI":"10.1021\/es0712625","article-title":"Catalytic reduction of Chlorobenzenes with Pd\/Fe nanoparticles: reactive sites, catalyst stability, particle aging, and regeneration","volume":"41","author":"Zhu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135414005557?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135414005557?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T06:31:44Z","timestamp":1538289104000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135414005557"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0043135414005557"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Bimetallic nickel\u2013iron nanoparticles for groundwater decontamination: Effect of groundwater constituents on surface deactivation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}