{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T04:11:51Z","timestamp":1789186311840,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,21]],"date-time":"2020-04-21T16:29:36Z","timestamp":1587486576000},"page":"115838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The limitations of hydrodynamic removal of biofilms from the dead-ends in a model drinking water distribution system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"178","author":[{"given":"Urh","family":"Simuni\u010d","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Pipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matev\u017e","family":"Dular","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Stopar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2166\/aqua.2005.0035","article-title":"Dead-end flushing of a distribution system: short and long-term effects on water quality","volume":"54","author":"Barbeau","year":"2005","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Water Supply Res. Technol. - Aqua"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02443","article-title":"Biofilm surface density determines biocide effectiveness","volume":"8","author":"Ba\u0161","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3122","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2008\/018622-0","article-title":"Forces involved in bacterial adhesion to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces","volume":"154","author":"Boks","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib4","article-title":"Correlations between travel time and water quality in a deadend loop","volume":"November 9 \u201312","author":"Carter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Wat.Qual. Technol. Conf. Am. Wat. Wks Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib5","series-title":"Biofilms. Characklis W.G.","first-page":"195","article-title":"Biofilm processes","author":"Characklis","year":"1990"},{"issue":"5418","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4155","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00109-16","article-title":"Dynamics of biofilm regrowth in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"82","author":"Douterelo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.09.053","article-title":"Influence of hydraulic regimes on bacterial community structure and composition in an experimental drinking water distribution system","volume":"47","author":"Douterelo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3390\/w11050994","article-title":"Experimental investigation of purging saline solution from a dead-end water pipe","volume":"11","author":"Elgamal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Water"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib10","series-title":"Engineering Fluid Mechanics","author":"Elger","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib11","series-title":"Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics","author":"Ferziger","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7012(00)00241-4","article-title":"How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria","volume":"44","author":"Herigstad","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Microbiol. Methods"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5042","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SM00297A","article-title":"Viscoelastic response of Escherichia coli biofilms to genetically altered expression of extracellular matrix components","volume":"15","author":"Horvat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Matter"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2014.969249","article-title":"Analysis of the mechanical stability and surface detachment of mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms by applying a range of external shear forces","volume":"30","author":"Hwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006407","article-title":"Candida albicans mannans mediate Streptococcus mutans exoenzyme GtfB binding to modulate cross-kingdom biofilm development in\u00a0vivo","volume":"13","author":"Hwang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0181965","article-title":"A\u00a0mechanistic Individual-based Model of microbial communities","volume":"12","author":"Jayathilake","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2019.04.051","article-title":"An in-situ technique for the direct structural characterization of biofouling in membrane filtration","volume":"583","author":"Kerdi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Membr. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2005.0196","article-title":"Finite element modeling to expand the UMCCA model to describe biofilm mechanical behavior","volume":"52","author":"Laspidou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2007.289","article-title":"Variation in mechanical properties of a porous multi-phase biofilm under compression due to void closure","volume":"55","author":"Laspidou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib20","series-title":"Heterotrophic Plate Count Measurement in Drinking Water Safety Management","first-page":"177","article-title":"Conditions favouring coliform and HPC bacterial growth in drinking-water and on water contact surfaces","author":"LeChevallier","year":"2003"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0101-5","article-title":"Drinking water microbiome assembly induced by water stagnation","volume":"12","author":"Ling","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s10295-019-02161-x","article-title":"Microfluidic study of effects of flow velocity and nutrient concentration on biofilm accumulation and adhesive strength in the flowing and no-flowing microchannels","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8954","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00835","article-title":"Understanding, monitoring, and controlling biofilm growth in drinking water distribution systems","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2006.02970.x","article-title":"Effect of flow regimes on the presence of Legionella within the biofilm of a model plumbing system","volume":"101","author":"Liu","year":"2006","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1021\/am507148n","article-title":"The influence of surface modification on bacterial adhesion