{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:18:11Z","timestamp":1777591091325,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551398400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,30]],"date-time":"2018-11-30T13:33:38Z","timestamp":1543584818000},"page":"423-438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Do reductions in agricultural field drainage during the growing season impact bacterial densities and loads in small tile-fed watersheds?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"151","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Wilkes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.D.","family":"Sunohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8273-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Topp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Gottschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Craiovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.K.","family":"Frey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.R.","family":"Lapen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1071\/SR00086","article-title":"Leaching of bacterial indicators of faecal contamination through four New Zealand soils","volume":"39","author":"Aislabie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soil Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib2","series-title":"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater","author":"A.P.H.A.","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2004.00690.x","article-title":"Soil macropores and compaction control the leaching potential of Escherichia coli O157: H7","volume":"7","author":"Artz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2011.10.020","article-title":"Phosphorus and sediment loading to surface waters from liquid swine manure application under different drainage and tillage practices","volume":"104","author":"Ball-Coelho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2010.022","article-title":"Faecal indicator bacteria in river biofilms","volume":"61","author":"Balzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib6","first-page":"987","article-title":"Modeling bacteria fate and transport in watersheds to support TMDLs","volume":"49","author":"Benham","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE (Am. Soc. Agric. Biol. Eng.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2004.0194","article-title":"Multivariate analysis of paired watershed data to evaluate agricultural best management practice effects on stream water phosphorus","volume":"34","author":"Bishop","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoser.2015.01.004","article-title":"The multiscale integrated model of ecosystem services (MIMES): simulating the interactions of coupled human and natural systems","volume":"12","author":"Boumans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ecosys. Serv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1890\/09-0627.1","article-title":"US Department of Agriculture conservation program and practice effects on wetland ecosystem services: a synthesis","volume":"21","author":"Brinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib2a","first-page":"191","article-title":"A\u00a0long-term study comparing membrane filtration with Colilert\u00ae defined substrates in detecting fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli in natural waters","volume":"80","author":"Buckalew","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.2012.00343.x","article-title":"The impact of cattle farming best management practices on surface water nutrient concentrations, faecal bacteria and algal dominance in the Lake Oconee watershed","volume":"27","author":"Burt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Environ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.04.064","article-title":"Modeling fate and transport of fecally-derived microorganisms at the watershed scale: state of the science and future opportunities","volume":"100","author":"Cho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wre.2013.09.001","article-title":"Financial comparison of seven nitrate reduction strategies for Midwestern agricultural drainage","volume":"2\u20133","author":"Christianson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Resour. Econ."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3300","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.9900","article-title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial contamination in South France coastal rivers: focus on in-stream processes during low flows and floods","volume":"28","author":"Chu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2009.08.017","article-title":"Development of a pathogen transport model for Irish catchments using SWAT","volume":"97","author":"Coffey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/10807039.2012.701983","article-title":"Modeling of pathogen indicator organisms in a small-scale agricultural catchment using SWAT","volume":"19","author":"Coffey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.2166\/wcc.2015.049","article-title":"Modeling the impacts of climate change and future land use variation on microbial transport","volume":"6","author":"Coffey","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Water Clim. Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib17","first-page":"495","article-title":"Bacteria and nutrient transport to tile lines shortly after application of large volumes of liquid swine manure","volume":"44","author":"Cook","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE (Am. Soc. Agric. Eng.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib18","series-title":"A\u00a0Process for Addressing Impaired Waters in California State of California S.B. 469 TMDL Guidance","author":"CSWRCB (California State Water Resources Control Board)","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.still.2005.09.004","article-title":"Combined effects of best management practices on water quality in oxbow lakes from agricultural watersheds","volume":"90","author":"Cullum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soil Tillage Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecocom.2009.10.006","article-title":"Challenges in integrating the concept of ecosystem services and values in landscape planning, management and decision making","volume":"7","author":"De Groot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecol. Complex."