{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T15:07:40Z","timestamp":1790867260290,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":187,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51822808"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51822808"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51578389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51578389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51778445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51778445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013076","name":"National Major Science and Technology Project of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017ZX07201-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX07201-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013076","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013102","name":"Shanghai City Youth Science and Technology Star Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17QA1404400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17QA1404400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai City Youth Top Talent Project and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["1380219169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1380219169"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science & Technology Development Foundation (STGEF)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,8]],"date-time":"2019-05-08T23:28:49Z","timestamp":1557358129000},"page":"313-329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":208,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Disinfection byproduct formation during drinking water treatment and distribution: A review of unintended effects of engineering agents and materials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"160","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9910-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shunke","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2908-3044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5546-0210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhai","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.08.006","article-title":"Investigating the role of biofilms in trihalomethane formation in water distribution systems with a multicomponent model","volume":"104","author":"Abokifa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.10.105","article-title":"Engineered nanomaterials for water treatment and remediation: costs, benefits, and applicability","volume":"286","author":"Adeleye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-013-0422-6","article-title":"Evidence for covalently bonded chlorine\u2013fullerene formed by ozonation and chlorination at room temperature","volume":"11","author":"Alpatova","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(84)90105-2","article-title":"Studies on vinyl chloride migrating into drinking water from polyvinyl chloride pipe and reaction between vinyl chloride and chlorine","volume":"18","author":"Ando","year":"1984","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1021\/es980252o","article-title":"Pathways of chlorinated ethylene and chlorinated acetylene reaction with Zn(0)","volume":"32","author":"Arnold","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2010.tb10076.x","article-title":"TBAA reduction in reactors simulating distribution system pipes","volume":"102","author":"Arnold","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1988.tb03149.x","article-title":"Developing a sand-GAC filter to achieve high-rate biological filtration","volume":"80","author":"Bablon","year":"1988","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.04.013","article-title":"Occurrence of nitrosamines and their precursors in drinking water systems around mainland China","volume":"98","author":"Bei","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(91)90168-7","article-title":"Migration of vinyl chloride into PVC-bottled drinking-water assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry","volume":"29","author":"Benfenati","year":"1991","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(03)00404-4","article-title":"Copper catalysis in chloroform formation during water chlorination","volume":"37","author":"Blatchley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2166\/aqua.2005.0047","article-title":"Reaction of chlorine with organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment: a review","volume":"54","author":"Bolto","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Water Supply: Res. Teach."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.03.012","article-title":"Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment","volume":"41","author":"Bolto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.05.034","article-title":"Occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water \u2013 a review","volume":"45","author":"Bond","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2012.07.017","article-title":"Precursors of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water\u2013\u2013A critical review and analysis","volume":"235\u2013236","author":"Bond","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.04.099","article-title":"Fate of dissolved organic matter and byproducts generated from on-line chemical cleaning with sodium hypochlorite in MBR","volume":"323","author":"Cai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib16","series-title":"NDMA and Other Nitrosamines e Drinking Water Issues","author":"CDPH","year":"2009"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1021\/es991153t","article-title":"Effects of nanofiltration on trihalomethane and haloacetic acid precursor removal and speciation in waters containing low concentrations of bromide ion","volume":"34","author":"Chellam","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1021\/es010775n","article-title":"Disinfection byproduct relationships and speciation in chlorinated nanofiltered waters","volume":"35","author":"Chellam","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2008.09.007","article-title":"Nanofiltration of pretreated Lake Houston water: disinfection by-product speciation, relationships, and control","volume":"64","author":"Chellam","year":"2008","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1021\/es00099a007","article-title":"Reactions