{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T05:25:18Z","timestamp":1793337918775,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFJ - STS - QYZX - 109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFJ - STS - QYZX - 109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RHZX - 2019 - 003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RHZX - 2019 - 003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Water Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,13]],"date-time":"2020-10-13T18:07:55Z","timestamp":1602612475000},"page":"116521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Dissolving the high-cost with acidity: A happy encounter between fluidized struvite crystallization and wastewater from activated carbon manufacture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"188","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3178-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhuang","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junbin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0639-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lishan","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Long","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8064-0504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaohua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2017.11.002","article-title":"Environmental impacts of phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater","volume":"130","author":"Amann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycle."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2370(02)00180-8","article-title":"Activated carbons by pyrolysis of coffee bean husks in presence of phosphoric acid","volume":"70","author":"Baquero","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1080\/10643380701640573","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization: a review","volume":"39","author":"Corre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.3390\/su10061790","article-title":"An assessment of the drivers and barriers for the deployment of urban phosphorus recovery technologies: a case study of the Netherlands","volume":"10","author":"De","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2013.866531","article-title":"Global phosphorus scarcity and full-scale p-recovery techniques: a review","volume":"45","author":"Desmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Egle, L., Rechberger, H., Krampe, J., et\u00a0al. (2016) Phosphorus recovery from municipal wastewater: an integrated comparative technological, environmental and economic assessment of P recovery technologies. 571, 522\u2013542.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.07.019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0007","unstructured":"ESPP (2011) Phosphate value chain agreement. https:\/\/phosphorusplatform.eu\/images\/download\/Dutch_phosphate_value_chain_agreement_-_Oct_4th_2011.pdf."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000576","article-title":"Influence of process parameters on the characteristics of struvite pellets","volume":"138","author":"Fattah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)0733-9372(2008)134:5(395)","article-title":"Optimizing struvite production for phosphate recovery in WWTP","volume":"134","author":"Forrest","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Environ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2013.11.070","article-title":"Modelling and simulation of inorganic precipitation with nucleation, crystal growth and aggregation: a new approach to an old method","volume":"240","author":"Galbraith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib40","author":"GB\/T 31962","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wastewater quality standards for discharge to municipal sewers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2009.049","article-title":"Struvite formation, analytical methods and effects of pH and Ca(2+)","volume":"59","author":"Hao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0013","series-title":"Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment e Principles and Framework","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0014","article-title":"Resource recovery: the challenge of finding a market for your product","year":"2017","journal-title":"Source"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2015.12.009","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery as struvite: recent concerns for use of seed, alternative Mg source, nitrogen conservation and fertilizer potential","volume":"107","author":"Kataki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycle."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.07.025","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery through struvite crystallisation: recent developments in the understanding of operational factors","volume":"248","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.05.042","article-title":"An exploration of barriers for commercializing phosphorus recovery technologies","volume":"229","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122013","article-title":"Effects of struvite-humic acid loaded biochar\/bentonite composite amendment on Zn(II) and antibiotic resistance genes in manure-soil","volume":"375","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.09.006","article-title":"Is SCENA a good approach for side-stream integrated treatment from an environmental and economic point of view?","volume":"125","author":"Longo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2013.03.007","article-title":"Nucleation and growth kinetics of struvite crystallization","volume":"47","author":"Mehta","year":"2013","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2010.12.103","article-title":"Recovery of struvite from animal wastewater and its nutrient leaching loss in soil","volume":"186","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2015.07.043","article-title":"Reagent use efficiency with removal of nitrogen from pig slurry via struvite: a study on magnesium oxide and related by-products","volume":"84","author":"Romero-G\u00fciza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0023","unstructured":"Sansheng-Consulting (2019) Annual research and consultation report of market research and investment strategy on China industry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resconrec.2018.08.009","article-title":"Life cycle assessment review of struvite precipitation in wastewater treatment","volume":"139","author":"Sena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resour. Conserv. Recycle."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.06.129","article-title":"Life cycle cost and environmental assessment for resource-oriented toilet systems","volume":"196","author":"Shi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2015.03.008","article-title":"Struvite precipitation with MgO as a precursor: application to wastewater treatment","volume":"133","author":"Stolzenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02978823","article-title":"Life cycle assessment of municipal waste water systems","volume":"3","author":"Tillman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int. J. Life Cycle Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2019.113955","article-title":"Reuse of a phosphorus recovery product (struvite\/palygorskite) from nutrient wastewater for copper remediation in aqueous solution and soil","volume":"357","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2017.11.029","article-title":"Selection of cost-effective magnesium sources for fluidized struvite crystallization","volume":"70","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaaq0210","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaq0210","article-title":"Evolving wastewater infrastructure paradigm to enhance harmony with nature","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., McCarty, P.L., Liu, J., et\u00a0al. (2015) Probabilistic evaluation of integrating resource recovery into wastewater treatment to improve environmental sustainability PNAS 112(5), 1630\u20131635.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1410715112"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0032","first-page":"1567","article-title":"Phosphorus: too big to fail","volume":"10","author":"Willem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inorg. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0033","unstructured":"World-Bank (2016) World bank GEM commodities databank for phosphate rock. DAP, TSP, Urea and Pottasium Chloride. http:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/data-catalog\/commodityprice-data."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.04.171","article-title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of sludge management: a case study of Xiamen, China","volume":"192","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibiod.2019.03.015","article-title":"Effect of upflow velocity on the performance of a fluidized bed reactor to remove phosphate from simulated swine wastewater","volume":"140","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Biodeterior. Biodegradation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2017.10.048","article-title":"Numerical simulation of struvite crystallization in fluidized bed reactor","volume":"176","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.03.022","article-title":"A comprehensive understanding of saturation index and upflow velocity in a pilot-scale fluidized bed reactor for struvite recovery from swine wastewater","volume":"295","author":"Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2017.533","article-title":"Application of image processing on struvite recovery from swine wastewater by using the fluidized bed","volume":"77","author":"Ye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S1001-0742(13)60536-7","article-title":"Phosphorus recovery from wastewater by struvite crystallization: property of aggregates","volume":"26","author":"Ye","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci."}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117218","type":"erratum","label":"Erratum","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623715200000}}],"container-title":["Water Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420310563?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0043135420310563?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T11:01:34Z","timestamp":1777460494000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0043135420310563"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0043135420310563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521","relation":{},"ISSN":["0043-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0043-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dissolving the high-cost with acidity: A happy encounter between fluidized struvite crystallization and wastewater from activated carbon manufacture","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Water Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116521","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"116521"}}