{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T23:57:39Z","timestamp":1793750259134,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,1]],"date-time":"2018-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533081600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Basic Research Program of China","award":["2017YFA0207001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFA0207001"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China","award":["BK20170050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20170050"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41671478"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41671478"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41773125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41773125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YZ201638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YZ201638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,31]],"date-time":"2018-03-31T06:57:10Z","timestamp":1522479430000},"page":"66-73","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":245,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Contribution of alcohol radicals to contaminant degradation in quenching studies of persulfate activation process"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Changyin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengxiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dionysios D.","family":"Dionysiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0363-9945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3837-6279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guodong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5864","DOI":"10.1021\/es400728c","article-title":"Mechanism of persulfate activation by phenols","volume":"47","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3705","DOI":"10.1021\/es035121o","article-title":"Radical generation by the interaction of transition metals with common oxidants","volume":"38","author":"Anipsitakis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1021\/jp973113m","article-title":"Photoeffects on the reduction of carbon tetrachloride by zero-valent iron","volume":"102","author":"Balko","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.020","article-title":"Graphene: a new activator of sodium persulfate for the advanced oxidation of parabens in water","volume":"126","author":"Bekris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1021\/es9902120","article-title":"Acetone-photosensitized reduction of carbon tetrachloride by 2-propanol in aqueous solution","volume":"34","author":"Betterton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.10.138","article-title":"Insight into reactive oxygen species in persulfate activation with copper oxide: activated persulfate and trace radicals","volume":"313","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2017.04.038","article-title":"Metal-free activation of persulfate by cubic mesoporous carbons for catalytic oxidation via radical and nonradical processes","volume":"307","author":"Duan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4605","DOI":"10.1021\/es400262n","article-title":"Activation of persulfate by quinones: free radical reactions and implication for the degradation of PCBs","volume":"47","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5645","DOI":"10.1021\/es5061512","article-title":"Manipulation of persistent free radicals in biochar to activate persulfate for contaminant degradation","volume":"49","author":"Fang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.04.092","article-title":"Homogenous activation of persulfate by different species of vanadium ions for PCBs degradation","volume":"323","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2016.09.006","article-title":"Activation of persulfate with vanadium species for PCBs degradation: a mechanistic study","volume":"202","author":"Fang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2012.09.042","article-title":"Superoxide radical driving the activation of persulfate by magnetite nanoparticles: implications for the degradation of PCBs","volume":"129","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2012.07.047","article-title":"Transformation of polychlorinated biphenyls by persulfate at ambient temperature","volume":"90","author":"Fang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6423","DOI":"10.1021\/es1013714","article-title":"Mechanism of base activation of persulfate","volume":"44","author":"Furman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.05.076","article-title":"Mineralization of CCl4 by the UVC-photolysis of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of methanol","volume":"69","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2016.08.019","article-title":"Carbon dioxide radical anion-based UV\/S2O82\u2212\/HCOOH reductive process for carbon tetrachloride degradation in aqueous solution","volume":"172","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3457","DOI":"10.1021\/es960091t","article-title":"Reduction of perchloroalkanes by ferrioxalate-generated carboxylate radical preceding mineralization by the photo-Fenton reaction","volume":"30","author":"Huston","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.09.005","article-title":"Thermo activated persulfate oxidation of antibiotic sulfamethoxazole and structurally related compounds","volume":"87","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9350","DOI":"10.1021\/es8019462","article-title":"Persulfate persistence under thermal activation conditions","volume":"42","author":"Johnson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10134","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02079","article-title":"Activation of persulfates by graphitized nanodiamonds for removal of organic compounds","volume":"50","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5558","DOI":"10.1021\/ie9002848","article-title":"Identification of sulfate and hydroxyl radicals in thermally activated persulfate","volume":"48","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2010.12.027","article-title":"Feasibility study of ultraviolet activated persulfate oxidation of phenol","volume":"82","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10330","DOI":"10.1021\/es502056d","article-title":"In situ chemical oxidation of contaminated groundwater by persulfate: decomposition by Fe (III)-and Mn (IV)-containing oxides and aquifer materials","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04815","article-title":"Oxidation of benzene by persulfate in the presence of Fe (III)-and Mn (IV)-containing oxides: stoichiometric efficiency and transformation products","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.05.130","article-title":"Trichloroacetic acid reduction by an advanced reduction process based on carboxyl anion radical","volume":"303","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2009.02.038","article-title":"Thermally activated peroxydisulfate in the presence of additives: a clean method for the degradation of pollutants","volume":"75","author":"Mora","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2012.11.007","article-title":"Comparison of sulfate and hydroxyl radical based advanced oxidation of phenol","volume":"224","author":"Olmez-Hanci","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7827","DOI":"10.1021\/es101959y","article-title":"Kinetics of UV\u2212H2O2 advanced oxidation in the presence of alcohols: the role of carbon centered radicals","volume":"44","author":"Popov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1021\/j100338a079","article-title":"Reduction potentials of CO2- and the alcohol radicals","volume":"93","author":"Schwarz","year":"1989","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.065","article-title":"Degradation of highly consumed fluoroquinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins in distilled water and simulated hospital wastewater by UV 254 and UV 254\/persulfate processes","volume":"122","author":"Serna-Galvis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.11.103","article-title":"Synergetic degradation of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye by DBD plasma and persulfate","volume":"311","author":"Shang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib32","first-page":"165","article-title":"The OH radical-induced chain reactions of methanol with hydrogen peroxide and with peroxodisulfate","volume":"2","author":"Sonntag","year":"1999","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380802039303","article-title":"Situ chemical oxidation of contaminated soil and groundwater using persulfate: a review","volume":"40","author":"Tsitonaki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3410","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05392","article-title":"Kinetics and mechanism of ultrasonic activation of persulfate: an in situ EPR spin trapping study","volume":"51","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.01.052","article-title":"Activation of persulfates by natural magnetic pyrrhotite for water disinfection: efficiency, mechanisms, and stability","volume":"112","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.11.029","article-title":"Removal of 2-MIB and geosmin using UV\/persulfate: contributions of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals","volume":"69","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.10.103","article-title":"Biochar supported nanoscale zerovalent iron composite used as persulfate activator for removing trichloroethylene","volume":"175","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.03.054","article-title":"Degradation of sulfamethoxazole by UV, UV\/H2O2 and UV\/persulfate (PDS): formation of oxidation products and effect of bicarbonate","volume":"118","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.11.049","article-title":"Effect of matrix components on UV\/H2O2 and UV\/S2O82\u2212 advanced oxidation processes for trace organic degradation in reverse osmosis brines from municipal wastewater reuse facilities","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2016.09.104","article-title":"Efficient pyrite activating persulfate process for degradation of p-chloroaniline in aqueous systems: a mechanistic study","volume":"308","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2016.05.040","article-title":"Efficient transformation of DDTs with persulfate activation by zero-valent iron nanoparticles: a mechanistic study","volume":"316","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(17)60342-4","article-title":"Comparison of persulfate activation and Fenton reaction in remediating an organophosphorus pesticides-polluted soil","volume":"27","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.04.066","article-title":"Oxidation of benzoic acid by heat-activated persulfate: effect of temperature on transformation pathway and product distribution","volume":"120","author":"Zrinyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135418302653?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135418302653?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,5]],"date-time":"2019-12-05T08:21:00Z","timestamp":1575534060000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135418302653"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0043135418302653"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Contribution of alcohol radicals to contaminant degradation in quenching studies of persulfate activation process","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.03.069","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}