of chlorine dioxide with hydrocarbons: effects of activated carbon","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/0008-6223(84)90134-9","article-title":"Importance of surface free radicals in an aqueous chlorination reaction (Indan-ClO2) promoted by granular activated carbon","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6674","DOI":"10.1021\/es101073p","article-title":"Photoreactivity of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes in sunlight: reactive oxygen species production in water","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib23","series-title":"Reaction between Chlorine and a Dimethylamine Containing Polyelectrolyte Leading to the Formation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine","author":"Child","year":"1996"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib24","first-page":"406","article-title":"GAC removal of organic nitrogen and other DBP precursors","volume":"104","author":"Chiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3908","DOI":"10.1021\/es100397x","article-title":"Precursors of dichloroacetamide, an emerging nitrogenous DBP formed during chlorination or chloramination","volume":"44","author":"Chu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2011.09.109","article-title":"Impacts of drinking water pretreatments on the formation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products","volume":"102","author":"Chu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.10.059","article-title":"Terminating pre-ozonation prior to biological activated carbon filtration results in increased formation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products upon subsequent chlorination","volume":"121","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.07.005","article-title":"Comparison of free amino acids and short oligopeptides for the formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetonitriles during chlorination: effect of peptide bond and pre-oxidation","volume":"281","author":"Chu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.08.021","article-title":"Zero valent iron produces dichloroacetamide from chloramphenicol antibiotics in the absence of chlorine and chloramines","volume":"104","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04856","article-title":"Contribution of the antibiotic chloramphenicol and its analogues as precursors of dichloroacetamide and other disinfection byproducts in drinking water","volume":"50","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.10.047","article-title":"Copper increases reductive dehalogenation of haloacetamides by zero-valent iron in drinking water: reduction efficiency and integrated toxicity risk","volume":"107","author":"Chu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b04693","article-title":"Effect of ozonation and biological activated carbon treatment of wastewater effluents on formation of N-nitrosamines and halogenated disinfection byproducts","volume":"51","author":"Chuang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.12.062","article-title":"Pilot-scale comparison of microfiltration\/reverse osmosis and ozone\/biological activated carbon with UV\/hydrogen peroxide or UV\/free chlorine AOP treatment for controlling disinfection byproducts during wastewater reuse","volume":"152","author":"Chuang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8525","DOI":"10.1021\/es051044g","article-title":"Degradation of drinking water disinfection byproducts by synthetic goethite and magnetite","volume":"39","author":"Chun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1021\/es061571f","article-title":"Degradation of disinfection byproducts by carbonate green rust","volume":"41","author":"Chun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib184","first-page":"E197","article-title":"Evaluating polymers to avoid polymer-induced N-Nitrosodimethylamine formation","volume":"109","author":"Cornwell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water. Works. Ass."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1021\/es00069a014","article-title":"Destruction of chlorination byproducts with sulfite","volume":"23","author":"Croue","year":"1989","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.07.025","article-title":"Reactions of chlorine with inorganic and organic compounds during water treatment\u2014kinetics and mechanisms: a critical review","volume":"42","author":"Deborde","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.06.002","article-title":"Contribution of amide-based coagulant polyacrylamide as precursors of haloacetamides and other disinfection by-products","volume":"350","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2017.07.049","article-title":"Formation and estimated toxicity of trihalomethanes, haloacetonitriles, and haloacetamides from the chlor(am)ination of acetaminophen","volume":"341","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.06.024","article-title":"The stability of chlorinated, brominated, and iodinated haloacetamides in drinking water","volume":"142","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.11.032","article-title":"Deiodination of iopamidol by zero valent iron (ZVI) enhances formation of iodinated disinfection by-products during chloramination","volume":"129","author":"Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1021\/es303762p","article-title":"Cytotoxicity and oxidative damage induced by halobenzoquinones to T24 bladder cancer cells","volume":"47","author":"Du","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.04.002","article-title":"Mechanisms and kinetics study on the trihalomethanes formation with carbon nanoparticle precursors","volume":"154","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(92)90216-Q","article-title":"Initial investigation of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) in a low temperature water distribution system","volume":"26","author":"Emde","year":"1992","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5b00015","article-title":"N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors leach from nanofiltration membranes","volume":"2","author":"Ersan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib45","series-title":"Water Chlorination: Environmental Impact and Health Effects","first-page":"789","author":"Feige","year":"1980"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(77)80010-2","article-title":"The presence of dimethyl- and diethyl-nitrosamines in deionized water","volume":"15","author":"Fiddler","year":"1977","journal-title":"Food Cosmet. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib185","series-title":"Analytical Methods for Polymers and Their Oxidative by-Products","author":"Fielding","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib47","first-page":"271","article-title":"Contamination potential of biofilms in water distribution systems","volume":"2","author":"Flemming","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7497","DOI":"10.1021\/es0708058","article-title":"Reaction of water-stable C60 aggregates with ozone","volume":"41","author":"Fortner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.04.133","article-title":"Cu(II)-catalyzed THM formation during water chlorination and monochloramination: a comparison study","volume":"170","author":"Fu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00187-7","article-title":"Chlorination of natural organic matter: kinetics of chlorination and of THM formation","volume":"36","author":"Gallard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib51","first-page":"253","article-title":"Predictive capability of chlorination disinfection byproducts models","volume":"149","author":"Ged","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Manag."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(94)90191-0","article-title":"Removal of chlorite and chlorate ions from water using granular activated carbon","volume":"28","author":"Gonce","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-6264(77)80009-6","article-title":"Volatile nitrosamines from ion-exchange resins","volume":"15","author":"Gough","year":"1977","journal-title":"Food Cosmet. Toxicol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1021\/es9909778","article-title":"Reduction of N-nitrosodimethylamine with granular iron and nickel-enhanced iron. 1. Pathways and kinetics","volume":"34","author":"Gui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.09.043","article-title":"Reduction of N-Nitrosodimethylamine with zero-valent zinc","volume":"47","author":"Han","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.09.118","article-title":"The role of Cu(II) in the reduction of N-nitrosodimethylamine with iron and zinc","volume":"167","author":"Han","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib57","first-page":"152","article-title":"Contribution and removal of watershed and cationic polymer N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors","volume":"107","author":"Hanigan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1021\/es001785b","article-title":"Reduction of haloacetic acids by Fe0:\u2009 implications for treatment and fate","volume":"35","author":"Hozalski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2016.04.033","article-title":"Enhanced formation of bromate and brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination of bromide-containing waters under catalysis of copper corrosion products","volume":"98","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.10.144","article-title":"Comparison of drinking water treatment processes combinations for the minimization of subsequent disinfection by-products formation during chlorination and chloramination","volume":"335","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.01.032","article-title":"Comparison of disinfection byproduct formation from chlorine and alternative disinfectants","volume":"41","author":"Hua","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(90)90224-T","article-title":"Reactions of free chlorine with substituted anilines in aqueous solution and on granular activated carbon","volume":"24","author":"Hwang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(87)90162-X","article-title":"Reactions of chlorine and chlorine dioxide with resorcinol in aqueous solution and adsorbed on granular activated carbon","volume":"21","author":"Jackson","year":"1987","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13749","DOI":"10.1021\/es506358x","article-title":"Occurrence and comparative toxicity of haloacetaldehyde disinfection byproducts in drinking water","volume":"49","author":"Jeong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3435","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b06161","article-title":"Removal of intermediate aromatic halogenated DBPs by activated carbon adsorption: a new approach to controlling halogenated DBPs in chlorinated drinking water","volume":"51","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2018.04.050","article-title":"A\u00a0new approach to controlling halogenated DBPs by GAC adsorption of aromatic intermediates from chlorine disinfection: effects of bromide and contact time","volume":"203","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Separ. Purif. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1021\/es0612697","article-title":"Nitrile, aldehyde, and halonitroalkane formation during chlorination\/chloramination of primary amines","volume":"41","author":"Joo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1021\/es802460n","article-title":"Nitrosamine, dimethylnitramine, and chloropicrin formation during strong base anion-exchange treatment","volume":"43","author":"Kemper","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(80)90267-5","article-title":"Role of strong ion exchange resins in nitrosamine formation in water","volume":"14","author":"Kimoto","year":"1980","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4295","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1126\/science.196.4295.1205","article-title":"Polyelectrolytes: potential chloroform precursors","volume":"196","author":"Klaus","year":"1977","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.2166\/wqrj.2003.045","article-title":"Polyelectrolyte age and N-nitrosodimethylamine formation in drinking water treatment","volume":"38","author":"Kohut","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Qual. Res. J. Can."