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-008-9186-3","article-title":"Landscape planning for agricultural nonpoint source pollution reduction I: a geographical allocation framework","volume":"42","author":"Diebel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4746","DOI":"10.1021\/es060426z","article-title":"Hydrologic modeling of pathogen fate and transport","volume":"40","author":"Dorner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrjc.2015.047","article-title":"Incentives and disincentives identified by producers and drainage contractors\/experts on the adoption of controlled tile drainage in eastern Ontario, Canada","volume":"51","author":"Dring","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Qual. Res. J. Can."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1996.00472425002500020016x","article-title":"Influence of controlled drainage-subirrigation on surface and tile drainage nitrate loss","volume":"25","author":"Drury","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib25","series-title":"Regional Freshwater Quality in Canadian Rivers. Data","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3079","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.8.3079-3083.1998","volume":"64","author":"Eckner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2010.0253","article-title":"Investigation of an Escherichia coli environmental benchmark for waterborne pathogens in agricultural watersheds in Canada","volume":"41","author":"Edge","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib28","series-title":"Recommended Binational Phosphorus Targets Recommended Binational Phosphorus Targets to Combat Lake Erie Algal Blooms","author":"E.P.A","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(96)00079-6","article-title":"Relationships between indicators, pathogens and water quality in an estuarine system","volume":"30","author":"Ferguson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2012.0261","article-title":"Tile drainage management influences on surface-water and groundwater quality following liquid manure application","volume":"42","author":"Frey","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.08.010","article-title":"Using SWAT, Bacteroidales microbial source tracking markers, and fecal indicator bacteria to predict waterborne pathogen occurrence in an agricultural watershed","volume":"47","author":"Frey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2015.03.114","article-title":"Quantitative Campylobacter spp., antibiotic resistance genes, and veterinary antibiotics in surface and ground water following manure application: influence of tile drainage control","volume":"532","author":"Frey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.02.011","article-title":"Survival of manure-borne E.\u00a0coli in streambed sediment: effects of temperature and sediment properties","volume":"44","author":"Garzio-Hadzick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.2166\/wp.2012.166","article-title":"Climate co-benefits of water quality trading in the Chesapeake Bay watershed","volume":"14","author":"Gasper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Pol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.2489\/jswc.67.6.465","article-title":"Crop yield evaluation under controlled drainage in Ohio, United States","volume":"67","author":"Ghane","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Soil Water Conserv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1979.00472425000800010030x","article-title":"Drainage control to diminish nitrate loss from agricultural fields","volume":"8","author":"Gilliam","year":"1979","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib37","series-title":"FoodNet Canada Biennial Report, 2011-2012","author":"Government of Canada","year":"2016"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1021\/es303459h","article-title":"Environmental and economic trade-offs in a watershed when using corn stover for bioenergy","volume":"47","author":"Gramig","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib39","series-title":"ISCO Open Channel Flow Measurement Handbook","author":"Grant","year":"2001"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4535","DOI":"10.1002\/2014WR015497","article-title":"Ecosystem services: challenges and opportunities for hydrologic modeling to support decision making","volume":"50","author":"Guswa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Resour. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3548-x","article-title":"An ecological function and services approach to total maximum daily load (TMDL) prioritization","volume":"186","author":"Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib42","first-page":"1833","article-title":"Effects of agricultural management, land use, and watershed scale on E.\u00a0coli concentrations in runoff and streamflow","volume":"53","author":"Harmel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE (Am. Soc. Agric. Biol. Eng.)"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000107","article-title":"Indicator bacteria removal in storm-water best management practices in Charlotte, North Carolina","volume":"135","author":"Hathaway","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Eng."