{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T23:46:55Z","timestamp":1792194415255,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,29]],"date-time":"2018-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1527552000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":270,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"NSF International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["207349"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["207349"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"US EPA","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T11:45:12Z","timestamp":1495712712000},"page":"311-319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Tetraselmis as a challenge organism for validation of ballast water UV systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Zhe","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4561-8635","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"III","given":"Ernest R.","family":"Blatchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(97)00033-7","article-title":"Nucleic acid stains as indicators of Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst viability","volume":"27","author":"Belosevic","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(97)82238-5","article-title":"Numerical modelling of UV intensity: application to collimated-beam reactors and continuous-flow systems","volume":"31","author":"Blatchley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2001.0614","article-title":"Bacterial responses to ultraviolet irradiation","volume":"43","author":"Blatchley","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.04.001","article-title":"Comparative disinfection efficiency of pulsed and continuous-wave UV irradiation technologies","volume":"42","author":"Bohrerova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2003)129:3(209)","article-title":"Standardization of methods for fluence (UV dose) determination in bench-scale UV experiments","volume":"129","author":"Bolton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib6","series-title":"The Role of Shipping in the Introduction of Non-indigenous Organisms to the Coastal Waters of the United States and the Analysis of Control Options","author":"Carlton","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.09.023","article-title":"Effect of UV irradiation (253.7 nm) on free Legionella and Legionella associated with its amoebae hosts","volume":"67","author":"Cervero-Arag\u00f3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib8","first-page":"38","article-title":"UV dose required to achieve incremental log inactivation of bacteria, protozoa and viruses","volume":"8","author":"Chevrefils","year":"2006","journal-title":"IUVA News"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(1999)125:1(7)","article-title":"Integrated UV disinfection model based on particle tracking","volume":"125","author":"Chiu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1002\/aheh.200600650","article-title":"Higher effectiveness of photoinactivation of bacterial spores, UV resistant vegetative bacteria and mold spores with 222 nm compared to 254 nm wavelength","volume":"34","author":"Clau\u00df","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Hydrochim. Hydrobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib11","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"Clesceri","year":"2005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.56.3.387","article-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water","volume":"56","author":"Gilcreas","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health Nat. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib13","series-title":"Ultraviolet Effects on Phytoplankton","author":"H\u00e4der","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib14","first-page":"19","article-title":"Shedding UV light on the Cryptosporidium threat","volume":"63","author":"Hargy","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.10.030","article-title":"Inactivation credit of UV radiation for viruses, bacteria and protozoan (oo) cysts in water: a review","volume":"40","author":"Hijnen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01313484","article-title":"Survey of mycosporine-like amino acid compounds in Antarctic marine organisms: potential protection from ultraviolet exposure","volume":"108","author":"Karentz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocecoaman.2013.02.024","article-title":"Invading European Seas: assessing pathways of introduction of marine aliens","volume":"76","author":"Katsanevakis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ocean Coast. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2005.05.002","article-title":"High resistance of fish pathogenic viruses to UV irradiation and ozonated seawater","volume":"34","author":"Liltved","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aquac. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12415","article-title":"Classification of phytoplankton cells as live or dead using the vital stains fluorescein diacetate and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate","volume":"52","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib20","first-page":"23","article-title":"Guidelines for approval of ballast water management systems (G8)","volume":"58","author":"Marine Environment Protection Committee","year":"2008","journal-title":"MEPC"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.02.003","article-title":"Continuous-flow solar UVB disinfection reactor for drinking water","volume":"46","author":"Mbonimpa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/17.1.183","article-title":"The numerical interpretation of fermentation-tube results","author":"McCrady","year":"1915","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.07.053","article-title":"Solar water disinfection (SODIS): a review from bench-top to roof-top","volume":"235","author":"McGuigan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13393","DOI":"10.1021\/es303652q","article-title":"Ultraviolet disinfection of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance genes in water and wastewater","volume":"46","author":"McKinney","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-011-0016-9","article-title":"Revealing the scale of marine bioinvasions in developing regions: a South African re-assessment","volume":"13","author":"Mead","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1007\/s004380000383","article-title":"DNA photolyase homologs are the major UV resistance factors in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803","volume":"264","author":"Ng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol. General Genet. MGG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib27","series-title":"Ultraviolet Disinfection: Guidelines for Drinking Water and Reuse","author":"National Water Research Institute, N.W.R.I","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.05.012","article-title":"Flow cytometric applicability to evaluate UV inactivation of phytoplankton in marine water samples","volume":"96","author":"Olsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2015.12.008","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation as a ballast water treatment technology: inactivation of phytoplankton measured with flow cytometry","volume":"101","author":"Olsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2011.07.062","article-title":"Inactivation and degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by UV-C irradiation","volume":"85","author":"Ou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.12.025","article-title":"Immediate and long-term impacts of UV-C irradiation on photosynthetic capacity, survival and microcystin-LR release risk of Microcystis aeruginosa","volume":"46","author":"Ou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2011.362","article-title":"Effect of photoreactivation on ultraviolet inactivation of Microcystis aeruginosa","volume":"63","author":"Sakai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6306","DOI":"10.1021\/es400660g","article-title":"Effects of UV radiation on the lipids and proteins of bacteria studied by mid-infrared spectroscopy","volume":"47","author":"Santos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib34","first-page":"27","article-title":"UV drinking water disinfection\u2013requirements, testing and surveillance: exemplified by the austrian national standards M 5873-1 and M 5873-2","volume":"6","author":"Sommer","year":"2004","journal-title":"IUVA News"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2012.01.028","article-title":"Ecosystem under pressure: ballast water discharge into galveston Bay, Texas (USA) from 2005 to 2010","volume":"64","author":"Steichen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mar. Pollut. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1002\/jctb.2276","article-title":"Technologies for ballast water treatment: a review","volume":"85","author":"Tsolaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Technol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib37","series-title":"Ultraviolet Disinfection Guidance Manual for the Final Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule","author":"USEPA","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2015.01.007","article-title":"Seawater reverse osmosis desalination and (harmful) algal blooms","volume":"360","author":"Villacorte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00153-10","article-title":"Determining UV inactivation of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by using cell culture and a mouse bioassay","volume":"76","author":"Ware","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052_bib40","series-title":"Coliphage MS-2 as a UV Water Disinfection Efficacy Test Surrogate for Bacterial and Viral Pathogens","author":"Wilson","year":"1992"}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135417304165?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135417304165?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T01:43:31Z","timestamp":1758591811000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135417304165"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0043135417304165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Tetraselmis as a challenge organism for validation of ballast water UV systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}