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2776","DOI":"10.1021\/es062268h","article-title":"Examination of NOM chlorination reactions by conventional and stop-flow differential absorbance spectroscopy","volume":"41","author":"Korshin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7175","DOI":"10.1021\/es060353j","article-title":"Occurrence of a new generation of disinfection byproducts","volume":"40","author":"Krasner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.04.050","article-title":"Formation, precursors, control, and occurrence of nitrosamines in drinking water: a review","volume":"47","author":"Krasner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib75","series-title":"Controlling the Formation of Nitrosamines during Water Treatment","author":"Krasner","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib76","unstructured":"Krasner, S.W., Leavey, S., Qian, Y., Li, X.F., Marfil-Vega, R., Bukhari, Z. (2016a) Nitrosamine Occurrence Survey, Denver, Colorado."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9583","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02508","article-title":"Granular activated carbon treatment may result in higher predicted genotoxicity in the presence of bromide","volume":"50","author":"Krasner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.03.035","article-title":"Chloramination of nitrogenous contaminants (pharmaceuticals and pesticides): NDMA and halogenated DBPs formation","volume":"45","author":"Le Roux","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2006.09.041","article-title":"Effects of dissolved oxygen and iron aging on the reduction of trichloronitromethane, trichloracetonitrile, and trichloropropanone","volume":"66","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.12.012","article-title":"Degradation of trichloronitromethane by iron water main corrosion products","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2006.08.008","article-title":"Dissolved organic nitrogen removal during water treatment by aluminum sulfate and cationic polymer coagulation","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2003.10.054","article-title":"Removal of soft deposits from the distribution system improves the drinking water quality","volume":"38","author":"Lehtola","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.03.036","article-title":"Exopolymeric substances from drinking water biofilms: dynamics of production and relation with disinfection by products","volume":"116","author":"Lemus P\u00e9rez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.01.082","article-title":"Effects of copper(II) and copper oxides on THMs formation in copper pipe","volume":"68","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib84","series-title":"Charaterization of Pore Structure and Surface Chemistry of Activated Carbons - A Review","author":"Li","year":"2012"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(95)00163-8","article-title":"Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the characteristics and trihalomethanes formation potential of humic acid","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"1996","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.08.015","article-title":"Antimicrobial nanomaterials for water disinfection and microbial control: potential applications and implications","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.02.140","article-title":"Impact of chitosan and polyacrylamide on formation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous disinfection by-products","volume":"178","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib88","first-page":"E454","article-title":"Nitrosamine precursor removal by bac: a case study of adsorption versus biotreatment","volume":"107","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-938X(01)00016-6","article-title":"Study of corrosion material accumulated on the inner wall of steel water pipe","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Corros. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2919","DOI":"10.1021\/es702797b","article-title":"Reduction of lead oxide (PbO2) by iodide and formation of iodoform in the PbO2\/I\u2212\/NOM system","volume":"42","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11054","DOI":"10.1021\/es3021793","article-title":"Enhanced bromate formation during chlorination of bromide-containing waters in the presence of CuO: catalytic disproportionation of hypobromous acid","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.06.010","article-title":"Chlorination of bromide-containing waters: enhanced bromate formation in the presence of synthetic metal oxides and deposits formed in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib93","first-page":"8365","article-title":"Enhanced chlorine dioxide decay in the presence of metal oxides: relevance to drinking water distribution systems","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13173","DOI":"10.1021\/es5032079","article-title":"Chlorination of iodide-containing waters in the presence of CuO: formation of periodate","volume":"48","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b03266","article-title":"formation of bromate and halogenated disinfection byproducts during chlorination of bromide-containing waters in the presence of dissolved organic matter and CuO","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.080","article-title":"The control of disinfection byproducts and their precursors in biologically active filtration processes","volume":"124","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.07.024","article-title":"Comparative toxicity of new halophenolic DBPs in chlorinated saline wastewater effluents against a marine alga: halophenolic DBPs are generally more toxic than haloaliphatic ones","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-013-1493-5","article-title":"The influence of Cu(II) on the formation and distribution of disinfection by-products during the chlorination of drinking water","volume":"224","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water, Air, Soil Pollut."