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.04.014","article-title":"Variability of fecal indicator bacteria in flowing and ponded waters in southern California: implications for bacterial TMDL development and implementation","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib45","series-title":"Guidelines for Canadian Recreational Water Quality","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2000.00472425002900010020x","article-title":"A\u00a0conceptual approach for integrating phosphorus and nitrogen management at watershed scales","volume":"29","author":"Heathwaite","year":"2000","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib47","first-page":"60","article-title":"Effects of tillage and poultry manure application rates on Salmonella and fecal indicator bacteria concentrations in tiles draining Des Moines Lobe soils","volume":"171","author":"Hruby","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib48","series-title":"Estimating Cumulative Wastewater Treatment Plant Discharge Influences on Acesulfame and Escherichia Coli Levels With a Fully Integrated Hydrologic Model","author":"Hwang","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib49","series-title":"Quanti-Tray\u00ae\/2000 Complete MPN Table\u00a0with 95% Confidence Limits. IDEXX Laboratories","author":"IDEXX","year":"2017"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-1688.2002.tb00999.x","article-title":"A\u00a0long-term, watershed-scale, evaluation of the impacts of animal waste BMPs on indicator bacteria concentrations","volume":"38","author":"Inamdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAWRA J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.23.101","article-title":"Escherichia coli in the environment: implications for water quality and human health","volume":"23","author":"Ishii","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2008.10.006","article-title":"A\u00a0review of the efficacy of contemporary agricultural stewardship measures for ameliorating water pollution problems of key concern to the UK water industry","volume":"99","author":"Kay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agric. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.09.001","article-title":"Are fecal indicator bacteria appropriate measures of recreational water risks in the tropics: a cohort study of beach goers in Brazil?","volume":"87","author":"Lamparelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2006.0486","article-title":"Effect of liquid municipal biosolid application method on tile and ground water quality","volume":"37","author":"Lapen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74626-7","article-title":"Livestock drinking water microbiology and the factors influencing the quality of drinking water offered to cattle","volume":"84","author":"LeJeune","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Dairy Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.2112\/JCOASTRES-D-15-00195.1","article-title":"Significant reduction of fecal bacteria and suspended solids loading by coastal best management practices","volume":"32","author":"Mallin","year":"2016","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Coast Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2013.08.016","article-title":"Assessment of a new Bacteroidales marker targeting North American beaver (Castor canadensis) fecal pollution by real-time PCR","volume":"95","author":"Marti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Microbiol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib58","series-title":"Ontario Federation of Agriculture | News: Ecological Goods and Services Give More Carrot, Less Stick","author":"McCabe","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1998.00472425002700010013x","article-title":"Fecal coliform transport through intact soil blocks amended with poultry manure","volume":"27","author":"McMurry","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1996.0505","article-title":"Watershed-scale response to agricultural diffuse pollution control programs in Vermont, USA","volume":"33","author":"Meals","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib61","series-title":"imputeTS: Time Series Missing Value Imputation. R Package Version 1.8","author":"Moritz","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2008.05.006","article-title":"Applicability of targeting vegetative filter strips to abate fecal bacteria and sediment yield using SWAT","volume":"95","author":"Parajuli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(84)90059-9","article-title":"Bacterial quality of tile drainage water from manured and fertilized cropland","volume":"18","author":"Patni","year":"1984","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib64","series-title":"Statistical Methods Commonly Used in Water Quality Data Analysis. WSDG Tech. Pap. WSDG-TP-00001","author":"Ponce","year":"1980"},{"issue":"1554","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2010.0143","article-title":"Ecosystem services and agriculture: tradeoffs and synergies","volume":"365","author":"Power","year":"2010","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/1752-1688.12293","article-title":"Agricultural BMP effectiveness and dominant hydrological flow paths: concepts and a review","volume":"51","author":"Rittenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAWRA J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1139\/w2012-038","article-title":"Bacterial contamination of tile drainage water and shallow groundwater under different application methods of liquid swine manure","volume":"58","author":"Samarajeewa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9770","article-title":"Antibiotic-resistant enterococci and fecal indicators in surface water and groundwater impacted by a concentrated swine feeding operation","author":"Sapkota","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.03.028","article-title":"Relationships between Bacteroides 16S rRNA genetic markers and presence of bacterial enteric pathogens and conventional fecal indicators","volume":"41","author":"Savichtcheva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.02.002","article-title":"Using Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli data and Bayesian microbial risk assessment to examine public health risks in agricultural watersheds under tile drainage management","volume":"47","author":"Schmidt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075956","article-title":"Capturing ecosystem services, stakeholders' preferences and trade-offs in coastal aquaculture decisions: a Bayesian belief network application","volume":"8","author":"Schmitt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167A","DOI":"10.2489\/jswc.67.6.167A","article-title":"Drainage water management","volume":"67","author":"Skaggs","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Soil Water Conserv."