{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T01:46:28Z","timestamp":1777513588877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Calleguas Creek Watershed"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T00:39:55Z","timestamp":1424392795000},"page":"83-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial and hydrologic variation of Bacteroidales, adenovirus and enterovirus in a semi-arid, wastewater effluent-impacted watershed"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Dustin G.","family":"Bambic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beverly J.","family":"Kildare-Hann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Veronica B.","family":"Rajal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Belinda S.M.","family":"Sturm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chris B.","family":"Minton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7085-5184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Schriewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3415-6199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Wuertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.05157-11","article-title":"Survival of host-associated Bacteroidales cells and their relationship with Enterococcus spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and adenovirus in freshwater microcosms as measured by propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR","volume":"78","author":"Bae","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2940","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01333-08","article-title":"Discrimination of viable and dead fecal Bacteroidales bacteria by quantitative PCR with propidium monoazide","volume":"75","author":"Bae","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.06.026","article-title":"An analytical model of enterococci inactivation, grazing, and transport in the surf zone of a marine beach","volume":"39","author":"Boehm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6812","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.12.046","article-title":"Performance of forty-one microbial source tracking methods: a twenty-seven lab evaluation study","volume":"47","author":"Boehm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7426","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.11.7426-7433.2005","article-title":"Real-time PCR quantification of human adenoviruses in urban rivers indicates genome prevalence but low infectivity","volume":"71","author":"Choi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ede.0000249425.32990.b9","article-title":"Water quality indicators and the risk of illness at beaches with nonpoint sources of fecal contamination","volume":"18","author":"Colford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5695","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5695-5697.2004","article-title":"Rapid estimation of numbers of fecal Bacteroidetes by use of a quantitative PCR assay for 16S rRNA genes","volume":"70","author":"Dick","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.01.060","article-title":"Evaluation of the repeatability and reproducibility of a suite of qPCR-based microbial source tracking methods","volume":"47","author":"Ebentier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.06.056","article-title":"Fecal source tracking, the indicator paradigm, and managing water quality","volume":"41","author":"Field","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4523","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.8.4523-4530.2005","article-title":"Rapid detection of enteroviruses in small volumes of natural waters by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR","volume":"71","author":"Fuhrman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.69.11.1116","article-title":"Failure of indicator bacteria to reflect the occurrence of enteroviruses in marine waters","volume":"69","author":"Gerba","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.16.1.129-143.2003","article-title":"Pathogenic human viruses in coastal waters","volume":"16","author":"Griffin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin. Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199907000-00004","article-title":"The health effects of swimming in ocean water contaminated by storm drain runoff","volume":"10","author":"Haile","year":"1999","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.04.064","article-title":"Performance of viruses and bacteriophages for fecal source determination in a multi-laboratory, comparative study","volume":"47","author":"Harwood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/1574-6976.12031","article-title":"Microbial source tracking markers for detection of fecal contamination in environmental waters: relationships between pathogens and human health outcomes","volume":"38","author":"Harwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419A","DOI":"10.1021\/es053368a","article-title":"More than obvious: better methods for interpreting nondetect data","volume":"39","author":"Helsel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib22","series-title":"Statistics for Censored Environmental Data Using Minitab and R","author":"Helsel","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.67.1.179-184.2001","article-title":"Human adenoviruses and coliphages in urban runoff-impacted coastal waters of Southern California","volume":"67","author":"Jiang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2004.02269.x","article-title":"PCR detection of pathogenic viruses in southern California urban rivers","volume":"97","author":"Jiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"282","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1958.10501452","article-title":"Nonparametric estimation from incomplete observations","volume":"53","author":"Kaplan","year":"1958","journal-title":"J. Am. Stat. Assoc."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.06.037","article-title":"16S rRNA-based assays for quantitative detection of universal, human-, cow-, and dog-specific fecal Bacteroidales: a Bayesian approach","volume":"41","author":"Kildare","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.08.002","article-title":"Adenovirus-associated health risks for recreational activities in a multi-use coastal watershed based on site-specific quantitative microbial risk assessment","volume":"47","author":"Kundu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.05.060","article-title":"Performance of human fecal anaerobe-associated PCR-based assays in a multi-laboratory method evaluation study","volume":"47","author":"Layton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.06.001","article-title":"Discharge-based QMRA for estimation of public health risks from exposure to stormwater-borne pathogens in recreational waters in the United States","volume":"47","author":"McBride","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib31","series-title":"OECD Workshop Molecular Methods for Safe Drinking Water, 1996","article-title":"Bacteroides spp. as alternative indicator organisms: monitoring through PCR 16S-rRNA amplification","author":"Menaja","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2003.0021","article-title":"Use of viral pathogens and indicators to differentiate between human and non-human fecal contamination in a microbial source tracking comparison