{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:51:03Z","timestamp":1791917463773,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,31]],"date-time":"2017-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485820800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":305,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,1]],"date-time":"2016-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459468800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012462","name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012462","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018621","name":"Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018621","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21261160489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21261160489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51208488"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51208488"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51538011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51538011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,21]],"date-time":"2016-01-21T23:45:25Z","timestamp":1453419925000},"page":"78-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Degradation of refractory pollutants under solar light irradiation by a robust and self-protected ZnO\/CdS\/TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Ai-Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Kang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan-Ni","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5247-6244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib1","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"APHA","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9996","DOI":"10.1021\/ja062087f","article-title":"Efficient non-corrosive electron-transfer mediator mixtures for dye-sensitized solar cells","volume":"128","author":"Cazzanti","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11451","DOI":"10.1021\/es302651q","article-title":"Visible-light responsive photocatalytic fuel cell based on WO3\/W photoanode and Cu2O\/Cu photocathode for simultaneous wastewater treatment and electricity generation","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.02.039","article-title":"Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: a review","volume":"44","author":"Chong","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7200","DOI":"10.1021\/es9038962","article-title":"Solar light-responsive Pt\/CdS\/TiO2 photocatalysts for hydrogen production and simultaneous degradation of inorganic or organic sacrificial agents in wastewater","volume":"44","author":"Daskalaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20481","DOI":"10.1021\/jp904320d","article-title":"An efficient method to form heterojunction CdS\/TiO2 photoelectrodes using highly ordered TiO2 nanotube array films","volume":"113","author":"Gao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/35104607","article-title":"Photoelectrochemical cells","volume":"414","author":"Gr\u00e4tzel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1039\/b907933e","article-title":"Development of alternative photocatalysts to TiO2: challenges and opportunities","volume":"2","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Alonso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2007.06.026","article-title":"Simultaneous hydrogen production and decomposition of H2S dissolved in alkaline water over CdS-TiO2 composite photocatalysts under visible light irradiation","volume":"32","author":"Jang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1149\/1.2133269","article-title":"Semiconductor electrodes: photoelectrochemical behavior of several polycrystalline metal oxide electrodes in aqueous solutions","volume":"124","author":"Kenneth","year":"1977","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2008.07.014","article-title":"Efficient polysulfide electrolyte for CdS quantum dot-sensitized solar cells","volume":"185","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Power Source"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7079","DOI":"10.1021\/es9011993","article-title":"A\u00a0new visible-light photocatalyst: CdS quantum dots embedded mesoporous TiO2","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10878","DOI":"10.1021\/ja2025454","article-title":"Highly efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen production of CdS-cluster-decorated graphene nanosheets","volume":"133","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2009.09.020","article-title":"Free-standing TiO2 nanotube array films sensitized with CdS as highly active solar light-driven photocatalysts","volume":"93","author":"Lin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1039\/B909930A","article-title":"Titania-based photocatalysts-crystal growth, doping and heterostructuring","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mater. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3476","DOI":"10.1021\/j100323a032","article-title":"Photoelectrochemistry of cadmium sulfide. 1. Reanalysis of photocorrosion and flat-band potential","volume":"92","author":"Meissner","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1021\/j100277a024","article-title":"Photochemical hydrogen-production with platinized suspensions of cadmium-sulfide and cadmium zinc-sulfide modified by silver sulfide","volume":"90","author":"Reber","year":"1986","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11215","DOI":"10.1021\/ja027355y","article-title":"Substituted polypyridine complexes of cobalt (II\/III) as efficient electron transfer mediators in dye-sensitized solar cells","volume":"124","author":"Sapp","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-6030(02)00070-9","article-title":"A\u00a0new photocatalytic water splitting system under visible light irradiation mimicking a Z-scheme mechanism in photosynthesis","volume":"148","author":"Sayama","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Photochem. Photobiol. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1039\/b107673f","article-title":"Stoichiometric water splitting into H2 and O2 using a mixture of two different photocatalysts and an IO3\u2212\/I\u2212 shuttle redox mediator under visible light irradiation","volume":"23","author":"Sayama","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200305430","article-title":"Enhanced photoelectrochemistry in CdS\/Au nanoparticle bilayers","volume":"14","author":"Sheeney-Haj-Ichia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6632","DOI":"10.1021\/ja00256a012","article-title":"Photochemistry of semiconductor colloids. 22. Electron ejection from illuminated cadmium sulfide into attached titanium and zinc oxide particles","volume":"109","author":"Spanhel","year":"1987","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14406","DOI":"10.1021\/ja107034z","article-title":"TiO2 nanotube\/CdS hybrid electrodes: extraordinary enhancement in the inactivation of Escherichia coli","volume":"132","author":"Steven","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0777741","article-title":"CdS quantum dots sensitized TiO2 nanotube-array photoelectrodes","volume":"130","author":"Sun","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1734","article-title":"All-solid-state Z-scheme in CdS-Au-TiO2 three-component nanojunction system","volume":"5","author":"Tada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7632","DOI":"10.1021\/ja042192u","article-title":"Mechanisms and applications of plasmon-induced charge separation at TiO2 films loaded with gold nanoparticles","volume":"127","author":"Tian","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13406","DOI":"10.1021\/ja048296m","article-title":"Photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction from aqueous solutions over band structure-controlled (AgIn)xZn2(1\u2212x)S2 solid solution photocatalysts with visible-light response and their surface nanostructures","volume":"126","author":"Tsuji","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2009.08.027","article-title":"Label-free photoelectrochemical immunoassay for \u03b1-fetoprotein detection based on TiO2\/CdS hybrid","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1039\/b904668b","article-title":"Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution by prolonging the lifetime of carriers in ZnO\/CdS heterostructures","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2009.12.091","article-title":"Stable photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water over ZnO-CdS core-shell nanorods","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrogen Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1039\/c0ee00723d","article-title":"Polar interface-induced improvement in high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution over ZnO-CdS heterostructures","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Energy Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1021\/cm000230c","article-title":"A\u00a0highly efficient solar cell made from a dye-modified ZnO-covered TiO2 nanoporous electrode","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcata.2005.08.047","article-title":"Characterization and photocatalytic mechanism of nanosized CdS coupled TiO2 nanocrystals under visible light irradiation","volume":"244","author":"Wu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Catal. A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12619","DOI":"10.1021\/ja1025112","article-title":"Coaxial heterogeneous structure of TiO2 nanotube arrays with CdS as a superthin coating synthesized via modified electrochemical atomic layer deposition","volume":"132","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135416300446?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135416300446?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T01:39:48Z","timestamp":1758591588000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135416300446"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0043135416300446"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Degradation of refractory pollutants under solar light irradiation by a robust and self-protected ZnO\/CdS\/TiO2 hybrid photocatalyst","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2016.01.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}