{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:18:25Z","timestamp":1778858305533,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,30]],"date-time":"2018-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538265600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,1]],"date-time":"2017-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512086400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014032","name":"Environmental Security Technology Certification Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ER-200829"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ER-200829"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,23]],"date-time":"2017-09-23T07:33:18Z","timestamp":1506151998000},"page":"361-371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biological treatment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrodimethylamine (NTDMA) in a field-scale fluidized bed bioreactor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Paul B.","family":"Hatzinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Celeste","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd S.","family":"Webster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib1","series-title":"Announcement of Publication of the Final Public Health Goal for N-Nitrosodimethylamine and Cadmium in Drinking Water","author":"OEHHA","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2009.02.014","article-title":"A\u00a0nationwide survey of NDMA in raw and drinking water in Japan","volume":"407","author":"Asami","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2015.02.080","article-title":"Removal of N-nitrosamines in a membrane bioreactor and nanofiltration hybrid system for municipal wastewater reclamation: process efficiency and mechanisms","volume":"190","author":"Chon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.07.016","article-title":"Bio-reduction of N-nitrosodimethylamine using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor","volume":"70","author":"Chung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6693","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01535-06","article-title":"Biotransformation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by Pseudomonas mendocina KR1","volume":"72","author":"Fournier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5088","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00418-09","article-title":"Aerobic biodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by the propanotroph Rhodococcus ruber ENV425","volume":"75","author":"Fournier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib7","series-title":"Environmental Challenges for the Next Decade. Partners in Environmental Technology Technical Symposium and Workshop","first-page":"37","article-title":"Treatment of perchlorate and other contaminants to produce drinking water. Technical Abstract","author":"Girard","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3894(99)00175-2","article-title":"Attenuation mechanisms of n-nitrosodimethylamine at an operating intercept and treat groundwater remediation system","volume":"73","author":"Gunnison","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard. Mater. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.121.1.272-285.1975","article-title":"Metabolic function and properties of 4-hydrophenylacetic acid 1-hydrolase from Pseudomonas acidovorans","volume":"121","author":"Hareland","year":"1975","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Bacteriol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239A","DOI":"10.1021\/es053280x","article-title":"Perchlorate biodegradation for water treatment","volume":"39","author":"Hatzinger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib11","series-title":"ESTCP Cost and Performance Report. Project ER-200829, Treatment of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in Groundwater Using a Fluidized Bed Bioreactor","author":"Hatzinger","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib12","series-title":"Case Studies in the Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds","first-page":"115","article-title":"Biological treatment of perchlorate-contaminated groundwater using fluidized bed reactors","author":"Hatzinger","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.07.056","article-title":"Aerobic treatment of N-nitrosodimethylamine in a propane-fed membrane bioreactor","volume":"45","author":"Hatzinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7388","DOI":"10.1021\/es401129u","article-title":"Differential microbial transformation on nitrosamines by an inducible propane monooxygenase","volume":"47","author":"Homme","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.2175\/193864705783977385","article-title":"Fate of NDMA in tertiary water reclamation plants","volume":"2005","author":"Huitric","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Water Environ. Fed. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/S0723-2020(11)80429-7","article-title":"Physiological and chemotaxonomic characterization of filamentous bacteria belonging to the genus Haliscomenobacter","volume":"18","author":"Kampfer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Syst. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.06.048","article-title":"Occurrence and removal of N-nitrosamines in wastewater treatment plants","volume":"17","author":"Krauss","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(94)90287-9","article-title":"Oxidation of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in aqueous solution with air and hydrogen peroxide","volume":"29","author":"Lunn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.2175\/193864704784148169","article-title":"Comparison of two membrane bioreactors and an activated sludge plant with dual-media filtration: nutrient and priority pollutant removals","author":"Mansell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc. Water Environ. Fed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7411","DOI":"10.2175\/193864705783858585","article-title":"Evaluation of removals of NDMA, hormones, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in a membrane bioreactor","author":"Mansell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Water