to titanium-based substrates","volume":"7","author":"Lorenzetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01913-2","article-title":"Mechanisms of biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents","volume":"9","author":"Mah","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6899","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.11.6899-6907.2003","article-title":"Long-term succession of structure and diversity of a biofilm formed in a model drinking water distribution system","volume":"69","author":"Martiny","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012470100-7\/50021-2","article-title":"Biofilm formation and its role in fixed film processes","author":"Melo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.2514\/3.12149","article-title":"Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications","volume":"32","author":"Menter","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.08.016","article-title":"The effects of surface properties on Escherichia coli adhesion are modulated by shear stress","volume":"123","author":"Moreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2014.933625","article-title":"The combined effects of shear stress and mass transfer on the balance between biofilm and suspended cell dynamics","volume":"53","author":"Moreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Desalination and Water Treatment"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2012.07.029","article-title":"Effect of shear stress and growth conditions on detachment and physical properties of biofilms","volume":"46","author":"Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib34","series-title":"Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow","author":"Patankar","year":"1980"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.08.070","article-title":"Determination of mechanical properties of biofilms by modelling the deformation measured using optical coherence tomography","volume":"145","author":"Picioreanu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4850796","article-title":"Life under flow: a novel microfluidic device for the assessment of anti-biofilm technologies","volume":"7","author":"Salta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biomicrofluidics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2520","DOI":"10.1039\/C2RA22243D","article-title":"Biofilms in drinking water: problems and solutions","volume":"3","author":"Sim\u00f5es","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-6593.1999.tb00999.x","article-title":"A\u00a0pipeline testing facility for the examination of pipe wall deposits and red-water events in drinking water","volume":"1","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3812","DOI":"10.1016\/S0043-1354(02)00099-4","article-title":"Effects of fluid-flow velocity and water quality on planktonic and sessile microbial growth in water hydraulic system","volume":"36","author":"Soini","year":"2002","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-9322(99)00047-6","article-title":"Experimental analysis and modelling of particle-wall collisions","volume":"25","author":"Sommerfeld","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int. J. Multiphas. Flow"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MB-0010-2014","article-title":"Antimicrobial tolerance in biofilms","volume":"3","author":"Stewart","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microbiol. Spectr."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jim.7000282","article-title":"Biofilm material properties as related to shear-induced deformation and detachment phenomena","volume":"29","author":"Stoodley","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1998.tb05279.x","article-title":"Influence of hydrodynamics and nutrients on biofilm structure","volume":"85","author":"Stoodley","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Appl. Microbiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2013.821467","article-title":"Flow cells as quasi-ideal systems for biofouling simulation of industrial piping systems","volume":"29","author":"Teod\u00f3sio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/361496","article-title":"Setup and validation of flow cell systems for biofouling simulation in industrial settings","volume":"8","author":"Teod\u00f3sio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. World J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175197","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm under flow: first a physical struggle to stay, then a matter of breathing","volume":"12","author":"Thomen","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1021\/ie00082a034","article-title":"Critical Reynolds number for Newtonian flow in rectangular ducts","volume":"27","author":"Tosun","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9496(2002)128:5(334)","article-title":"Advection-dispersion-reaction modeling in water distribution networks","volume":"128","author":"Tzatchkov","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Water Resour. Plann. Manag."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1995.0258","article-title":"Biofilm structures","volume":"32","author":"van Loosdrecht","year":"1995","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1177\/25.7.70454","article-title":"Automatic measurement of sister chromatid exchange frequency","volume":"25","author":"Zack","year":"1977","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.07.019","article-title":"An experimental study on the influence of water stagnation and temperature change on water quality in a full-scale domestic drinking water system","volume":"123","author":"Zlatanovi\u0107","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420303754?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420303754?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T03:03:19Z","timestamp":1758596599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135420303754"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0043135420303754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The limitations of hydrodynamic removal of biofilms from the dead-ends in a model drinking water distribution system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115838","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115838"}}