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6218","DOI":"10.1021\/es800887s","article-title":"TiO2 photocatalysis of natural organic matter in surface water: impact on trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation potential","volume":"42","author":"Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8954","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00835","article-title":"Understanding, monitoring, and controlling biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.05.018","article-title":"Toward better understanding of chloral hydrate stability in water: kinetics, pathways, and influencing factors","volume":"157","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1984.tb05354.x","article-title":"How safe are organic polymers in water treatment?","volume":"76","author":"Mallevialle","year":"1984","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1021\/es00061a012","article-title":"Reductive dehalogenation of chlorinated methanes by iron metal","volume":"28","author":"Matheson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2010.06.007","article-title":"Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment: a review","volume":"159","author":"Matilainen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interfac."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1021\/es00084a003","article-title":"Reaction of free chlorine with humic substances before and after adsorption on activated carbon","volume":"15","author":"McCreary","year":"1981","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1021\/es00100a007","article-title":"Comparison of the reaction of aqueous free chlorine with phenolic acids in solution and adsorbed on granular activated carbon","volume":"16","author":"McCreary","year":"1982","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib107","first-page":"823","article-title":"Enhanced disinfection by-product formation due to nanoparticles in wastewater treatment plant effluents","volume":"1","author":"Metch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Water Res. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1021\/es035025n","article-title":"Characterization and fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in municipal wastewater treatment plants","volume":"38","author":"Mitch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2011.tb11549.x","article-title":"Nitrosamines from pipeline materials in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"103","author":"Morran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1021\/es0617441","article-title":"Haloacetonitriles vs. regulated haloacetic acids: are nitrogen-containing DBPs more toxic?","volume":"41","author":"Muellner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2001.tb09129.x","article-title":"NDMA formation in water and wastewater","volume":"93","author":"Najm","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1021\/es980921y","article-title":"Generation of hydroxyl radicals from metal-loaded humic acids","volume":"33","author":"Paciolla","year":"1999","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4161","DOI":"10.1021\/es903916t","article-title":"Unexpected role of activated carbon in promoting transformation of secondary amines to N-nitrosamines","volume":"44","author":"Padhye","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4353","DOI":"10.1021\/es104255e","article-title":"PolyDADMAC and dimethylamine as precursors of N-nitrosodimethylamine during ozonation: reaction kinetics and mechanisms","volume":"45","author":"Padhye","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9005","DOI":"10.1021\/es801777n","article-title":"Adsorption mechanisms of organic chemicals on carbon nanotubes","volume":"42","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1021\/es303729n","article-title":"Four groups of new aromatic halogenated disinfection byproducts: effect of bromide concentration on their formation and speciation in chlorinated drinking water","volume":"47","author":"Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1021\/es403775v","article-title":"Boiling of simulated tap water: effect on polar brominated disinfection byproducts, halogen speciation, and cytotoxicity","volume":"48","author":"Pan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1021\/es802732z","article-title":"Degradation of amine-based water treatment polymers during chloramination as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2014.07.044","article-title":"N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation potential of amine-based water treatment polymers: effects of in situ chloramination, breakpoint chlorination, and pre-oxidation","volume":"282","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11161","DOI":"10.1021\/es5028184","article-title":"enhanced formation of disinfection byproducts in shale gas wastewater-impacted drinking water supplies","volume":"48","author":"Parker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1897\/04-614Ra.1","article-title":"Degradation of chloropicrin in the presence of zero-valent iron","volume":"24","author":"Pearson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1089\/ees.2013.0480","article-title":"Variability of tap water residual chlorine and microbial counts at spatially resolved points of use","volume":"31","author":"Pieri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib123","series-title":"Disinfection By-Products in Drinking Water","first-page":"36","author":"Plewa","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib124","series-title":"Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Products","first-page":"3","author":"Plewa","year":"2015"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.09.058","article-title":"Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment","volume":"47","author":"Qu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3327","DOI":"10.1021\/es960142m","article-title":"Identification of TiO2\/UV disinfection byproducts in drinking water","volume":"30","author":"Richardson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrrev.2007.09.001","article-title":"Occurrence, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in drinking water: a review and roadmap for research","volume":"636","author":"Richardson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mutat. Res\/Rev. Mutat."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8330","DOI":"10.1021\/es801169k","article-title":"Occurrence and mammalian cell toxicity of iodinated disinfection byproducts in drinking water","volume":"42","author":"Richardson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib129","series-title":"Emerging Organic Contaminants and Human Health","first-page":"93","author":"Richardson","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib130","first-page":"234","article-title":"Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural water","volume":"23","author":"Rook","year":"1974","journal-title":"Water Treat. Exam."