Environ. Fed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1435","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/64.6.1435","article-title":"Study of the carcinogenicity of large doses of dimethylnitramine, N-nitroso-L-proline, and sodium nitrite administered in drinking water to rats","volume":"64","author":"Mirvish","year":"1980","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.2166\/ws.2002.0102","article-title":"Factors controlling nitrosamine formation during wastewater chlorination","volume":"2","author":"Mitch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1089\/109287503768335896","article-title":"N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) as a drinking water contaminant: a review","volume":"20","author":"Mitch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-013-0222-3","article-title":"Pyrosequencing analysis of the bacterial community in drinking water wells","volume":"66","author":"Novarro-Noya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.2175\/106143005X41591","article-title":"Sources and fate of nitrosodimethylamine and its precursors in municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"77","author":"Sedlak","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.20405","article-title":"Aerobic biodegradation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) by axenic bacterial strains","volume":"89","author":"Sharp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6930","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01697-07","article-title":"An inducible propane monooxygenase is responsible for N-nitrosodimethylamine degradation by Rhodococcus sp. strain RHA1","volume":"73","author":"Sharp","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.22899","article-title":"Functional characterization of propane-enhanced N-nitrosodimethylamine degradation by two actinomycetales","volume":"107","author":"Sharp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.2.796-804.2003","article-title":"Characterization of the initial reactions during cometabolic oxidation of methyl tert-butyl ether by propane-grown Mycobacterium vaccae JOB5","volume":"69","author":"Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2675(200205)85:5<1416::AID-HLCA1416>3.0.CO;2-I","article-title":"UV direct photolysis of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA): kinetic and product study","volume":"85","author":"Stefan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Helv. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1994.0774","article-title":"Activated carbon based biological fluidized beds for contaminated water and wastewater treatment: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"29","author":"Sutton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1021\/es00119a011","article-title":"Atmospheric reactions of N-nitrosodimethylamnine and dimethylnitramine","volume":"18","author":"Tuazon","year":"1984","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib33","series-title":"N-nitrosodimethylamine (CASRN 62-75-9). Integrated Risk Information Service (IRIS) Substance File","author":"USEPA","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib34","series-title":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development. Nitrogen Control Manual","author":"USEPA","year":"1993"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib35","first-page":"9628","article-title":"Drinking water contaminant candidate list 3\u2014draft notice","volume":"73","author":"USEPA","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2960","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.55.11.2960-2964.1989","article-title":"Survey of microbial oxygenases: trichloroethylene degradation by propane-oxidizing bacteria","volume":"55","author":"Wackett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.03.133","article-title":"Characterization of the microbial community structure and nitrosamine-reducing isolates in drinking water filters","volume":"521\u2013522","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2009.tb09896.x","article-title":"Fluidized bed bioreactor treatment of perchlorate-laden groundwater to potable standards","volume":"101","author":"Webster","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.11.011","article-title":"Ex Situ Treatment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in groundwater using a fluidized bed reactor","volume":"47","author":"Webster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1080\/10889868.2012.665961","article-title":"Aerobic biotransformation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrodimethylamine by benzene-, butane-, methane-, propane, and toluene-fed cultures","volume":"16","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biorem J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib41","first-page":"1","article-title":"Aerobic biotransformation of N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrodimethylamine in methane and benzene amended soil columns","volume":"196","author":"Weidhaas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Contam. Hydrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2013.01.057","article-title":"Removal of n-nitrosamines by an aerobic membrane bioreactor","volume":"141","author":"Wijekoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2010.08.006","article-title":"Members of soil bacterial communities sensitive to tillage and crop rotation","volume":"12","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Soil Biol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4857","DOI":"10.1021\/es7031423","article-title":"Formation of N-nitrosamines in eleven disinfection treatments of seven different source waters","volume":"42","author":"Zhao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135417307947?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135417307947?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T01:44:43Z","timestamp":1758591883000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135417307947"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S0043135417307947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biological treatment of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrodimethylamine (NTDMA) in a field-scale fluidized bed bioreactor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.040","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}