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq1972.00472425000100030023x","article-title":"Microbiological quality of subsurface drainage water from irrigated agricultural land","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"1972","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2009.04.021","article-title":"Review of greenhouse gas emissions from crop production systems and fertilizer management effects","volume":"133","author":"Snyder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Agric. Ecosyst. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib75","first-page":"60","article-title":"Wildlife identified as major source of Escherichia coli in agriculturally dominated watersheds by BOX A1R-derived genetic fingerprints","volume":"82","author":"Somarelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(2001)127:3(144)","article-title":"Determining urban storm water BMP effectiveness","volume":"127","author":"Strecker","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Water Resour. Plann. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2013.04.0117","article-title":"Comprehensive nitrogen budgets for controlled tile drainage fields in eastern Ontario, Canada","volume":"43","author":"Sunohara","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2015.01.0008","article-title":"Long-term observations of nitrogen and phosphorus export in paired-agricultural watersheds under controlled and conventional tile drainage","volume":"44","author":"Sunohara","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2016.08.030","article-title":"Controlling tile drainage during the growing season in Eastern Canada to reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacteria loading to surface water","volume":"178","author":"Sunohara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib80","series-title":"National Water Quality Handbook: Part 615. Analysis of Water Quality Monitoring Data","author":"USDA-NRCS","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib81","series-title":"Paired Watershed Study Design","author":"USEPA","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib82","series-title":"United States Environmental Protection Agency | US EPA. Office of Water 820-F-12-058: Recreational Water Quality Criteria","author":"USEPA","year":"2012"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01621-06","article-title":"Distribution and ecology of campylobacters in coastal plainstreams (Georgia, United States of America)","volume":"73","author":"Vereen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00243.x","article-title":"Fate of Escherichia coli and Escherichia coli O157 in soils and drainage water following cattle slurry application at 3 sites in southern Scotland","volume":"18","author":"Vinten","year":"2002","journal-title":"Soil Use Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.04.036","article-title":"Explaining and modeling the concentration and loading of Escherichia coli in a stream-A case study","volume":"635","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2006.07.005","article-title":"Effects of controlled drainage on N and P losses and N dynamics in loamy sand with spring crops","volume":"87","author":"Wesstr\u00f6m","year":"2007","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib87","series-title":"Soil Survey of Russell and Prescott Counties. Report No. 33 of the Ontario Soil Survey. Research Branch","author":"Wicklund","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.01.033","article-title":"Seasonal relationships among indicator bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, and hydrological indices for surface waters within an agricultural landscape","volume":"43","author":"Wilkes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.06.021","article-title":"Associations among pathogenic bacteria, parasites, and environmental and land use factors in multiple mixed-use watersheds","volume":"45","author":"Wilkes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01626-13","article-title":"Coherence among different microbial source tracking markers in a small agricultural stream with and without livestock exclusion practices","volume":"79","author":"Wilkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.07.041","article-title":"Bacteria, viruses, and parasites in an intermittent stream protected from and exposed to pasturing cattle: prevalence, densities, and quantitative microbial risk assessment","volume":"47","author":"Wilkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3708","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00254-14","article-title":"Long-term monitoring of waterborne pathogens and microbial source tracking markers in paired agricultural watersheds under controlled and conventional tile drainage management","volume":"80","author":"Wilkes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02986294","article-title":"Research perspective on nitrogen BMP development for potato","volume":"84","author":"Zebarth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Potato Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.19716","article-title":"BSLC: a tool for bacteria source characterization for watershed management","volume":"21","author":"Zeckoski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Eng. Agric."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135418310030?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135418310030?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,16]],"date-time":"2020-11-16T11:40:48Z","timestamp":1605526848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135418310030"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"references-count":95,"alternative-id":["S0043135418310030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Do reductions in agricultural field drainage during the growing season impact bacterial densities and loads in small tile-fed watersheds?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2018.11.074","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}