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(01)00059-8","article-title":"DBP formation kinetics in a simulated distribution system","volume":"35","author":"Rossman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2006.03.009","article-title":"Removal of nitrate from aqueous solution by nitrate selective ion exchange resins","volume":"66","author":"Samatya","year":"2006","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1985.tb05536.x","article-title":"Water utility operating data: an analysis","volume":"77","author":"Seidel","year":"1985","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.08.015","article-title":"The effect of pre-oxidation on NDMA formation and the influence of pH","volume":"66","author":"Selbes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2005.04.086","article-title":"Bromate formation on the non-porous TiO2 photoanode in the photoelectrocatalytic system","volume":"62","author":"Selcuk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.04.034","article-title":"Disinfection and formation of disinfection by-products in a photoelectrocatalytic system","volume":"44","author":"Selcuk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.11.051","article-title":"N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation at an indirect potable reuse facility","volume":"70","author":"Sgroi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1021\/es203312s","article-title":"Halonitroalkanes, halonitriles, haloamides, and N-nitrosamines: a critical review of nitrogenous disinfection byproduct formation pathways","volume":"46","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2017.02.071","article-title":"Impact of metal ions, metal oxides, and nanoparticles on the formation of disinfection byproducts during chlorination","volume":"317","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1021\/es00084a002","article-title":"Organic compounds produced by the aqueous free-chlorine-activated carbon reaction","volume":"15","author":"Snoeyink","year":"1981","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib141","series-title":"Nanotechnology for Water Treatment and Purification","first-page":"275","author":"Sokolowski","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib142","series-title":"Water Pollution Research and Control Brighton","first-page":"857","author":"Soponkanaporn","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11244-005-2497-1","article-title":"Carbon materials and catalytic wet air oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater","volume":"33","author":"St\u00fcber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05925.x","article-title":"Effect of separation processes on the formation of brominated THMs","volume":"85","author":"Summers","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.04.050","article-title":"Chemical cleaning-associated generation of dissolved organic matter and halogenated byproducts in ceramic MBR: ozone versus hypochlorite","volume":"140","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.1993.tb05921.x","article-title":"Measurement of THM and precursor concentrations revisited: the effect of bromide ion","volume":"85","author":"Symons","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2007.10.042","article-title":"Application of membrane separation processes in petrochemical industry: a review","volume":"235","author":"Takht Ravanchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.01.027","article-title":"Effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on iron efficiency: removal of three chloroacetic acids","volume":"73","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2017.03.006","article-title":"Mechanism and kinetics of halogenated compound removal by metallic iron: Transport in solution, diffusion and reduction within corrosion films","volume":"178","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib149","first-page":"408","article-title":"NDMA formation from gaskets used in water storage tanks","volume":"106","author":"Teefy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.09.008","article-title":"Adsorption of divalent heavy metal ions from water using carbon nanotube sheets","volume":"185","author":"Tofighy","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2004.11.008","article-title":"Seasonal variations of trihalomethanes (THMs) in water distribution networks of Istanbul City","volume":"176","author":"Toroz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11823","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-014-2508-5","article-title":"Nano-silver in drinking water and drinking water sources: stability and influences on disinfection by-product formation","volume":"21","author":"Tugulea","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib153","article-title":"Stage 2 disinfectants and disinfection byproducts rule: National primary and secondary drinking water regulations: final rule","volume":"71","author":"USEPA","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fed. Regist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib154","series-title":"Distribution System Inventory, Integrity and Water Quality","author":"USEPA","year":"2007"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1021\/es00051a007","article-title":"Inorganic and organic byproducts of the reactions between chlorite, activated carbon, and phenolic compounds","volume":"28","author":"Vel Leitner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9279","DOI":"10.1021\/es501578u","article-title":"N-functionalized carbon nanotubes as a source and precursor of N-nitrosodimethylamine: implications for environmental fate, transport, and toxicity","volume":"48","author":"Verdugo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib157","first-page":"1327","article-title":"Formation of trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids during chlorination of functionalized carbon nanotubes","volume":"3","author":"Verdugo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci.: Nano"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1021\/es00135a010","article-title":"Effects of activated carbon on the reactions of free chlorine with phenols","volume":"19","author":"Voudrias","year":"1985","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1354(85)90150-2","article-title":"Effects of activated carbon on the reactions of combined chlorine with phenols","volume":"19","author":"Voudrias","year":"1985","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.04.021","article-title":"CHO cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analyses of disinfection by-products: an updated review","volume":"58","author":"Wagner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2011.02.016","article-title":"Investigation of factors affecting the accumulation of vinyl chloride in polyvinyl chloride piping used in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"45","author":"Walter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9398","DOI":"10.1021\/es301037f","article-title":"(Photo)chlorination-Induced physicochemical transformation of aqueous fullerene nC60","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10590","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b02831","article-title":"Halobenzoquinone-induced developmental toxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in zebrafish embryos","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.02.038","article-title":"Disinfection byproduct formation from chlorination of pure bacterial cells and pipeline biofilms","volume":"47","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2009.09.013","article-title":"Effect of zinc on the transformation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in drinking water","volume":"174","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Hazard Mater."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-014-0734-1","article-title":"Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: a critical review","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib167","author":"WHO"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2003.tb10457.x","article-title":"formation of NDMA in chloraminated water coagulated with DADMAC cationic polymer","volume":"95","author":"Wilczak","year":"2003","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Water Work. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.059","article-title":"Iodinated trihalomethane formation during chloramination of iodate-containing waters in the presence of zero valent iron","volume":"124","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2015.03.058","article-title":"Chlorination of polyvinyl pyrrolidone\u2013polysulfone membranes: organic compound release, byproduct formation, and changes in membrane properties","volume":"489","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Membr. Sci."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10868","DOI":"10.1021\/es401841t","article-title":"Comparative developmental toxicity of new aromatic halogenated DBPs in a chlorinated saline sewage effluent to the marine polychaete platynereis dumerilii","volume":"47","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11846","DOI":"10.1021\/es503312k","article-title":"Halopyrroles: a new group of highly toxic disinfection byproducts formed in chlorinated saline wastewater","volume":"48","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2010.01.029","article-title":"Nitrogenous disinfection byproducts formation and nitrogen origin exploration during chloramination of nitrogenous organic compounds","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11028","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b02772","article-title":"Kinetic analysis of haloacetonitrile stability in drinking waters","volume":"49","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13392","DOI":"10.1021\/es504091s","article-title":"Synthesis and application of a quaternary phosphonium polymer coagulant to avoid N-nitrosamine formation","volume":"48","author":"Zeng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4778","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00602","article-title":"Structural modifications to quaternary ammonium polymer coagulants to inhibit N-nitrosamine formation","volume":"50","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2964","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b05668","article-title":"Impact of nitrification on the formation of N-nitrosamines and halogenated disinfection byproducts within distribution system storage facilities","volume":"50","author":"Zeng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.02.028","article-title":"Catalysis of copper corrosion products on chlorine decay and HAA formation in simulated distribution systems","volume":"46","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2013.08.067","article-title":"Factors affecting catalysis of copper corrosion products in NDMA formation from DMA in simulated premise plumbing","volume":"93","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6881","DOI":"10.1021\/es049267e","article-title":"Kinetics of haloacetic acid reactions with Fe(0)","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.03.028","article-title":"Control of aliphatic halogenated DBP precursors with multiple drinking water treatment processes: formation potential and integrated toxicity","volume":"58","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2015.09.095","article-title":"Effects of metal ions on disinfection byproduct formation during chlorination of natural organic matter and surrogates","volume":"144","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chemosphere"}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135419304105?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135419304105?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T02:00:32Z","timestamp":1758592832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135419304105"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":187,"alternative-id":["S0043135419304105"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disinfection byproduct formation during drinking water treatment and distribution: A review of unintended effects of engineering agents and materials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.05.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}