{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:52:53Z","timestamp":1777539173643,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,26]],"date-time":"2021-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627257600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":298,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CBET-1847466"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CBET-1847466"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015340","name":"Bayer Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015340","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,18]],"date-time":"2020-07-18T02:27:25Z","timestamp":1595039245000},"page":"116199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A computational model for the catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"185","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Zak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Randal","family":"Marks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Perez-Calleja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2203-5004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Nerenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1912-9819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Doudrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2011.07.037","article-title":"Carbon nanofibers in catalytic membrane microreactors","volume":"381","author":"Aran","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0002","unstructured":"Benjamin, M.M. (2015) Water Chemistry."},{"issue":"Number 5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0003","first-page":"E129","article-title":"Catalytic denitrification in a trickle bed reactor: ion exchange waste brine treatment","volume":"109","author":"Bergquist","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E144","DOI":"10.5942\/jawwa.2017.109.0056","article-title":"Catalytic nitrate removal in a trickle bed reactor: direct drinking water treatment","volume":"109","author":"Bertoch","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-7388(98)00047-7","article-title":"Nitrification and oxygen utilisation in a membrane aeration bioreactor","volume":"144","author":"Brindle","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Membr. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/apj.379","article-title":"Catalysis in polymeric membrane reactors: the membrane role","volume":"5","author":"Buonomenna","year":"2010","journal-title":"Asia-Pac. J. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(03)00019-1","article-title":"Tubular inorganic catalytic membrane reactors: advantages and performance in multiphase hydrogenation reactions","volume":"79","author":"Centi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3655","DOI":"10.1021\/es204087q","article-title":"Critical review of Pd-based catalytic treatment of priority contaminants in water","volume":"46","author":"Chaplin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0009","first-page":"600","article-title":"Reduction of nitrate from groundwater: powder catalysts and catalytic membrane","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.05.007","article-title":"Performance and life cycle environmental benefits of recycling spent ion exchange brines by catalytic treatment of nitrate","volume":"80","author":"Choe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1021\/es051251g","article-title":"Bioreduction of selenate using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor","volume":"40","author":"Chung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(99)00049-4","article-title":"Studies on the use of catalytic membranes for reduction of nitrate in drinking water","volume":"54","author":"Daub","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1381-1169(01)00149-2","article-title":"Membrane reactors for hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes based on supported palladium","volume":"173","author":"Dittmeyer","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Mol. Catal. a-Chem."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/B:TOCA.0000024925.30020.a1","article-title":"A review of catalytic membrane layers for gas\/liquid reactions","volume":"29","author":"Dittmeyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Top. Catal."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1021\/jp106521t","article-title":"Effect of pH on the nitrite hydrogenation mechanism over Pd\/Al2O3 and Pt\/Al2O3: details obtained with ATR-IR spectroscopy","volume":"115","author":"Ebbesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cattod.2016.02.057","article-title":"Carbon nano-fiber based membrane reactor for selective nitrite hydrogenation","volume":"273","author":"Espinosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2017.10.058","article-title":"Egg-shell membrane reactors for nitrite hydrogenation: manipulating kinetics and selectivity","volume":"224","author":"Espinosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2000)126:3(250)","article-title":"Modeling biofilms on gas-permeable supports: concentration and activity profiles","volume":"126","author":"Essila","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng.-Asce"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690130421","article-title":"Diffusion coefficients of hydrogen and helium in water","volume":"13","author":"Ferrell","year":"1967","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b01371","article-title":"Insights into nitrate reduction over indium-decorated palladium nanoparticle catalysts","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acs Catal."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1656(02)00227-4","article-title":"Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification by controlling vertical and horizontal microenvironment in a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor","volume":"100","author":"Hibiya","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0022","series-title":"The Kinetics of Chemical Change","author":"Hinshelwood","year":"1940"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11783-017-0972-0","article-title":"Catalytic reduction for water treatment","volume":"12","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Environ. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.115593","article-title":"Activity and stability of the catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor for treating oxidized contaminants","author":"Marks","year":"2020","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6492","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b01667","article-title":"Catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor for treatment of aqueous contaminants","volume":"53","author":"Marks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2012.02.110","article-title":"The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) for water and wastewater treatment: principles, applications, and recent developments","volume":"122","author":"Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.25607","article-title":"Assessing microbial competition in a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) using multidimensional modeling","volume":"112","author":"Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-3373(03)00126-7","article-title":"Cloth catalysts in water denitrification - III. pH inhibition of nitrite hydrogenation over Pd\/ACC","volume":"45","author":"Matatov-Meytal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B-Environ."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0488(20000201)38:3<415::AID-POLB8>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Gas sorption, diffusion, and permeation in poly(dimethylsiloxane)","volume":"38","author":"Merkel","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Polym. Sci. Part B-Polym. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2016.01.015","article-title":"The membrane-biofilm reactor (MBfR) as a counter-diffusional biofilm process","volume":"38","author":"Nerenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0847","article-title":"Hydrogen-based, hollow-fiber membrane biofilm reactor for reduction of perchlorate and other oxidized contaminants","volume":"49","author":"Nerenberg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1551-8833.2002.tb10234.x","article-title":"Perchlorate reduction in a hydrogen-based membrane-biofilm reactor","volume":"94","author":"Nerenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Water Works Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-8947(99)00026-1","article-title":"Membrane aeration bioreactors for wastewater treatment: completely mixed and plug-flow operation","volume":"73","author":"Pankhania","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.05.042","article-title":"Periodic venting of MABR lumen allows high removal rates and high gas-transfer efficiencies","volume":"121","author":"Perez-Calleja","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690441017","article-title":"Catalytic liquid-phase nitrite reduction: kinetics and catalyst deactivation","volume":"44","author":"Pintar","year":"1998","journal-title":"AIChE J."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3770","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201800523","article-title":"Competitive adsorption of nitrite and hydrogen on palladium during nitrite hydrogenation","volume":"10","author":"Postma","year":"2018","journal-title":"ChemCatChem"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.1994.0025","article-title":"Aquasim - a tool for simulation and data-analysis of aquatic systems","volume":"30","author":"Reichert","year":"1994","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1002\/bit.26399","article-title":"Mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) formation and reduction in denitrifying biofilms","volume":"114","author":"Sabba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Bioeng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2001)127:2(126)","article-title":"Modeling biofilms on gas-permeable supports: flux limitations","volume":"127","author":"Semmens","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng.-Asce"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1002\/cjce.5450380403","article-title":"Kinetics of the vapor-phase oxidation of napthalene over a vanadium catalyst","author":"Shelstad","year":"1960","journal-title":"Can. J. Chem. Eng. (August)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.185.5.1485-1491.2003","article-title":"Diffusion in biofilms","volume":"185","author":"Stewart","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-5861(99)00233-3","article-title":"Use of palladium based catalysts in the hydrogenation of nitrates in drinking water: from powders to membranes","volume":"55","author":"Strukul","year":"2000","journal-title":"Catal. Today"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1021\/es0719428","article-title":"Membrane-aerated biofilms for high rate biotreatment: performance appraisal, engineering principles, scale-up, and development requirements","volume":"42","author":"Syron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2004.0824","article-title":"Biofilm modeling with AQUASIM","volume":"49","author":"Wanner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2008.09.035","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of nitrate and perchlorate bioreduction kinetics in groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor","volume":"43","author":"Ziv-El","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Res."}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420307363?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420307363?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T17:13:39Z","timestamp":1777396419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135420307363"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0043135420307363"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A computational model for the catalytic hydrogel membrane reactor","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116199","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116199"}}