study","volume":"1","author":"Noble","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Water Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013121416891","article-title":"Enteroviruses detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction from the coastal waters of Santa Monica Bay, California: low correlation to bacterial indicator levels","volume":"460","author":"Noble","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.2.1604-1612.2006","article-title":"Multitiered approach using quantitative PCR to track sources of fecal pollution affecting Santa Monica Bay, California","volume":"72","author":"Noble","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5633","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.9.5633-5636.2005","article-title":"Comparative inactivation of adenovirus serotypes by UV light disinfection","volume":"71","author":"Nwachuku","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib37","series-title":"Inner Cabrillo Beach Bacterial Water Quality Improvement Project Implementation Plan","author":"POLA","year":"2006"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.03.061","article-title":"Comparison of PCR and quantitative real-time PCR methods for the characterization of ruminant and cattle fecal pollution sources","volume":"47","author":"Raith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.12.034","article-title":"Validation of hollow fiber ultrafiltration and real-time PCR using bacteriophage PP7 as surrogate for the quantification of viruses from water samples","volume":"41","author":"Rajal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.06.002","article-title":"Molecular quantitative analysis of human viruses in California stormwater","volume":"41","author":"Rajal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1021\/es034797g","article-title":"Scaling and management of fecal indicator bacteria in runoff from a coastal urban watershed in southern California","volume":"38","author":"Reeves","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8548","DOI":"10.1021\/es304367t","article-title":"Performance characteristics of qPCR assays targeting human- and ruminant-associated bacteroidetes for microbial source tracking across sixteen countries on six continents","volume":"47","author":"Reischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib44","first-page":"10231","article-title":"A coupled modeling and molecular biology approach to microbial source tracking at Cowell Beach, Santa Cruz, CA, United States","volume":"47","author":"Russell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.06.001","article-title":"Quo vadis source tracking? Towards a strategic framework for environmental monitoring of fecal pollution","volume":"41","author":"Santo Domingo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7776","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02375-12","article-title":"Photoinactivation mechanisms of Enterococcus faecalis in seawater","volume":"78","author":"Sassoubre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6909","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.03.062","article-title":"Performance evaluation of canine-associated Bacteroidales assays in a multi-laboratory comparison study","volume":"47","author":"Schriewer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1021\/es801505p","article-title":"Storm drains are sources of human fecal pollution during dry weather in three urban southern california watersheds","volume":"43","author":"Sercu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01843-07","article-title":"Quantitative PCR for detection and enumeration of genetic markers of bovine fecal pollution","volume":"74","author":"Shanks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5507","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00305-09","article-title":"Quantitative PCR for genetic markers of human fecal pollution","volume":"75","author":"Shanks","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3345","DOI":"10.1021\/es0111129","article-title":"Statistical approaches to estimating mean water quality concentrations with detection limits","volume":"36","author":"Shumway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.02.059","article-title":"Multi-laboratory evaluations of the performance of Catellicoccus marimammalium PCR assays developed to target gull fecal sources","volume":"47","author":"Sinigalliano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.06.049","article-title":"Estimated human health risks from exposure to recreational waters impacted by human and non-human sources of faecal contamination","volume":"44","author":"Soller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02473-06","article-title":"Performance, design, and analysis in microbial source tracking studies","volume":"73","author":"Stoeckel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4435","DOI":"10.1021\/es060701h","article-title":"Flow fingerprinting fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from an urban coastal watershed","volume":"40","author":"Surbeck","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib60","series-title":"Fecal Indicator Bacteria (FIB) Levels During Dry Weather from Southern California Reference Streams","author":"Tiefenthaler","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib61","series-title":"Fact Sheet: Total Maximum Daily Loads","author":"USEPA","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib62","series-title":"Recreational Water Quality Criteria","author":"USEPA","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib64","series-title":"Watershed Coalition","author":"Ventura County","year":"2014"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7158","DOI":"10.1021\/es200984b","article-title":"Swimmer risk of gastrointestinal illness from exposure to tropical coastal waters impacted by terrestrial dry-weather runoff","volume":"45","author":"Viau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8273","article-title":"Rapidly measured indicators of recreational water quality are predictive of swimming-associated gastrointestional illness","volume":"114","author":"Wade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4532","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00038-06","article-title":"Persistence and growth of fecal Bacteroidales assessed by bromodeoxyuridine immunocapture","volume":"72","author":"Walters","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.02.058","article-title":"Enterococcus and Escherichia coli fecal source apportionment with microbial source tracking genetic markers\u2013is it feasible?","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.07.076","article-title":"Estimating true human and animal host source contribution in quantitative microbial source tracking using the Monte Carlo method","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135415000962?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135415000962?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,20]],"date-time":"2019-08-20T23:20:51Z","timestamp":1566343251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135415000962"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0043135415000962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial and hydrologic variation of Bacteroidales, adenovirus and enterovirus in a semi-arid, wastewater effluent-impacted watershed","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2015.02.023","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}